j:5
`United States Patent
`6,157,721
`[11] Patent Number:
`Shearetal.
`[45] Date of Patent:
`Dec. 5, 2000
`
`
`US006157721A
`
`4,168,396
`4,196,310
`
`9/1979 Best.
`[54] SYSTEMS AND METHODS USING
`4/1980 Forman etal. .
`CRYPTOGRAPHY TO PROTECTSECURE
`(List continued on next page.)
`COMPUTING ENVIRONMENTS
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`Inventors: Victor H. Shear, Bethesda, Md.; W.
`9.00479 s2/1088 Belsi
`Olin Sibert, Lexington, Mass.; David
`glum .
`p
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`‘ali
`:
`084441
`7/1983
`European Pat. Off. .
`Mi. Van Wie, Sunnyvale; Cait
`InterTrust Technologies Corp., Santa es
`Clara, Calif.
`(List continued on next page.)
`[21] Appl. No.: 08/689,754
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`2
`_No.:
`B
`22
`;
`Applications Requirements for Innovative Programming;
`[22]; dale:
`ANG Te4028
`How to Foster (or Cripple) Program Development Oppor-
`SU] Tate eavsccsipersiecagess HO04K 1/00; HO4L 9/00;
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`[51]
`g
`P
`/00;
`/00;
`GO6F 11/30
`Media; A Challenge for the Introduction of DVD (Digital
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`[75]
`
`[73] Assignee:
`
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`
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`
`Primary Examiner—Stephen C. Buczinski
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Finnegan, Henderson, Farabow,
`Garrett & Dunner, L.L.P.
`(57]
`ABSTRACT
`Secure computation environments are protected from bogus
`or rogue load modules, executables and other data elements
`through use ofdigital signatures, seals andcertificates issued
`by a verifying authority. A verifying authority—which may
`be a trusted independent third party—tests the load modules
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`“
`A
`.
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`be used to reduce vulnerability from algorithm compromise,
`and subsets of multiple digital signatures may be used to
`reduce the scope of any specific compromise.
`
`41 Claims, 15 Drawing Sheets
`
`Level |
`Digital Signature
`
`__Lewel Il
`Digital Signature
`
`Digital Signature W240} we(aey
`
`Level Ill
`
`CS-1004
`Cisco Systems, Inc. v. Finjan, Inc.
`Page 1
`
`CS-1004
`Cisco Systems, Inc. v. Finjan, Inc.
`Page 1
`
`

`

`6,157,721
`Page 2
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`CS-1004
`Cisco Systems, Inc. v. Finjan, Inc.
`Page 2
`
`CS-1004
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`

`

`6,157,721
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`CS-1004
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`Cisco Systems, Inc. v. Finjan, Inc.
`Page 6
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`Cisco Systems, Inc. v. Finjan, Inc.
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 5, 2000
`
`Sheet 1 of15
`
`Problems
`
`FIG.1.Gefectiveor"Bogus"LoadModulesCanCause
`
`6,157,721
`
`CS-1004
`Cisco Systems, Inc. v. Finjan,
`Inc.
`age 7
`
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`Page 7
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 5, 2000
`
`Sheet 2 of 15
`
`6,157,721
`
`
`VERIFYINGAUTHORITY
`
`
`FIG.2VerifyingLoadModules
`
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`Page 8
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`

`

`
`
`PALIUsIgGSEHI[NPOjA]PeO7jj89SOLSxIBY)
`
`LNIWNNOUIANZONISSAIO“dGALIALOUd
`
`
`
`SYNLVNDISON |‘2INpoWPeo]YSaSp
`UaWUOJIAUZHulssadolgpaysajolgBoagEg“KDI-4
`
`
`
`Dec. 5, 2000
`
`Sheet 3 of 15
`
`6,157,721
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`801
`
`
`
`
`
`YOSS390Ud
`
`OLL
`
`
`
`SNVAWSYNLVYNDSIS
`
`ASNOLAVHOS.LI
`
`AsnLNOM|-
`
`CS-1004
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`Page 9
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec.5, 2000
`
`Sheet 4 of15
`
`6,157,721
`
`54
`
`102
`
`
` Executable No. X5198
`
`created 6/26/96 by
`David Van Wie of
`
`Intertrust Technologies
`Corp.doesthe following:
`
`412
`
`
`
`FIG. 4
`
`Certifying Load Module by
`Checking it Against its Documentation
`
`CS-1004
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`Page 10
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 5, 2000
`
`Sheet 5 of 15
`
` 6,157,721
`
`LOAD MODULE
`
`PRIVATE
`KEY
`
`FIG. 5
`
`Creating a Certifying
`Digital Signature
`
`CS-1004
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`Page 11
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 5, 2000
`
`Sheet 6 of 15
`
`6,157,721
`
`a0~NAaMonanda
`
`
`
`80L-LNJIWNOYIANSDNISSZIO¥dG4aL03L0¥d
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ainjeubisjeyiigehuyesjuayjnyGG"KI-4
`
`CS-1004
`Cisco Systems, Inc. v. Finjan, Inc.
`Page 12
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 5, 2000
`
`Sheet 7 of15
`
`6,157,721
`
`
`
`LOADMODULE
`
`tiated’
`
` SignedWith
`
`DifferentTechniques FIG.7SameLoadModuleCanBe
`
`CS-1004
`Cisco Systems, Inc. v. Finjan, Inc.
`Page 13
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`

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`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec.5, 2000
`
`Sheet 8 of15
`
`6,157,721
`
`FIG. 8 Same Load Module Can Be
`Distributed with Multiple Signatures
`
`1081)
`
`406(2)
`
`dog(ny
`
`
`
`
`124(N)
`
`FIG. 8A Different Processing Environments Can Have
`Different Subsets of Keys
`
`108(1)
`
`|_|
`
`108(N)
`
`CS-1004
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`Page 14
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`

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`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec.5, 2000
`
`Sheet 9 of15
`
`FIG. 9 Load Module Can Have Several
`Independently Signed Portions
`
`54 106(1)
`
`6,157,721
`
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`

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`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 5, 2000
`
`Sheet 10 of15
`
`6,157,721
`
`FIG. 10A Assurance Level|
`Software-Based
`
`Protected Processing Environment
`Protected Processing Environment
`Protected Processing Environment
`
`FIG. 10B AssuranceLevelII
`Software and Hardware-Based
`
`FIG.