(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT)
`
`(19) World Intellectual Property Organization
`International Bureau
`
`(43) International Publication Date
`5 April 2001 (05.04.2001)
`
` llllllllllllll||||||l||||||||||H|||||||||Illlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
`
`(10) International Publication Number
`WO 01/24123 Al
`
`(51) International Patent Classification7:
`
`G07F 7/10
`
`(21) International Application Number:
`
`PCT/US00/26716
`
`(22) International Filing Date:
`28 September 2000 (28.09.2000)
`
`[US/US]; 386 Lincoln Street, Lexington, MA 02421-7417
`(US). COHEN, Rob [US/US]; 119 Bent Road, Sudbury,
`MA 01776 (US). JESSEN, Karlin [US/US]; 97 Pleas-
`ant Street, Reading, MA 01867 (US). HASSOL, Joshua
`[US/US]; 456 Marrett Road, Lexington, MA 02421 (US).
`LIPOFF, Stuart [US/US]; 192 Kirkstall Road, Newton,
`MA 02460-2441 (US).
`
`(25) Filing Language:
`
`(26) Publication Language:
`
`English
`
`English
`
`(74) Agent: PRITZKER, Randy, J.; Wolf, Greenfield &
`Sacks, RC, 600 Atlantic Avenue, Boston, MA 02210
`(US).
`
`(30) Priority Data:
`60/156,356
`60/167,050
`60/184,425
`60/217,542
`
`US
`28 September 1999 (28.09.1999)
`23 November 1999 (23.11.1999) US
`23 February 2000 (23.02.2000)
`US
`12 July 2000 (12.07.2000) US
`
`except US):
`(for all designated States
`(71) Applicant
`[US/US];
`386
`CHAMELEON NETWORK INC.
`Lincoln Street, Lexington, MA 02421 (US).
`
`(72) Inventors; and
`(75) Inventors/Applicants (for US only): BURGER, Todd, 0.
`
`(81) Designated States (national): AE, AG, AL, AM, AT, AU,
`AZ, BA, BB, BG, BR, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CN, CR, CU, CZ,
`DE, DK, DM, DZ, EE, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, HR,
`HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KP, KR, KZ, LC, LS, LT,
`LU, LV, MA, MD, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MZ, NO, NZ,
`PL, PT, RO, RU, SD, SE, SG, SI, SK, SL, TJ, TM, TR, "IT,
`”[2, UA, UG, US, UZ, VN, YU, ZA, ZW.
`
`(84) Designated States (regional): ARIPO patent (GH, GM,
`KE, LS, MW, MZ, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, ZW), Eurasian
`patent (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM), European
`patent (AT, BE, CH, CY, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, IE,
`
`[Continued on next page]
`
`(54) Title: PORTABLE ELECTRONIC AUTHORIZATION SYSTEM AND ASSOCIATED METHOD
`
`
`
`
` till"
`M+WOPk
`SW5)
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`01/24123A1
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`(57) Abstract: In one embodiment an apparatus includes ahousing; a user authenticator, supported by the housing, that authenticates
`an identity of a user; at least one memory, supported by the housing, that stores transaction information for at least first and second
`media; and at least one output, supported by the housing, that releases at least a portion of the transaction information to a point—of—
`sale (POS) terminal after the user authenticator has authenticated the identity of the user. In another embodiment, a method involves
`steps of: storing transaction information for at least first and second media in a memory of a device; receiving as input a user’s
`0 selection of one of the at least first and second media; displaying a visual indication to the user regarding which of the at least first
`and second media has been selected; and transferring at least a portion of the transaction information from the device to a point—of—sale
`B
`(POS) terminal.
`
`
`
`
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`IT, LU, MC, NL, PT, SE), OAPI patent (BF, BJ, CF, CG,
`CI, CM, GA, GN, GW, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG).
`
`Published:
`
`fl With international search report.
`~ Before the expiration of the time limit for amending the
`claims and to be republished in the event of receipt of
`amendments.
`
`For two-letter codes and other abbreviations, refer to the "Guid-
`ance Notes on Codes andAbbreviations " appearing at the begin-
`ning ofeach regular issue of the PCT Gazette.
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`PORTABLE ELECTRONIC AUTHORIZATION SYSTEM AND ASSOCIATED METHOD
`
`RELATED APPLICATIONS
`
`This application claims the benefit of each of the following US. Provisional
`
`5
`
`Patent Applications: (1) Application Serial No. 60/156,356, filed September 28, 1999;
`
`(2) Application Serial No. 60/ 167,050, filed November 23, 1999; (3) Application Serial
`
`No. 60/184,425, filed February 23, 2000; and (4) Application Serial No. 60/217,542.
