(12) United States Patent
`Fallon
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 9,054,728 B2
`*Jun. 9, 2015
`
`US009054728B2
`
`(*) Notice:
`
`(54) DATA COMPRESSION SYSTEMS AND
`METHODS
`(71) Applicant: Realtime Data, LLC, Armonk, NY (US)
`(72) Inventor: James J. Fallon, Armonk, NY (US)
`(73) Assignee: REALTIME DATA, LLC, Armonk, NY DE
`(US)
`EP
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`This patent is subject to a terminal dis-
`claimer.
`(21) Appl. No.: 14/495,574
`(22) Filed:
`Sep. 24, 2014
`(65)
`Prior Publication Data
`US 2015/0009051A1
`Jan. 8, 2015
`Related U.S. Application Data
`(63) Continuation of application No. 14/251,453, filed on
`Apr. 11, 2014, now Pat. No. 8,933,825, which is a
`(Continued)
`
`3,490,690 A
`
`1/1970 Apple et al.
`(Continued)
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`4127518
`2/1992
`() 164677
`12/1985
`(Continued)
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`Conferencing Standards: NetMeeting 2.1 Resource Kit: Microsoft
`TechNet,
`technet.microsoft.com/--us/library/cc767150(printer).
`aspx; accessed Dec. 2, 2008, 14 pgs.
`(Continued)
`
`Primary Examiner – Linh Nguyen
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm – Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein
`& Fox, P.L.L.C.
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`Data compression using a combination of content indepen
`dent data compression and content dependent data compres
`sion. In one aspect, a system for compressing data comprises:
`a processor; one or more content dependent data compression
`encoders; and a single data compression encoder. The pro
`cessor is configured to analyze data within a data block to
`identify one or more parameters or attributes of the data
`wherein the analyzing of the data within the data block to
`identify the one or more parameters or attributes of the data
`excludes analyzing based solely on a descriptor that is indica
`tive of the one or more parameters or attributes of the data
`within the data block; to perform content dependent data
`compression with the one or more content dependent data
`compression if the one or more parameters or attributes of the
`data are identified; and to perform data compression with the
`single data compression encoder, if the one or more param
`eters or attributes of the data are not identified.
`
`25 Claims, 34 Drawing Sheets
`
`Content Dependent Encoders
`Encode:BT
`Fºll-A
`
`
`
`
`
`H
`Content
`Dependent
`Data
`Recognition
`
`Content independent
`£mºd?š
`Encode? 51.
`
`
`
`Algorithm(s)
`
`(51) Int. Cl.
`H03M 7/34
`H03M 7/36)
`G06T 9/00
`(52) U.S. CI.
`CPC ............... H03M 7/3059 (2013.01); G06T 9/00
`(2013.01); H03M 7/30 (2013.01)
`(58) Field of Classification Search
`CPC ... H03M 7/30; HO3M 7/3059: HO3M 7/3086:
`H03M 7/3088; H03M 7/48; H03M 7/3084;
`H03M 7/40: H03M 13/091
`USPC ........................................ 341/65, 67, 87, 107
`See application file for complete search history.
`References Cited
`
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`
`(56)
`
`|U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`3,394,352 A
`
`7/1968 Wernikoff et al.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Çcuriter
`
`Page 1
`
`Commvault Ex. 1001
`Commvault v. Realtime
`US Patent No. 9,054,728
`
`

`

`US 9,054,728 B2
`Page 2
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`continuation of application No. 14/035,561, filed on
`Sep. 24, 2013, now Pat. No. 8,717,203, which is a
`continuation of application No. 13/154,211, filed on
`Jun. 6, 2011, now Pat. No. 8,643,513, which is a con
`tinuation of application No. 12/703,042, filed on Feb.
`9, 2010, now Pat. No. 8,502,707, which is a continu
`ation of application No. 1 1/651,366, filed on Jan. 8,
`2007, now abandoned, and a continuation of applica
`tion No. 11/651,365, filed on Jan. 8, 2007, now Pat.
`No. 7,714,747, which is a continuation of application
`No. 10/668,768, filed on Sep. 22, 2003, now Pat. No.
`7,161,506, said application No. 1 1/651,366 is a con
`tinuation of application No. 10/668,768, which is a
`continuation of application No. 10/016,355, filed on
`Oct. 29, 2001, now Pat. No. 6,624,761, which is a
`continuation-in-part of application No. 09/705,446,
`filed on Nov. 3, 2000, now Pat. No. 6,309,424, which is
`a continuation of application No. 09/210,491, filed on
`Dec. 11, 1998, now Pat. No. 6,195,024.
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`|U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`4,021,782
`4,032,893
`4,054,951
`4,127,518
`4,302.775
`4.325,085
`4,360,840
`4,386,416
`4,394,774
`4,464,650
`4,494,108
`4,499.499
`4,574,351
`4,593,324
`4,626,829
`4,646,061
`4,682,150
`4,701,745
`4,729,020
`4,730,348
`4,745,559
`4,748,638
`4,750,135
`4,754,351
`4,804,959
`4,813,040
`4,814,746
`4,862,167
`4,866,601
`4,870,415
`4,872,009
`4,876,541
`4,888,812
`4,890.282
`4,897,717
`4,906,991
`4,906,995
`4,929.946
`4,953,324
`4,956,808
`4,965,675
`4,988,998
`5,003,307
`5,016,009
`5,027,376
`5,028,922
`5,045,848
`5,045,852
`5,046,027
`
`5/1977
`6/1977
`10/1977
`1 1/1978
`11/1981
`4/1982
`11/1982
`5/1983
`7/1983
`8/1984
`1/1985
`2/1985
`3/1986
`6/1986
`12/1986
`2/1987
`7/1987
`10/1987
`3/1988
`3/1988
`5/1988
`5/1988
`6/1988
`6/1988
`2/1989
`3/1989
`3/1989
`8/1989
`9/1989
`9/1989
`10/1989
`10/1989
`12/1989
`12/1989
`1/1990
`3/1990
`3/1990
`5/1990
`9/1990
`9/1990
`10/1990
`1/1991
`3/1991
`5/1991
`6/1991
`7/1991
`9/1991
`9/1991
`9/1991
`
`Hoerning
`Moran
`Jackson et al.
