`[11]
`[19]
`United States Patent
`Shear et at. Dec. 5, 20-00 [45] Date of Patent:
`
`
`
`
`
`Patent Number:
`
`USUliélS-il’i’ZlA
`
`[54] SYSTEMS AND METHODS USING
`CRYPTOGRAPHY TO PROTECT SECURE
`COMPUTING ENVIRONMENTS
`
`[75]
`
`Inventors: Victor H. Shear, Bethesda, Md.; W.
`Olin Sibert, Lexington, Mass; David
`M. Van Wic Sunnyvale Calif.
`
`[73] Assignee:
`
`lnter’fi'ust Technologies Corp., Sarita
`Clara , Calif.
`
`ljll Appl No _ 087'639 754
`
`[22]
`
`Filed:
`
`Aug. 12, 1996
`
`[51]
`
`[52]
`
`[58]
`
`[56]
`
`Int. CL? ............................... H04K 1700; 11041. 9700;
`(3061: 11730
`
`3807255; 3807251; 3807287;
`[7.8. Ci.
`7137155; 7137176; 7137180; 7137182; 7137194
`Field of Search .................................... 38074, 23, 25,
`380749, 30, 255, 287, 251; 7137150—152,
`155,156,164470,175—1251189491,
`193, 200, 201, 194
`
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`
`OTHER PUBLIC/{1101515
`Applications Requirements for Innovative Programming;
`Ilow to Foster (or Cripple) Program Development Oppor-
`tunities for Interactive Video Programs Delivered on Optical
`Media; A Challenge for the Introduction of DVD (Digital
`Video Disc) (Oct. 19—20, 1995, Sheraton Universal Hotel,
`Universal City CA).
`
`(List continued on next page.)
`
`Primary ExaminerfiStephen C. liuczinski
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Finnegan, Henderson, Farabow,
`Garrett & Dunner, L.L.P.
`
`[57]
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`Secure computation environments are protected from bogus
`or rogue load modules, executables and other data elements
`‘
`_
`_
`. _
`.
`through use of digital signatures, seals and certihcates issued
`by a verifying authority. A veril‘ying authority—which may
`be a trusted independent third party—tests the load modules
`or other executables to verify that their corresponding speci—
`fications are accurate and complete, and then digitally signs
`the load module or other executable based on tamper resis-
`lance work factor classification. Secure computation envi-
`ronments with difl'erent tamper resistance work factors use
`difl'erent verification digital signature authentication tech—
`niques (e.g., different signature algorithms andfor signature
`verification keys)—allowing one tamper resistance work
`factor environment to protect itself against load modules
`.
`.
`x
`.
`a
`.
`.
`from another, ditferent tamper resistance work tactor envi—
`on 1enl Several d‘ssi
`ilar di
`ital si nature a] orith s 1a
`i3
`"_ d " ed ‘
`L1 "‘1 b‘t'igr
`‘ {5]
`. h g_
`"1‘ ". ‘ 3’
`C U596
`10 T ULC Vll‘l'ICl'd l 1.3!
`rorn d gorlt
`ITI (.OlTIpTUITIth,
`and subsets of multiple digital signatures may be used to
`reduce the scope of any specific compromise.
`
`41 Claims, 15 Drawing Sheets
`
`Lew."
`Digital Signature
`
`'Leueltl
`.
`“WIN 3'9““!!!
`
`Lemlll
`Digital Signature
`
` 1240':
`
`E57
`
` iPeIIIIJ
`
`CS-1004
`
`Cisco Systems, Inc. v. Finjan, Inc.
`Page 1
`
`CS-1004
`Cisco Systems, Inc. v. Finjan, Inc.
`Page 1
`
`
`
`6,157,721
`Page 2
`
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`Cisco Systems, Inc. v. Finjan, Inc.