`
`filed July 12, 2000.
`
`10
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`15
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`The present inventions are directed to novel systems and methods for engaging in
`
`transactions involving financial and/or non-financial media.
`
`W
`
`People often times carry wallets with them when they engage in their day to day
`activities. A typical wallet is made of leather or other suitable material, and is generally
`a foldable structure that readily fits into a pocket or purse. A wallet typically includes a
`
`number of pockets, pouches, or the like for storing items such as a driver’s license, a
`
`social security card, identification cards, credit cards, debit cards, membership cards,
`
`20
`
`commuter passes, access tools, business cards, cash, coupons, event tickets,
`
`transportation tickets, frequent customer cards (e.g., a frequent flier card), medical
`information cards, receipts, photographs, etc.
`
`Wallets are frequently stolen, lost, or misplaced. When any of these events
`
`occurs, not only must the wallet itself be replaced, but all of the contents of the wallet
`
`25
`
`must be replaced as well. As anyone who has lost a wallet can testify, replacing the
`contents of a wallet can be cumbersome and expensive. In addition, if a wallet is stolen
`
`or if a lost wallet falls into the wrong hands, the contents of the wallet may be used to
`engage in unauthorized activities which financially detriment the wallet owner, as well as
`any banks, credit issuers, and/or other institutions that issued financial media to the
`wallet owner.
`
`30
`
`While the wallet owner is generally able to “cancel” financial media in such
`
`situations by contacting the respective financial media issuers, often times this is done
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`In
`too late, i.e., after one or more media have been exploited by the unauthorized user.
`some cases, the wallet owner may not recall all ofthe contents of the now stolen wallet,
`and so fail to report the theft of one or more items. Further, in addition to any cash
`contained in a lost or stolen wallet, many media issued by non-financial media issuers
`have a significant cash value, e.g., transportation tickets, event tickets, commuter passes,
`and the like, and therefore represent an immediate (and often times unrecoverable)
`financial loss to the wallet owner. Moreover, the misappropriation of media issued by
`non-financial media issuers that contain personal information, e.g., a drivers license,
`social security card, identification card, etc., present the opportunity for an unauthorized
`possessor of a wallet to engage in the practice known as “identity theft,” whereby the
`possessor may assume the identity ofthe wallet owner for various fraudulent purposes,
`e.g., using the assumed identity to obtain and exploit one or more new financial media.
`
`MIL/[WE
`According to one aspect of the present invention, an apparatus includes a
`housing; a user authenticator, supported by the housing, that authenticates an identity of
`a user; at least one memory, supported by the housing, that stores transaction information
`for at least first and second media; and at least one output, supported by the housing, that
`releases at least a portion of the transaction information to a point—of-sale (POS) terminal
`after the user authenticator has authenticated the identity of the user.
`According to another aspect of the present invention, a method involves steps of:
`(a) storing transaction information for at least first and second media in a memory of a
`device (b) using the device to authenticate an identity of a user; and (c) after
`authenticating the identity of the user with the device, transferring at least a portion of
`the transaction information from the device to a point-of-sale (POS) terminal.
`According to another aspect of the present invention, an apparatus includes: a
`housing; at least one memory, supported by the housing, that stores transaction
`information for at least one media; a user authenticator, supported by the housing, that
`authenticates an identity of a user of the apparatus; and at least one output, supported by
`the housing, that, after the user authenticator has authenticated the identity of the user,
`releases an embedded identification code of the apparatus from the housing that enables
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`a device receiving the embedded identification ID code to authenticate the identity of the
`
`apparatus.
`According to another aspect of the present invention, a method involves steps of:
`storing transaction information for at least one media in a memory of a first device; using
`the first device to authenticate an identity of a user; and after authenticating the identity
`of the user with the first device, releasing an embedded identification code of the
`apparatus from the housing that enables a second device receiving the embedded
`identification code to authenticate the identity of the first device.
`According to another aspect of the present invention, an apparatus includes: at
`least one memory that stores transaction information for at least first and second media;
`at least one input that enables a user to select one of the at least first and second media; a
`display that provides a visual indication to the user regarding which ofthe at least first
`and second media has been selected with the at least one input; and at least one output
`that selectively releases at least a portion ofthe transaction information to a point—of-sale
`
`(POS) terminal.