`Coy et al.
`Widergren et al.
`Gooch
`Wolfrun et al.
`Giltner et al.
`Widergren et al.
`Eastman
`Langdon, Jr. et al.
`Brickman et al.
`Dang et al.
`Ohkubo et al.
`Hauck
`Bledsoe
`Mathes et al.
`Waterworth
`Schaphorst et al.
`MacCrisken
`Willis et al.
`Friedman et al.
`Boilen
`Wright
`Makansi et al.
`Futato
`Miller et al.
`Copeland, III
`Dulac et al.
`Van Maren et al.
`Tsukiyama et al.
`Storer
`Dinan et al.
`Lambert et al.
`Hamilton et al.
`Fiala et al.
`Swanson
`O’Brien et al.
`Herrmann
`Aakre et al.
`Hori et al.
`O’Brien
`Whiting et al.
`Whiting et al.
`Friedman et al.
`Huang
`Fascenda
`Mitchell et al.
`Taaffe et al.
`
`5,049,881
`5,079,630
`5,091,782
`5,097,261
`5,103,306
`5,109,226
`5,109,433
`5,109,451
`5,113,522
`5,115,309
`5,121,342
`5,126,739
`5,128,963
`5,132,992
`5,146,221
`5,150,430
`5,155,484
`5,159,336
`5,167,034
`5,175,543
`5,179,651
`5,187,793
`5,191,431
`5,204,756
`5,209.220
`5,212,742
`5,226,176
`5,227,893
`5,231,492
`5,237,460
`5,237,675
`5,243,341
`5,243,348
`5,247,638
`5,247,646
`5,249,053
`5,263,168
`5,267,333
`5,270,832
`5,280,600
`5,287,420
`5,289,580
`5,293,379
`5,293,576
`5,307.497
`5,309,555
`5,319,682
`5,331,425
`5,341,440
`5,347,600
`5,353,132
`5,354,315
`5,355.498
`5,357,614
`5,367,629
`5,373,290
`5,374,916
`5,379,036
`5,379,757
`5,381,145
`5,389,922
`5,394,534
`5,396,228
`5,400,401
`5,403,639
`5,406,278
`5,406.279
`5,410,671
`5,412,384
`5,414,850
`5,420,639
`5.434,983
`5,437,020
`5,452,287
`5,454,079
`5,454,107
`5,455,576
`5,455,578
`5,455,680
`
`9/1991
`1/1992
`2/1992
`3/1992
`4/1992
`4/1992
`4/1992
`4/1992
`5/1992
`5/1992
`6/1992
`6/1992
`7/1992
`7/1992
`9/1992
`9/1992
`10/1992
`10/1992
`1 1/1992
`12/1992
`1/1993
`2/1993
`3/1993
`4/1993
`5/1993
`5/1993
`7/1993
`7/1993
`7/1993
`8/1993
`8/1993
`9/1993
`9/1993
`9/1993
`9/1993
`9/1993
`1 1/1993
`1 1/1993
`12/1993
`1/1994
`2/1994
`2/1994
`3/1994
`3/1994
`4/1994
`5/1994
`6/1994
`7/1994
`8/1994
`9/1994
`10/1994
`10/1994
`10/1994
`10/1994
`11/1994
`12/1994
`12/1994
`1/1995
`1/1995
`1/1995
`2/1995
`2/1995
`3/1995
`3/1995
`4/1995
`4/1995
`4/1995
`4/1995
`5/1995
`5/1995
`5/1995
`7/1995
`7/1995
`9/1995
`9/1995
`9/1995
`10/1995
`10/1995
`10/1995
`
`Gibson et al.
`Golin
`Krause et al.
`Langdon, Jr. et al.
`Weiman
`MacLean, Jr. et al.
`Notenboom
`Aono et al.
`Dinwiddie, Jr. et al.
`Hang
`Szymborski
`Whiting et al.
`Akagiri
`Yurt et al.
`Whiting et al.
`Chu
`Chambers, IV
`Rabin et al.
`MacLean, Jr. et al.
`Lantz
`Taaffe et al.
`Keith et al.
`Hasegawa et al.
`Chevion et al.
`Hiyama et al.
`Normile et al.
`Westaway et al.
`Ett
`Dangi et al.
`Miller et al.
`Hannon, Jr.
`Seroussi et al.
`Jackson
`O’Brien et al.
`Osterlund et al.
`Jain
`Toms et al.
`Aono
`Balkanski et al.
`Van Maren et al.
`Barrett
`Latif et al.
`Carr
`Mihm, Jr. et al.
`Feigenbaum et al.
`Akins et al.
`Clark
`Ozaki et al.
`Earl et al.
`Barnsley et al.
`Katsuma
`Armstrong
`Provino et al.
`Pattisam et al.
`Chu et al.
`Lempel et al.
`Chu
`Storer
`Hiyama et al.
`Allen et al.
`Seroussi et al.
`Kulakowski et al.
`Garahi
`Wasilewski et al.
`Belsan et al.
`Graybill et al.
`Anderson et al.
`Elgamal et al.
`Chang et al.
`Whiting
`Perkins
`Yaso et al.
`Wells et al.
`Dicecco et al.
`Roper et al.
`Lehman et al.
`Clark, II et al.