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`W0 94,-‘06103
`W0 941' l6395
`W0 94ll8620
`W0 94,-‘22266
`W0 941271406
`“.1095;Ir l4289
`W0 961100963
`W0 96,-‘03835
`W0 96105698
`W0 961106503
`W0 96,-‘13013
`W0 961121192
`W0 97903423
`WO9TIOT656
`W09W32251
`W0 97"l482113
`
`1,-‘1993 WIPO .
`1f1994 WIPO .
`2,-‘1994 WIPO .
`3,-‘1994 WIPO .
`"H 1994 WIPO .
`8/1994 WIPO .
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`l1r'1994 WIPO .
`5i1995 WIPO .
`1,-‘1996 WIPO .
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`2!1996 WIPO .
`2i1996 WIPO .
`5,-‘1996 WIPO .
`7/1996 WIPO .
`11’1991f WIPO .
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`CS-1004
`
`Cisco Systems, Inc. v. Finjan, Inc.
`Page 6
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`CS-1004
`Cisco Systems, Inc. v. Finjan, Inc.
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`
`US. Patent
`
`Dec. 5, 2000
`
`Sheet 1 01'15
`
`6,157,721
`
`
`
`Problems
`
`FIG.1Defectiveor"Bogus"LoadModulesCanCause
`
`CS—1004
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`Page 7
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`CS-1004
`Cisco Systems, Inc. v. Finjan, Inc.
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`US. Patent
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`Dec. 5, 2000
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`Sheet 2 01'15
`
`6,157,721
`
`VERIFYINGAUTHOR!TY
`
` FIG.2Verifying
`LoadModules
`
`CS—1004
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`Page 8
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`CS-1004
`Cisco Systems, Inc. v. Finjan, Inc.
`Page 8
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`
`
`US. Patent
`
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`CS—1004
`
`Cisco Systems, Inc. v. Finjan, Inc.
`Page 9
`
`CS-1004
`Cisco Systems, Inc. v. Finjan, Inc.
`Page 9
`
`
`
`US. Patent
`
`Dec. 5, 2000
`
`Sheet 4 0f 15
`
`6,157,721
`
`54
`
` Executable No. X5198
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`created 6326f96 by
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`David Van Wie of
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`lntertrust Technologies
`Corp.does the following:
`
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`FIG. 4
`
`Certilying Load Module by
`Checking it Against its Documentation
`
`CS—1004
`
`Cisco Systems, Inc. v. Finjan, Inc.
`Page 10
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`CS-1004
`Cisco Systems, Inc. v. Finjan, Inc.
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`US. Patent
`
`Dec. 5, 2000
`
`Sheet 5 01'15
`
`6,157,721
`
`LOAD MODULE
`
`116
`
`
`MESSAGE DiGEST
`
`PRIVATE
`KEY
`
`FIG. 5
`
`Creating a Certifying
`Digital Signature
`
`CS—1004
`
`Cisco Systems, Inc. v. Finjan, Inc.
`Page 11
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`CS-1004
`Cisco Systems, Inc. v. Finjan, Inc.
`Page 11
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`US. Patent
`
`Dec. 5, 2000
`
`Sheet 6 0f 15
`
`6,157,721
`
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`CS—1004
`
`Cisco Systems, Inc. v. Finjan, Inc.
`Page 12
`
`CS-1004
`Cisco Systems, Inc. v. Finjan, Inc.
`Page 12
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`
`
`US. Patent
`
`Dec. 5, 2000
`
`Sheet 7 01'15
`
`6,157,721
`
`LOAD
`
`MODULE
`SignedWithDifferentTechniques FIG.7SameLoadModuleCanBe
`
`116(1)
`
`
`
`
`
`CS—1004
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`Cisco Systems, Inc. v. Finjan, Inc.
`Page 13
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`CS-1004
`Cisco Systems, Inc. v. Finjan, Inc.
`Page 13
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`US. Patent
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`Dec. 5, 2000
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`Sheet 8 01'15
`
`6,157,721
`
`FIG. 8 Same Load Module Can Be
`Distributed with Multiple Signatures
`
`
`
`FIG. 8A Different Processing Environments Can Have
`Different Su