`According to another aspect of the present invention, a method involves steps of:
`storing transaction information for at least first and second media in a memory of a
`device; receiving as input a user’s selection of one of the at least first and second media;
`displaying a visual indication to the user regarding which of the at least first and second
`media has been selected; and transferring at least a portion of the transaction information
`
`from the device to a point-of-sale (POS) terminal.
`According to another aspect of the present invention, an apparatus includes: at
`least one memory that stores transaction information for at least one financial media and
`at least one non-financial media; and at least one output that selectively releases at least a
`portion of the transaction information to a point-of-sale (POS) terminal.
`According to another aspect of the present invention, a method involves steps of:
`storing transaction information for at least one financial media and at least one non-
`financial media in a memory of a device; and transferring at least a portion of the
`
`transaction information from the device to a point-of-sale (POS) terminal.
`
`According to another aspect of the present invention, a system includes: a
`housing; at least one memory, supported by the housing, that stores transaction
`information for at least one media; a device releasably attached to the housing; and
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`configuring means, supported by the housing, for selectively configuring the device to
`hold the transaction information so that the device may be used to engage in a transaction
`
`involving the at least one media.
`
`According to another aspect of the present invention, a method involves steps of:
`
`(a) storing transaction information for at least one media in a memory of a first device,
`the first device having a second device releasably attached thereto; (b) while the second
`
`device is attached to the first device, configuring the second device to hold the
`
`transaction information for the at least one media based on the contents of the memory;
`
`(c) detaching the second device from the first device; and (d) using the second device to
`
`10
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`15
`
`engage in a transaction involving the at least one media.
`According to another aspect of the present invention, a system includes: a first
`device including a user authenticator that authenticates an identity of a user; and a second
`
`device releasably attached to the first device, wherein the second device holds
`
`transaction information for at least one media so that the second device may be used to
`engage in a transaction involving the at least one media, and wherein the second device
`is detached from the first device after the user authenticator has authenticated the identity
`
`of the user.
`
`According to another aspect of the present invention, a method involves steps of:
`with a first device, authenticating an identity of a user; and after authenticating the
`
`20
`
`identity of a user with the first device, detaching a second device from the first device,
`the second device holding transaction information for at least one media so that the
`
`25
`
`second device may be used to engage in a transaction involving the at least one media.
`According to another aspect of the present invention, a system includes: a first
`device; a second device that has the first device releasably attached thereto, the second
`device including means for selectively configuring the first device to hold transaction
`information for a first media but not for a second media so that the first device may be
`used to engage in a transaction involving the first media but not the second media, and
`the second device further including means for selectively configuring the first device to
`
`hold transaction information for the second media but not for the first media so that the
`
`30
`
`first device may be used to engage in a transaction involving the second media but not
`
`the first media.
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`According to another aspect of the present invention, a method involves steps of:
`selectively configuring a device to hold transaction information for a first media but not
`for a second media so that the device may be used to engage in a transaction involving
`the first media but not the second media; and selectively configuring the device to hold
`transaction information for the second media but not the first media so that the device
`may be used to engage in a transaction involving the second media but not the first
`
`media.
`
`According to another aspect of the present invention, a system includes: at least
`one memory that stores first transaction information for a first media; at least one output
`that selectively releases at least a portion of the first transaction information to a point-
`of-sale (POS) terminal; and means for enabling a person to whom the first media is
`issued to selectively add second transaction information for a second media to the
`
`memory.
`According to another aspect of the present invention, a method involves steps of:
`storing first transaction information for a first media in a memory of a device; releasing
`at least a portion of the first transaction information to a point-of—sale (POS) terminal;
`and in response to a request by the person to whom the first transaction information is
`issued, adding second transaction information for a second media to the memory.
`According to another aspect of the present invention, a system includes: at least
`one memory that stores first transaction information for a first media and second
`transaction information for a second media; at least one output that selectively releases at
`least a portion of the first transaction information to a point-of—sale (POS) terminal; and
`means for enabling a person to whom the first media is issued to selectively remove at
`
`least a portion of the second transaction information from the memory.
`According to another aspect of the present invention, a method involves steps of:
`storing first transaction information for a first media and second transaction information
`for a second media in a memory of a device; releasing at least a portion of the first
`
`transaction information to a point-of-sale (POS) terminal; and, in response to a request
`by the person to whom the second media is issued, removing at least a portion of the
`
`second transaction information from the memory.