`Bhandari
`Shin
`
`Page 2
`
`

`

`US 9,054,728 B2
`
`Page 3
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`5,461,679
`5,463,390
`5,467,087
`5,471,206
`5,475,388
`5,479,587
`5,479,633
`5,483,470
`5,486,826
`5,488,364
`5,488,365
`5,495,244
`5,504,842
`5,506,844
`5,506,872
`5,506,944
`5,521,940
`5,528,628
`5,530,845
`5,533,051
`5,535,311
`5,535,356
`5,535,369
`5,537,658
`5,539,865
`5,542,031
`5,544,290
`5,546,395
`5,546,475
`5,553,160
`5,557,551
`5,557,668
`5,557,749
`5,561,421
`5,561,824
`5,563,961
`5,574,952
`5,574,953
`5,576,953
`5,577,248
`5,581,715
`5,583,500
`5,586,264
`5,586,285
`5,590,306
`5,596,674
`5,598,388
`5,604,824
`5,606,706
`5,610,657
`5,611,024
`5,612,788
`5,613,069
`5,615,017
`5,615,287
`5,619,995
`5,621,820
`5,623,623
`5,623,701
`5,627,534
`5,627,995
`5,629,732
`5,630,092
`5,635,632
`5,635,932
`5,638,498
`5,640,158
`5,642,506
`5,649,032
`5,652,795
`5,652,857
`5,652,917
`5,654,703
`5,655,138
`5,666,560
`
`>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
`
`10/1995
`10/1995
`11/1995
`11/1995
`12/1995
`12/1995
`12/1995
`1/1996
`1/1996
`1/1996
`1/1996
`2/1996
`4/1996
`4/1996
`4/1996
`4/1996
`5/1996
`6/1996
`6/1996
`7/1996
`7/1996
`7/1996
`7/1996
`7/1996
`7/1996
`7/1996
`8/1996
`8/1996
`8/1996
`9/1996
`9/1996
`9/1996
`9/1996
`10/1996
`10/1996
`10/1996
`11/1996
`11/1996
`11/1996
`11/1996
`12/1996
`12/1996
`12/1996
`12/1996
`12/1996
`1/1997
`1/1997
`2/1997
`2/1997
`3/1997
`3/1997
`3/1997
`3/1997
`3/1997
`3/1997
`4/1997
`4/1997
`4/1997
`4/1997
`5/1997
`5/1997
`5/1997
`5/1997
`6/1997
`6/1997
`6/1997
`6/1997
`6/1997
`7/1997
`7/1997
`7/1997
`7/1997
`8/1997
`8/1997
`9/1997
`
`Normile et a1.
`Whiting et al.
`Chu
`Allen et a1.
`Gormish et al.
`Campbell et al.
`Wells et a1.
`Alur et a1.
`Remillard
`Cole
`Seroussi et al.
`Jeong et al.
`Gentile
`Rao
`Mohler
`Gentile
`Lane et al.
`Park et al.
`Hiatt et al.
`James
`Zimmerman
`Kim et al.
`Wells et a1.
`Bakke et al.
`Gentile
`Douglass et a1.
`Gentile
`Sharma et al.
`Bolle et al.
`Dawson
`Craft
`Brady
`Norris
`Smith et al.
`Carreiro et a1.
`Rynderman et al.
`Brady et al.
`Rust et al.
`Hugentobler
`Chambers, IV
`Verinsky et al.
`Allen et a1.
`Belknap et a1.
`Hasbun et a1.
`Watanabe et al.
`Bhandari et a1.
`Van Maren et a1.
`Chui et al.
`Takamoto et al.
`Zhang
`Campbell et al.
`Stone
`Walker
`Choi
`Fu et al.
`Lobodzinski
`Rynderman et al.
`Kim et al.
`Bakke et al.
`Craft
`Miller et al.
`Moskowitz et al.
`Carreiro et a1.
`Fay et al.
`Shinagawa et a1.
`Tyler et al.
`Okayama et al.
`Lee
`Burt et al.
`Dillon et al.
`Shimoi et al.
`Maupin et al.
`Clark, 11
`Kikinis
`Moertl et al.
`
`5,668,737
`5,671,355
`5,671,389
`5,671,413
`5,673,370
`5,675,333
`5,675,789
`5,686,916
`5,692,159
`5,694,619
`5,696,927
`5,703,793
`5,708,511
`5,715,477
`5,717,393
`5,717,394
`5,719,862
`5,721,958
`5,724,475
`5,729,228
`5,740,395
`5,742,773
`5,748,122
`5,748,904
`5,757,852
`5,764,774
`5,765,027
`5,767,898
`5,768,445
`5,768,525
`5,771,340
`5,774,715
`5,778,411
`5,781,767
`5,784,572
`5,784,631
`5,787,487
`5,794,229
`5,796,864
`5,799,110
`5,805,834
`5,805,932
`5,807,036
`5,808,660
`5,809,176
`5,809,299
`5,809,337
`5,812,195
`5,812,789
`5,812,883
`5,818,368
`5,818,369
`5,819,215
`5,822,781
`5,825,424
`5,825,830
`5,832,037
`5,832,126
`5,832,443
`5,835,788
`5,836,003
`5,838,821
`5,838,927
`5,838,996
`5,839,100
`5,841,979
`5,847,762
`5,850,565
`5,856,797
`5,861,824
`5,861,920
`5,864,342
`5,864,678
`5,867,167
`5,867,602
`5,870,036
`5,870,087
`5,872,530
`5,874,907
`
`>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
`
`9/1997
`9/1997
`9/1997
`9/1997
`9/1997
`10/1997
`10/1997
`11/1997
`11/1997
`12/1997
`12/1997
`12/1997
`1/1998
`2/1998
`2/1998
`2/1998
`2/1998
`2/1998
`3/1998
`3/1998
`4/1998
`4/1998
`5/1998
`5/1998
`5/1998
`6/1998
`6/1998
`6/1998
`6/1998
`6/1998
`6/1998
`6/1998
`7/1998
`7/1998
`7/1998
`7/1998
`7/1998
`8/1998
`8/1998
`8/1998
`9/1998
`9/1998
`9/1998
`9/1998
`9/1998
`9/1998
`9/1998
`9/1998
`9/1998
`9/1998
`10/1998
`10/1998
`10/1998
`10/1998
`10/1998
`10/1998
`11/1998
`11/1998
`11/1998
`11/1998
`11/1998
`11/1998
`11/1998
`11/1998
`11/1998
`11/1998
`12/1998
`12/1998
`1/1999
`1/1999
`1/1999
`1/1999
`1/1999
`2/1999
`2/1999
`2/1999
`2/1999
`2/1999
`2/1999
`
`Iler
`Collins
`Saliba
`Shipman et al.
`Laney
`Boursier et al.
`Ishii et a1.
`Bakhmutsky
`Shand
`Konno
`MacDonald et a1.
`Wise et a1.
`Gandhi et a1.
`Kikinis
`Nakano et al.
`Schwartz et al.
`Lee et al.
`Kikinis
`Kirsten
`Franaszek et al.
`Wells et a1.