`According to another aspect of the present invention, a system includes: at least
`one memory that stores transaction information for at least one media; at least one output
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`that selectively releases at least a portion of the transaction information to a point-of—sale
`
`(POS) terminal; and means for enabling at least one functional characteristic of the at
`
`least one media to be altered by altering the contents of the least one memory.
`
`According to another aspect of the present invention, a method involves: storing
`
`5
`
`transaction information for at least one media in a memory of a device; releasing at least
`
`a portion of the transaction information to a point—of—sale (POS) terminal; and altering at
`
`least one functional characteristic of the at least one media by altering the contents of the
`
`least one memory.
`
`According to another aspect of the present invention, an apparatus includes: a
`
`10
`
`housing; a user authenticator, supported by the housing, that authenticates an identity of
`
`a user; at least one memory that, supported by the housing, stores first transaction
`
`information for a first media and second transaction information for a second media; and
`
`at least one output, supported by the housing, that releases the first transaction
`
`information only after the user authenticator has authenticated the identity of the user,
`
`15
`
`and that releases the second information without requiring the user authenticator to have
`
`authenticated the identity of the user.
`
`According to another aspect of the present invention, a method involves steps of:
`
`storing first transaction information for a first media and second transaction information
`
`for a second media in at least one memory of a device; using the device to authenticate
`
`20
`
`an identity of a user; releasing the first transaction information only after the identity of
`
`the user has been authenticated; and releasing the second transaction information without
`
`requiring the identity of the user to be authenticated.
`
`According to another aspect of the present invention, a system includes: a first
`
`device; and a second device having the first device releasably attached thereto such that,
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`25
`
`when the first device is attached to the second device, the second device causes the first
`
`device to generate a machine—readable code for only a predetermined, finite period of
`
`time after the first device is detached from the second device.
`
`According to another aspect of the present invention, a method involves a step of
`
`generating a machine—readable code on a device for only a predetermined, finite period
`
`30
`
`of time.
`
`According to another aspect of the present invention, an apparatus includes: a
`
`portable substrate; a power supply supported by the substrate; and at least one controller
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`supported by the substrate and powered by the power supply, the at least one controller
`
`being configured to generate a simulated magnetic stripe on the substrate.
`
`According to another aspect of the present invention, an method involves a step
`
`of generating a simulated magnetic stripe on a portable device.
`
`According to another aspect of the present invention, a system includes: at least
`
`one memory that stores transaction information for at least one media; a user
`
`authenticator that authenticates an identity of the user; and a display that provides a
`
`visual indication to the user regarding the at least one media, the visual indication being
`
`displayed for only a predetermined, finite period of time after the user authenticator has
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`10
`
`authenticated the identity of the user.
`
`According to another aspect of the present invention, a method involves steps of:
`
`authenticating an identity of a user; and displaying a visual indication to the user
`
`regarding the at least one media for only a predetermined, finite period of time after
`
`authenticating the identity of the user.
`
`According to another aspect of the present invention, a system includes a portable
`
`device that can be used to engage in point—of-sale (POS) transactions; and a device
`
`remote from the portable device, that can disable an ability of the portable device to
`
`engage in POS transactions.
`
`According to another aspect of the present invention, a method involves steps of:
`
`providing a portable device that can be used to engage in point-of-sale transactions; and
`
`at a location remote from the portable device, disabling an ability of the portable device
`
`to engage in POS transactions.
`
`According to another aspect of the present invention, a method involves steps of:
`
`storing transaction authorization information for at least two media in a first memory of a
`
`first device; and storing the transaction authorization information for the at least two
`
`media in a second memory, which is disposed at a location remote from the first device.
`
`According to another aspect of the present invention, a system includes: a first
`
`device; and a second device having the first device releasably attached thereto such that,
`
`when the first device is attached to the second device, the second device can cause the
`
`first device to generate a machine-readable code after the first device is detached from
`
`the second device, the second device including at least one controller configured so as to
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`be capable of causing the first device to generate the machine-readable code only for a
`
`finite, predetermined period of time.
`
`According to another aspect of the present invention, a method involves a step of
`
`configuring a first device such that the first device is capable, for only a predetermined,
`
`finite period of time, of generating a machine-readable code on a second device.
`
`According to another aspect of the present invention, a method involves steps of:
`
`receiving information at a first device that has been transmitted over an electronic
`
`communication link; and after receiving the information at the first device, using a media
`
`at the first device to access a quantity of credit or cash reserves that could not be
`
`accessed prior to the first device receiving the information.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a network system in which a
`
`portable electronic authorization device (also referred to herein as a “Pocket Vault”) may
`
`be employed according to one embodiment of the invention;
`
`Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing an illustrative embodiment of the Pocket Vault
`
`shown in Fig. 1;
`
`Fig. 3 is a block diagram showing an illustrative embodiment of one of the
`
`interface stations shown in Fig. 1;
`
`Fig. 4 is a block diagram showing an illustrative embodiment of the network
`
`server(s) shown in Fig. 1;
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`Fig. 5 is a diagram showing an example of how the memory of the Pocket Vault
`
`shown in Fig. 2 may be configured in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;
`
`Fig. 6 is a block diagram showing an illustrative embodiment of the card
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`associated with the Pocket Vault shown in Fig. 2;
`
`Fig. 7 is a flow diagram illustrating a primary routine that may be executed by the
`
`controller of the Pocket Vault shown in Fig. 2;
`
`Fig. 8 is a flow diagram illustrating an example implementation of the PROCESS
`
`FINGERPRINT STORAGE routine shown in Fig. 7;
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`
`Fig. 9 is a flow diagram illustrating an example implementation of the
`
`UNAUTHORIZED HOLDER routine shown in Fig. 7;
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`Fig. 10 is a flow diagram illustrating an example implementation of the
`
`AUTHORIZED HOLDER routine shown in Fig. 7;
`
`Fig. 11 is a flow diagram illustrating an example implementation of the
`
`PROCESS CARD TRANSACTION routine shown in Fig. 10;
`
`Fig. 12 is a flow diagram illustrating an example implementation of the VERIFY
`
`CARD RETURN routine shown in Fig. 7;
`
`Fig. 13 is a flow diagram illustrating an example implementation of a primary
`
`routine that may be executed by the controller of the pocket vault interface unit shown in
`
`Fig. 3;
`
`Fig. 14 is a flow diagram illustrating an example implementation of a primary
`
`routine that may be executed by the controller of the interface station computer shown in
`
`Fig. 3;
`
`Fig. 15 is a flow diagram illustrating an example implementation of the
`
`PROCESS REQUEST TO VALIDATE POCKET VAULT routine shown in Fig. 14;
`
`Fig. 16 is a flow diagram illustrating an example implementation of the
`
`PROCESS REQUEST TO UPDATE INFO ON POCKET VAULT routine shown in Fig.
`
`14;
`
`Fig. 17 is a flow diagram illustrating an example implementation of the
`
`PROCESS REQUEST TO AUTHORIZE TRANSACTION routine in Fig. 14;
`
`Fig. 18 is a flow diagram illustrating an example implementation of the
`
`PROCESS UNSUCCESSFUL OPERATOR AUTHENTICATION routine shown in Fig.
`
`14;
`
`Fig. 19 is a flow diagram illustrating an example implementation of a primary
`
`routine that may be executed by the controller(s) of the network server(s) shown in Fig.
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`4;
`
`Fig. 20 is a flow diagram illustrating an example implementation of the
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`PROCESS REQUEST TO REGISTER NEW POCKET VAULT HOLDER routine
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`shown in Fig. 19;
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`Fig. 21 is a flow diagram illustrating an example implementation of the
`PROCESS REQUEST BY MEDIA ‘ISSUER/ADVERTISER TO UPDATE NETWORK
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`SERVER routine shown in Fig. 19;
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`Fig. 22 is a flow diagram illustrating an example implementation of the
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`PROCESS REQUEST TO UPDATE INFO ON POCKET VAULT routine shown in Fig.
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`19;
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`Fig. 23 is a flow diagram illustrating an example implementation of the
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`PROCESS REQUEST FROM HOLDER TO LOAD NEW FILE ONTO NETWORK
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`SERVER routine shown in Fig. 19;
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`Fig. 24 is a flow diagram illustrating an example implementation of the
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`PROCESS REQUEST TO AUTHORIZE TRANSACTION routine shown in Fig. 19;
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`Fig. 25 is a flow diagram illustrating an example implementation of the
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`AUTHORIZED POCKET VAULT USE? routine shown in each of Figs. 20, 22, and 24;
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`and
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`Figs 26a-26p are illustrations of the portable electronic authorization device, as
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`well as the token associated therewith, as these items may appear when in use.