`Blomfield-Brown et al.
`Shinagawa et a1.
`............. 341/67
`Huang et al.
`JericeVic et al.
`Liu
`Wang et al.
`Urano et a1.
`Troeller et a1.
`Kralowetz et al.
`Nakazato et al.
`Madany et al.
`DeMoss et al.
`Inoue et al.
`Ro stoker et al.
`Wise ............................. 382/246
`Hashimoto et a1.
`French et al.
`Callahan
`Israelsen et al.
`McKinley et al.
`Kawashima et al.
`Lostlen
`Sekine et al.
`Yajima
`Cloutier et a1.
`Hannah et al.
`Zhang
`Diaz et al.
`Rao
`Langley
`Withers
`Dobson et al.
`Wells et a1.
`Canfield et al.
`Kopf ............................. 375/340
`Park
`Tanaka
`Kolesnik et a1.
`Blumer et al.
`Sadeh ............................. 341/51
`Matsubara et al.
`Gillon
`deCarmo
`Wegener
`Schulhof et a1.
`Canfield et al.
`Wightman
`Kawauchi
`Ryu et al.
`Mead et al.
`Kajiya et al.
`Riddle
`Deering
`Zandi et al.
`Franaszek et al.
`Chau
`Domyo et al.
`Craft
`
`Page 3
`
`Page 3
`
`

`

`US 9,054,728 B2
`Page 4
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`|U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`3/1999 Akahane
`5,881,104 A
`3/1999 Narita et al.
`5,883,975 A
`3/1999 Cellier et al.
`5,884,269 A
`3/1999 Rust
`5,886,655 A
`3/1999 Martel et al.
`5,887,165 A
`3/1999 Dobbek
`5,889,961 A
`4/1999 Johnson
`5,892,847. A
`5/1999 Kurihara et al.
`5,901,278 A
`5/1999 Albert et al.
`5,907,801 A
`6/1999 Betker et al.
`5,909,557. A
`6/1999 SO
`5,909.559 A.
`6/1999 Vondran, Jr. et al.
`5915.076 A.
`61999 Ando"
`5917.438 A
`6/1999 Shafe
`5918068 A
`6/1999 White et al.
`5,918,225. A
`7/1999 Rentschler et al.
`5,920,326 A
`7/1999 Olarig
`5,923,860 A
`7/1999 Rao
`5,930,358 A
`8/1999 Torborg, Jr. et al.
`5,936,616 A
`8/1999 Smallcomb et al.
`5,938,737 A
`8/1999 Marberg
`5,943,692 A
`8/1999 Kalkstein
`5,945,933 A
`5,949,355 A * 9/1999 Panaoussis ...................... 341/51
`5,949,968 A
`9/1999 Gentile
`5,951,623 A
`9/1999 Reynar et al.
`5,955,976 A.
`9/1999 Heath
`5,956,490 A
`9/1999 Buchholz et al.
`5,960,465. A
`9/1999 Adams
`5,964,842 A 10/1999 Packard
`5,968,149 A 10/1999 Jaquette et al.
`5,969,927. A 10/1999 Schirmer et al.
`5,973,630 A 10/1999 Heath
`5,974,235 A
`10/1999 Nunally et al.
`5,974,387 A 10/1999 Kageyama
`5,974,471 A 10/1999 Belt
`5,978.483. A 11/1999 Thompson, Jr. et al.
`5,982,360 A 11/1999 Wu et al.
`5,982.723 A 11/1999 Kamatani
`5985.937 A.
`iii.999 Accad
`5,987,022 A 11/1999 Geiger et al.
`5,987,590 A
`11/1999 Wing So
`5.990,884 A 11/1999 Douma et al.
`5,991,515 A 11/1999 Fall et al.
`5.996,033 A 11/1999 Chiu-Hao
`9,877.432
`11/1999 Zusman et al.
`6,000,009 A 12/1999 Brady
`6,002,411 A 12/1999 Dye
`6,003,115 A 12/1999 Spear et al.
`6,008,743 A 12/1999 Jaquette
`6,009,491 A 12/1999 Roppel et al.
`6,011.901 A
`1/2000 Kirsten
`6,014.694 A
`1/2000 Aharoni et al.
`6,021.433 A
`2/2000 Payne
`6,023,755 A
`2/2000 Casselman
`6,026,217 A
`2/2000 Adiletta
`6,028,725 A
`2/2000 Blumenau
`6,031,939 A
`2/2000 Gilbert et al.
`6,032,148 A
`2/2000 Wilkes
`6,032,197 A
`2/2000 Birdwell et al.
`6,038,346 A
`3/2000 Ratnakar
`6,057,790 A * 5/2000 Igata et al. ...................... 34.1/95
`6,058,459 A
`5/2000 Owen et al.
`6,061,398 A
`5/2000 Satoh et al.
`6,061.473 A
`5/2000 Chen et al.
`6,070,179 A
`5/2000 Craft
`6,073,232 A
`6/2000 Kroeker et al.
`6,075,470 A
`6/2000 Little et al.
`6,078,958 A
`6/2000 Echeita et al.
`6,091,777 A
`7/2000 Guetz et al.
`6,092,123 A
`7/2000 Steffan et al.
`6,094,634 A.
`7/2000 Yahagi et al.
`6,097.520 A
`8/2000 Kadnier
`6,097.845 A
`8/2000 Ng et al.
`6,098,114 A
`8/2000 McDonald et al.
`6,104,389 A
`8/2000 Ando
`
`8/2000 Wu et al.
`6,105,130 A
`9/2000 Parzych
`6,115,384 A
`6,128,412 A 10/2000 Satoh
`6,134,631 A 10/2000 Jennings, III
`6,141,053 A 10/2000 Saukkonen
`6,145,020 A 1 1/2000 Barnett
`6,145,069 A,
`11/2000 Dye
`6,169,241 B1
`1/2001 Shimizu
`6,170,007 B1
`1/2001 Venkatraman et al.
`6,170,047 B1
`1/2001 Dye
`6,170,049 B1
`1/2001 So
`6,172,936 B1
`1/2001 Kitazaki
`6,173,381 B1
`1/2001 Dye
`6,175,650 B1
`1/2001 Sindhu et al.
`6,175,856 B1
`1/2001 Riddle
`6,182,125 B1
`1/2001 Borella et al.
`6,185,625 B1
`2/2001 Tso et al.
`6,185,659 B1
`2/2001 Milillo et al.
`6,192,082 B1
`2/2001 Moriarty et al.
`6,192,155 B1
`2/2001 Fan
`6,195,024 B1
`2/2001 Fallon
`6,195,125 B1
`2/2001 Udagawa et al.
`6,195.391 B1
`22001 Hancocket al.
`6,195,465 B1
`2/2001 Zandi et al.
`6,198.842 B1
`3/2001 Yeo
`6,198,850 B1
`3/2001 Banton
`6,208,273 B1
`3/2001 Dye et al.
`6,215,904 B1
`4/2001 Lavallee
`6,216,157 B1
`4/2001 Vishwanath et al.
`6,219,754 B1
`4/2001 Belt et al.
`6,222,886 B1
`4/2001 Yogeshwar
`6,225,922 B1
`5/2001 Norton
`6,226,667 B1
`5/2001 Matthews et al.
`6,226.740 B1
`52001 Iga
`6,230,223 BI
`52001 Olarig
`6,237,054 B1
`5/2001 Freitag, Jr.
`6,243,829 B.
`62001 Chan
`6,253,264 B1
`6/2001 Sebastian
`6,257,693 B1
`7/2001 Miller et al.
`6,272,178 B1* 8/2001 Nieweglowski et al. 375/240.03
`6,272.627 B1
`8/2001 Mann
`6,272,628 B1
`8/2001 Aguilar et al.
`6,282,641 B1
`8/2001 Christensen
`6,285,458 B1
`9/2001 Yada
`6,298.408 B1 102001 Park
`6,308,311 B1
`10/2001 Carmichael et al.
`6,309,424 B1 10/2001 Fallon
`6,310,563 B1
`10/2001 Har et al.
`6,317,714 B1 11/2001 Del Castillo et al.
`6,317,818 B1
`11/2001 Zwiegincew et al.
`6,330,622 B1
`12/2001 Schaefer
`6,333,745 B1
`12/2001 Shimomura et al.
`6,336,153 B1
`1/2002 Izumida et al.
`6,345,307 B1
`2/2002 Booth
`6,356,589 B1
`3/2002 Gebler et al.
`6,356,937 B1
`3/2002 Montville et al.
`6,374,353 B1
`4/2002 Settsu et al.
`6,388,584 B1
`5/2002 Dorward et al.
`6,392,567 B2 * 5/2002 Satoh .............................. 341/51
`6,404,931 B1
`6/2002 Chen et al.
`6.421,387 B1
`72002 Rhee
`6,434,168 BI
`82002 Kari
`6,434,695 B1
`8/2002 Esfahani et al.
`6,442,659 B1
`8/2002 Blumenau
`6,449,658 BI
`92002 Lafe et al.
`6,449,682 B1
`9/2002 Toorians
`6,452,602 B1
`9/2002 Morein
`6,452,933 B1
`9/2002 Duffield et al.
`6,459,429 B1
`10/2002 Deering
`6,463,509 B1
`10/2002 Teoman et al.
`6,487,640 B1
`11/2002 Lipasti
`6,489,902 B2 12/2002 Heath
`6,505,239 B1
`1/2003 Kobata
`6,513,113 B1
`1/2003 Kobayashi
`6,523,102 B1
`2/2003 Dye et al.
`6,526,174 B1
`2/2003 Graffagnino
`6,529,633 B1
`3/2003 Easwar et al.
`6,532,121 B1
`3/2003 Rust et al.
`6,539,438 B1
`3/2003 Ledzius et al.
`
`Page 4
`
`

`

`US 9,054,728 B2
`
`Page 5
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`6,539,456 B2
`6,542,644 B1
`6,577,254 B2
`6,590,609 B1
`6,597,812 B1
`6601104 B1
`6:604:02“) B2
`6,604,158 B1
`6,606,040 B2
`6,606,413 B1
`6,609,223 B1
`6,618,728 B1
`6624 761 B2
`6:633:244 B2
`6,633,968 B2
`6,650,261 B2
`6,661,839 B1
`6,661,845 B1
`6,704,840 B2
`6 708 220 B1
`6:711’709 B1
`6,717:534 B2
`6,723,225 B2
`6,731,814 B2
`6,735,195 B1
`6,745,282 B2
`6,748,457 B2
`6,756 922 B2
`6,768:749 B1
`6,792,151 B1
`6,810,434 B2
`6,813,689 B2
`6,819,271 B2
`6,822,589 B1
`6,856,651 B2
`6,862,278 B1
`6,879,266 B1
`6,885,316 B2
`6,885,319 B2
`6,888,893 B2
`6,909,383 B2
`6,909,745 B1
`6 938 073 B1
`6:944:740 B2
`6,952,409 B2
`6 959 110 B1
`6:959:359 B1
`6,963 608 B1
`6,990,247 B2
`6,993:597 B2
`7,007,099 B1
`7,024,460 B2
`7 050 639 B1
`7:054’493 B2
`7,069,342 B1
`7,089:391 B2
`7,102,544 B1
`7,127,518 B2
`7,129,860 B2
`7 130 913 B2
`7:161’506 B2
`7,181,608 B2
`7,190:284 B1
`7,245,636 B1
`7,319,667 B1
`7,321,937 B2
`RE40,092 E
`7,327,287 B2
`7,330,912 B1
`7,352,300 B2
`7,358,867 B2
`7,376,772 B2
`7,378,992 B2
`7,386,046 B2
`7,395,345 B2
`
`3/2003 Stewart
`4/2003 Satoh
`6/2003 Rasmussen
`7/2003 Kitade et a1.
`7/2003 Fallon et 31.
`7/2003 Fallon
`8/2003 Kawasaki et 31.
`8/2003 Fallon
`8/2003 Abdat
`8/2003 Zeineh
`8/2003 Wolfgang
`9/2003 Rail
`9/2003 Fallon
`10/2003 Avery
`10/2003 ZWieginceW et a1.
`11/2003 Nelson et a1.