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`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
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`A new method and system for producing, distributing, storing, and using the
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`typical contents of an individual’s wallet is disclosed herein. Essentially, the system may
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`enable individuals to replace nearly all of the paper and plastic contents of their wallets
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`with a single, hand—held portable electronic authorization device. The system may
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`include the portable electronic authorization devices, removable morphing tokens
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`associated with such devices, associated computer peripherals, software and certain
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`network capabilities. As a whole, the system may eliminate virtually all of the
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`distribution costs and security concerns associated with paper and plastic media.
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`Because the device may incorporate many different media that are commonly
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`stored in a person’s wallet, possibly including both financial and non-financial media, it
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`is much more than a simple point-of-sale (POS) device. Therefore, the device may be
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`more appropriately referred to as a multi—purpose, “point-of—transaction” device. In any
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`situation of presentment, whether for purposes such as building security, demonstrating
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`membership or using credit or debit capacity, the system is designed to perform tasks
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`more safely, securely and with greater ease than is possible with prior art systems.
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`Further, while certain computer technologies are involved, the preferred embodiment is
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`such that some people may barely recognize it as a computer, seeing instead a more
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`comfortable to carry, easier-to-use, safer and more securely packaged means of
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`transporting typical wallet contents.
`The system’s business model may comprise an independent organization acting
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`as a media—neutral multi—service provider of other issuers’ various financial and non-
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`financial media, that also may enable individuals and retailers to add or create their own
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`secure (and where appropriate, non—secure media) using a device with a self-contained
`set of authentication security features, which may even be password-free. This device
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`may operate over existing financial transaction networks, while also having links to a
`highly secure network system for certain functionality. The self-contained authentication
`functionality of the device itself ensures privacy, while providing sufficient
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`accountability/traceability to satisfy law enforcement concerns.
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`A network system 100 configured according to one illustrative embodiment of
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`the invention is shown in Fig. 1. As shown, the network system 100 may include a
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`portable electronic authorization device 102 (alternatively referred to herein as a “Pocket
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`Vault”) and an associated token 102a (alternatively referred to herein as a “Chameleon
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`Card”). Each person desiring to use the network system 100 may possess his or her own
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`Pocket Vault 102 and associated token 102a. Some individuals may choose to own
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`multiple Pocket Vaults or Chameleon Cards. The system and software therefore may
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`accommodate the use of multiple Pocket Vaults and multiple Chameleon Cards by one
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`individual.
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`Referring to Fig. 1, in addition to the Pocket Vault 102, the network system 100
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`may include one or more network servers 114 to which various other network
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`components are coupled. Although multiple, load-sharing network servers 114 may be
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`employed in a typical application, the network server(s) 114 will hereinafter, for
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`convenience, be referred to as a single network server 114. Coupled to the network
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`server 114 are: several different types of interface stations 104 (i.e., a validation interface
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`station 104a , a personal interface station 104b, and a commercial interface station 1040),
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`one or more commercial card readers 106, one or more commercial bar code readers 107,
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`and several computers 108, 110, and 112 operated by one or more advertisers, non-
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`financial media issuers, and financial media issuers, respectively. The structure and
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`functionality of each of the components of the network system 100 in accordance with
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`one illustrative embodiment of the invention are described below.
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`As shown in Fig. l, the network server 114 may form the hub of the network
`system 100, with each of the interface stations 104, the commercial card reader 106, the
`commercial bar code reader 107, and the computers 108, 110, and 112 being coupled
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`thereto. As discussed in more detail below, the network server 114 may therefore serve
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`as: (1) a repository of information for the network, (2) the entity that controls access to
`the stored information by the other network devices, and (3) a service provider for
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`financial and non-financial media issuers, advertisers, as well as Pocket Vault holders.
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`Any of a number of techniques may be used to interconnect the various elements
`of the network system 100, and the invention is not limited to any particular networking
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`10
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`technique. In one illustrative embodiment, for example, the network server 114 is
`coupled to the other elements in the network system 100 via the Internet or similar
`packet-switched communication system. Alternatively, dedicated or selectively
`established (e.g., using a dial-up modem) communication channels or time slots thereof
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`may be employed between the respective devices. The connections between the
`network devices may be either hardwired (including fiber optic connections) or wireless
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`(e.g., infrared (IR) or radio frequency (RF) links).
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`As shown in Fig. 1, the Pocket Vault 10