`................. 341/106
`12/2003 Ishidaet 31,
`12/2003 Herath
`3/2004 Nalawadj et al.
`3/2004 Olin
`3/2004 York
`4/2004 Yokose
`4/2004 Scheps
`5/2004 Zeck et 31.
`5/2004 Mehta ........................... 370/352
`6/2004 Okada etal.
`6/2004 Fallon et 31.
`6/2004 Ossia
`7/2004 Osler et 31.
`9/2004 Barnes et 31.
`10/2004 Muthujumaraswathy etal.
`“/2004 Baxter, III
`“/2004 Geiger et 31.
`“/2004 Dye et 31.
`2/2005 Singh
`3/2005 Chang et 31.
`4/2005 Dye et 31.
`4/2005 Mehring
`4/2005 Geiger et a1.
`5/2005 Li et 31.
`6/2005 Shokrollahi et a1.
`6/2005 Puriet 31.
`8/2005 Mendhekar et 31.
`9/2005 Abalietal.
`10/2005 Jolitz
`10/2005 Danskin
`10/2005 Suzuki et 31.
`11/2005 Wu
`1/2006 Schwartz
`1/2006 Nakagawa et 31.
`2/2006 Donatiet 31.
`4/2006 Koopmas
`5/2006 Barnes et 31.
`5/2006 Schwartz
`6/2006 Biederman
`8/2006 Geiger et 31.
`9/2006 Liu
`10/2006 Vange et 31.
`10/2006 Alvarez, II
`10/2006 Fallon
`“2007 Fallon
`2/2007 Fallon et 31.
`3/2007 Dye et 31.
`7/2007 Hans et 31.
`1/2008 Biederman
`1/2008 Fallon
`2/2008 Kang
`2/2008 Martinian et a1.
`2/2008 Fox et al.
`4/2008 Fallon
`4/2008 Fallon
`5/2008 Fallon
`5/2008 Fallon
`6/2008 Fallon et al.
`7/2008 Fallon
`
`................... 341/51
`
`7,400,274 B2
`7,415,530 B2
`7,417,568 B2
`7,548,657 B2
`7,552,069 B2
`7,565,441 B2
`7711938 132
`7,714,747 132
`7,777,651 B2
`8,004,431 132
`8,054,879 B2
`8,073,047 B2
`8,090,936 B2
`8,112,619 B2
`8,275,897 B2
`8,502,707 B2
`8504710 132
`8,553,759 B2
`8,643,513 132
`8,692,695 132
`8,717,203 B2
`8,717,204 B2
`8719438 132
`8,723,701 B2
`8,742,958 B2
`8,756,332 132
`8,867,610 B2
`8,880,862 B2
`8929442 B2
`8,933,825 132
`8,934,535 B2
`2001/0019630 A1
`2001/0031092 A1
`2001/0032128 A1
`2001/0047473 A1
`2001/0052038 A1
`2001/0054131 A1
`2002/0037035 A1
`2002/0069354 A1
`2002/0078241 A1
`2002/0080871 A1
`2002/0097172 A1
`2002/0101367 A1
`2002/0104891 A1
`2002/0126755 A1
`2002/0169950 A1
`2002/0191692 A1
`2003/0030575 A1
`2003/0034905 A1
`2003/0058873 A1
`2003/0084238 A1
`2003/0090397 A1
`2003/0142874 A1
`2003/0191876 A1
`2004/0042506 A1
`2004/0056783 A1
`2004/0073710 A1
`2004/0073746 A1
`2006/0015650 A1
`2006/0181441 A1
`2006/0181442 A1
`2006/0184687 A1
`2006/0184696 A1
`2006/0190644 A1
`2006/0195601 A1
`2007/0043939 A1
`2007/0050514 A1
`2007/0050515 A1
`2007/0067483 A1
`2007/0083746 A1
`2007/0096954 A1
`2007/0109154 A1
`2007/0109155 A1
`2007/0109156 A1
`2007/0174209 A1
`2008/0232457 A1
`2009/0125698 A1
`2009/0154545 A1
`2009/0287839 A1
`
`7/2008 Fallon et a1.
`8/2008 Fallon
`8/2008 Fallon et al.
`6/2009 Deaven
`6/2009 Kepecs
`7/2009 Romanik et a1.
`50010 Wise etal
`50010 Fallon
`8/2010 Fallon et al.
`800“ Reznik
`11/2011 Fallon et a1.
`12/2011 Fallon et a1.
`1/2012 Fallon et a1.
`2/2012 Fallon et a1.
`9/2012 Fallon
`8/2013 Fallon
`80013 Fallon
`10/2013 Fallon etal.
`20014 Fallon
`400” Fallon etal~
`5/2014 Fallon ............................. 341/51
`5/2014 Fallon et a1.
`500” Fallon
`5/2014 Fallon et a1.
`6/2014 Fallon et a1.
`60014 Fallon
`10/2014 Fallon et a1.
`11/2014 Fallon et a1.
`1/2015 Fallon etal~
`“2015 Fallon
`1/2015 Fallon et al.
`9/2001 Johnson
`10/2001 Zeck et a1.
`10/2001 Kepecs
`11/2001 Fallon
`12/2001 Fallon et a1.
`12/2001 Alvarez, H et a1.
`3/2002 Singh
`6/2002 Fallon et a1.
`6/2002 Vidal et a1.
`6/2002 Fallon et a1.
`7/2002 Fallon
`8/2002 Geigeretal
`8/2002 Otto
`9/2002 L1 et al~_
`11/2002 Esfahanlet a1.
`12/2002 Fallon et a1.
`2/2003 Frachtenberg etal.
`2/2003 Anton et a1.
`3/2003 Geiger et a1.
`5/2003 Okada et al.
`5/2003 Rasmussen ..................... 341/51
`7/2003 Schwattz
`10/2003 Fallon
`3/2004 Fallon et a1.
`3/2004 Fallon
`4/2004 Fallon
`4/2004 Fallon
`1/2006 Fallon
`8/2006 Fallon
`8/2006 Fallon
`8/2006 Fallon
`8/2006 Fallon
`8/2006 Fallon
`8/2006 Fallon
`2/2007 Fallon et a1.
`3/2007 Fallon
`3/2007 Fallon
`3/2007 Fallon
`4/2007 Fallon et a1.
`5/2007 Boldtetal.
`5/2007 Fallon
`5/2007 Fallon
`5/2007 Fallon
`7/2007 Fallon et al.
`9/2008 Fallon et al.
`5/2009 Dye
`6/2009 Fallon et al.
`11/2009 Fallon et al.
`
`Page 5
`
`Page 5
`
`

`

`US 9,054,728 B2
`Page 6
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`|U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`2010/0011012 A1
`2010/03161.14 A1
`2010/0318684 A1
`2010/0332700 A1
`2011/0037626 A1
`2011/01992.43 A1
`2011/0208833 A1
`2011/023.1642 A1
`2011/0235697 A1
`2011/0285559 A1
`2012/019.4362 A1
`2012/02399.21 A1
`2014/0022098 A1
`2014/0022099 A1
`2014/0022100 A1
`2014/00231.35 A1
`2014/00284.80 A1
`2014/0105270 A1
`2014/0105271 A1
`2014/0218220 A1
`2015/0009051 A1
`2015/00 12507 A1
`
`1/2010 Rawson
`12/2010 Fallon et al.
`12/2010 Fallon
`12/2010 Fallon
`2/2011 Fallon
`8/2011 Fallon et al.
`8/2011 Fallon
`9/2011 Fallon et al.
`9/2011 Fallon et al.
`11/2011 Fallon
`8/2012 Fallon et al.
`9/2012 Fallon
`1/2014 Fallon
`1/2014 Fallon et al.
`1/2014 Fallon et al.
`1/2014 Fallon et al.
`1/2014 Fallon et al.
`4/2014 Fallon et al.
`4/2014 Fallon et al.
`8/2014 Fallon
`1/2015 Fallon
`1/2015 Fallon
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`GB
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`
`() 185098
`02837.98
`0405572
`()493130
`0587437
`0595.406
`07 18751
`() 928 070 A2
`2162025
`04-241681
`6051989
`9 188009
`111493.76
`WO 9414273
`WO 94.29852
`WO 9502873
`WO 95/29.437 A1
`WO 9748.212
`WO9839699 A2
`WO 9908.186
`WO0036754 A1
`WO 0 1/57642
`WO 0 1/57659
`WO 01/63.772
`WO 02/39591
`
`6/1986
`9/1988
`1/1991
`7/1992
`3/1994
`5/1994
`6/1996
`7/1999
`1/1986
`8/1992
`2/1994
`7/1997
`6/1999
`6/1994
`12/1994
`1/1995
`1 1/1995
`12/1997
`9/1998
`2/1999
`6/2000
`8/2001
`8/2001
`8/2001
`5/2002
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Summers, Bob; “Official Microsoft NetMeeting Book,” Microsoft
`Press, 1998, 374 pgs.
`Schulzrinne, et al., “RTP Profile for Audio and Video Conferences
`with Minimal Control,” Jan. 1996, www.ietforg/rfc/rfc.1890.txt,
`accessed on Dec. 3, 2008; 17 pgs.
`Realtime’s Response in Opposition to the Defendants’ Joint Objec
`tions to Report and Recommendation of Magistrate Regarding
`Motion for Partial Summary Judgment of Invalidity for Indefinite
`ness, in Realtime Data, LLC d/b/a/IXO v. Packeteer, Inc. et al., Civil
`Action No. 6:08-cv-00144-LED; U.S. District Court for the Eastern
`District of Texas, dated Jul. 27, 2009, 15 pages.
`Reply to Realtime’s Response to Blue Coat Defendants’ Objections
`to Report and Recommendation of United States Magistrate Judge
`Regarding Motion for Partial Summary Judgment of Invalidity for
`Indefiniteness Entered Jun. 23, 2009, in Realtime Data, LLC d/b/a/
`LXO v. Packeteer, Inc. et al., Civil Action No. 6:08-cv-00144-LED;
`U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Jul. 31, 2009, 3
`pgS.
`
`Realtime Data’s Sur-Reply in Opposition to the Defendants’ Joint
`Objections to Report and Recommendation of Magistrate Regarding
`Motion for Partial Summary Judgment of Invalidity for Indefinite
`ness, in Realtime Data, LLC d/b/a/IXO v. Packeteer, Inc. et al., Civil
`Action No. 6:08-cv-00144-LED; U.S. District Court for the Eastern
`District of Texas, dated Aug. 3, 2009, 3 pages.
`“A-T Financial Offers Manipulation, Redistribution of Ticker III”,
`Inside Market Data, vol. 4 No. 14, Sep. 5, 1989, 1 page.
`“Add-on Options for the XpressFiles”, Intelligent Compression
`Technologies,
`http://web.archive.org/web/19980518053418/
`ict.compress.com/options X.html, 1998, 2 pages.
`Andrews et al., “A Mean-Removed Variation of Weighted Universal
`Vector Quantization for Image Coding”, IEEE, 1993, pp. 302-309.
`Asserted Claims Chart for U.S. Patent No. 6,624,761, Realtime Data,
`LLCD/B/A LXO v. CME Group Inc., et al. , 6:09-cv-327-LED-JDL,
`6:10-cv-246-LED-JDL, United States District Court for the Eastern
`District of Texas Tyler Division, Oct. 19, 2010, 4 pages.
`Asserted Claims Chart for U.S. Patent No. 7,161,506, Realtime Data,
`LLCD/B/A LXO v. CME Group Inc., et al. , 6:09-cv-327-LED-JDL,
`6:10-cv-246-LED-JDL, United States District Court for the Eastern
`District of Texas Tyler Division, Oct. 19, 2010, 5 pages.
`Asserted Claims Chart for U.S. Patent No. 7,400,274, Realtime Data,
`LLCD/B/A LXO v. CME Group Inc., et al. , 6:09-cv-327-LED-JDL,
`6:10-cv-246-LED-JDL, United States District Court for the Eastern
`District of Texas Tyler Division, Oct. 19, 2010, 6 pages.
`Asserted Claims Chart for U.S. Patent No. 7,417,568, Realtime Data,
`LLCD/B/A LXO v. CME Group Inc., et al. , 6:09-cv-327-LED-JDL,
`6:10-cv-246-LED-JDL, United States District Court for the Eastern
`District of Texas Tyler Division, Oct. 19, 2010, 13 pages.
`Asserted Claims Chart for U.S. Patent No. 7,714,747, Realtime Data,
`LLCD/B/A LXO v. CME Group Inc., et al. , 6:09-cv-327-LED-JDL,
`6:10-cv-246-LED-JDL, United States District Court for the Eastern
`District of Texas Tyler Division, Oct. 19, 2010, 19 pages.
`Barton, Rich, S&P ComStock Network Character Set Definition,
`19.2 KB Network, Version 1.7.0, Feb. 10, 1995, 29 pages.
`Beech, W.A., et al., “AX.25 LinkAccess Protocol for Amateur Packet
`Radio.” Version 2.2, Revision: Jul. 1998, 143 pages.
`Bormann, Carsten, “Providing Integrated Services over Low-bitrate
`Links.” Network Working Group Request for Comments: 2689, Cat
`egory: Informational, Sep. 1999, 14 pages.
`ComStock Services Pamphlet, McGraw-Hill Financial Services
`Company, purportedly published by Jul. 19, 1995, 6 pages.
`Cormack, Gordon V., “Data Compression on a Database System”,
`Communications of the ACM, vol. 28, No. 12, Dec. 1985, pp. 1336
`1342.
`Danskin, John Moffatt, “Compressing the X Graphics Protocol: A
`Dissertation Presented to the Facult of Princeton University in Can
`didacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy,” Jan. 1995, 147 pages.
`“Data Networks and Open System Communications.” Information
`Technology—Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN. 1) Specification
`of Basic Notation, International Telecommunication Union, ITU-T
`Telecommunication Standardization Sector of ITU X.610, Jul. 1994.
`Defendants’ Invalidity Contentions, Realtime Data, LLCD/B/A LXO
`v. CME Group Inc., et al. , 6:09-cv-327-LED-JDL, 6:10-cv-246
`LED-JDL, United States District Court for the Eastern District of
`Texas Tyler Division, Oct. 19, 2010, 19 pages.
`Degermark, Mikael, “IP Header Compression”, Network Working
`Group Request for Comments: 2507, Category: Standards Track,
`Feb. 1999, 47 pages.
`Developer’s Guide, Version 1.0.2, S&P ComStock, Feb. 15, 1994,
`186 pages.
`Domanski, Dr. Bernie, “All the news you can eat, Department: Dr.
`Bernie's Digestions and Digressions”, Demand Technology’s
`Capacity Management Review, vol. 25, No. 7, Jul. 1997, pp. 24,
`18-22.
`Effros, Michelle and Philip A. Chou, “Weighted Universal Transform
`Coding: Universal Image Compression with the Karhunen-Loeve
`Transform”, IEEE, 1995, pp. 61-64.
`Engan, Mathias, “IP Header Compression over PPP”, Network
`Working Group Request for Comments: 2509, Category: 2509, Feb.
`1999, 10 pages.
`
`Page 6
`
`

`

`US 9,054,728 B2
`Page 7
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`ExhibitA, Invalidity Claim Charts A1-A45 for U.S. Patentó,624,761,
`Realtime Data, LLCD/B/A LXO v. CME Group Inc., et al. , 6:09-cv
`327-LED-JDL, 6:10-cv-246-LED-JDL, United States District Court
`for the Eastern District of Texas Tyler Division, Oct. 19, 2010, 616
`pages.
`Exhibit B, Invalidity Claim Charts B1-B45 for U.S. Patent 7,161,506,
`Realtime Data, LLCD/B/A LXO v. CME Group Inc., et al. , 6:09-cv
`327-LED-JDL, 6:10-cv-246-LED-JDL, United States District Court
`for the Eastern District of Texas Tyler Division, Oct. 19, 2010, 1513
`pages.
`Exhibit C, Invalidity Claim Charts C1-C7, C9-C31, C33-C45 for
`U.S. Patent 7,400,274, Realtime Data, LLC D/B/A LXO v. CME
`Group Inc., et al. , 6:09-cv-327-LED-JDL, 6:10-cv-246-LED-JDL,
`United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas Tyler
`Division, Oct. 19, 2010, 1528 pages.
`Exhibit D, Invalidity Claim Charts D1–D7, D9-D45 for U.S. Patent
`7,417,568, Realtime Data, LLCD/B/AIXO v. CME Group Inc., et al.
`, 6:09-cv-327-LED-JDL, 6:10-cv-246-LED-JDL, United States Dis
`trict Court for the Eastern District of Texas Tyler Division, Oct. 19,
`2010, 2458 pages.
`Exhibit E, Invalidity Claim Charts E1-E7, E9, E11, E13-E15, E17
`E30, E32-E45 for U.S. Patent 7,714,747, Realtime Data, LLCD/B/A
`LXOv. CME Group Inc., et al., 6:09-cv-327-LED-JDL, 6:10-cv-246
`LED-JDL, United States District Court for the Eastern District of
`Texas Tyler Divisions Oct. 19, 2010, 3312 pages.
`Greene, Tim, “Squeeze your 'Net links”, NetworkWorld, vol. 14, No.
`28, Jul. 14, 1997, pp. 1 and 56.
`Helck, Christopher J., “Encapsulated Ticker. Ver 1.0° Jul 14, 1993,
`22 pages.
`“High-performance schema-specific compression for XML data for
`mats.” XML-Xpress: Product Overview, Intelligent Compression
`Technologies, http://web.archive.org/web/20020818002535/www.
`ict.compress.com/products xmlzpress, 2001, 2 pages.
`Hsu, William H. and Amy E. Zwarico, “Automatic Synthesis of
`Compression Techniques for Heterogeneous Files.” Software—Prac
`tice and Experience, vol. 25 (10), Oct. 1995, pp. 1097-1116.
`“ICT’s XML-Xpress”, Intelligent Compression Technologies, Dec.
`2000, 6 pages.
`“Information processing systems—Data communication—High
`level data linkcontrol procedures—Frame structure”, UNIISO 3309,
`1984, 11 pages.
`Installing and Administering PPP Edition 1, Hewlett-Packard Com
`pany, 1997, 169 page