Attachment 3a: Copy of Document 3 from the Los Angeles Law Library
`
`A.795(19)
`
`A.796(19)
`
`A.797(19)
`
`A.798(19)
`
`A.799(19)
`
`A.800(19)
`
`A.801 (19)
`
`A.802(19)
`
`A.803(19)
`
`A.804(19)
`
`iv - Contents
`
`Navigational guidance and information scheme for ro-ro ferry
`operations
`Annex: Recommendation for navigational guidance and
`information schemes for ro-ro ferry operations
`
`Recommendations on a decision support system for masters on
`passenger ships
`Annex: Recommendations on a decision support system for
`masters on passenger ships
`
`Safety of ships carrying solid bulk cargoes
`Annex: Measures to improve the safety of ships carrying solid bulk
`cargoes
`
`Guidelines for the selection, application and maintenance of corrosion
`prevention systems of dedicated seawater ballast tanks
`Annex: Guidelines for the selection, application and maintenance
`of corrosion prevention systems of dedicated seawater ballast tanks
`
`Revised recommendation on test methods for qualifying marine
`construction materials as non-combustible
`Annex: Revised recommendation on test methods for qualifying
`marine construction materials as non-combustible
`
`Revised guidelines for approval of sprinkler systems equivalent to that
`referred to in SOLAS Regulation 11-2/12
`Annex: Revised guidelines for approval of sprinkler systems
`equivalent to that referred to in SOLAS Regulation 11-2/12
`
`Provision of radio services for the global maritime distress and safety
`system (GMDSS)
`Annex 1: Recommendation on provision of radio services for the
`GMDSS
`Annex 2: Criteria for use when providing shore-based digital
`selective calling (DSC) facilities for use in the GMDSS
`Annex 3: Criteria for establishing GMDSS sea areas
`Annex 4: Criteria for use when providing a NA VTEX service
`Annex 5: Criteria for use when providing lnmarsat shore-based
`facilities for use in the GMDSS
`
`Performance standards for survival craft radar transponders for use in
`search and rescue operations
`Annex: Recommendation on performance standards for survival
`craft radar transponders for use in search and rescue operations
`
`Performance standards for shipborne VHF radio installations capable
`of voice communication and digital selective calling
`Annex: Recommendation on performance standards for shipborne
`VHF radio installations capable of voice communication and digital
`selective calling
`
`Performance standards for shipborne MF radio installations capable of
`voice communication and digital selective calling
`Annex: Recommendation on performance standards for shipborne
`MF radio installations capable of voice communication and digital
`selective calling
`
`102
`
`104
`
`107
`
`110
`
`117
`
`119
`
`163
`
`172
`
`175
`
`180
`
`100
`
`

`

`Attachment 3a: Copy of Document 3 from the Los Angeles Law Library
`
`A.805(19)
`
`A.806(19)
`
`A.807(19)
`
`A.808(19)
`
`A.809(19)
`
`A.810(19)
`
`A.811(19)
`
`A.812(19)
`
`A.813(19)
`
`A.814(19)
`
`Performance standards for float-free VHF emergency position-
`indicating radio beacons
`Annex: Recommendation on performance standards for float-free
`VHF emergency position-indicating radio beacons
`
`Performance standards for shipborne MF/HF radio installations
`capable of voice communication, narrow-band direct printing and
`digital selective calling
`Annex: Recommendation on performance standards for shipborne
`MF/HF radio installations capable of voice communication,
`narrow-band direct printing and digital selective calling
`
`Performance standards for lnmarsat-C ship earth stations capable of
`transmitting and receiving direct-printing communications
`Annex: Recommendation on performance standards for lnmarsat-C
`ship earth stations capable of transmitting and receiving direct-
`printing communications
`
`Performance standards for ship earth stations capable of two-way
`communications
`Annex: Recommendation on performance standards for ship earth
`stations capable of two-way communications
`
`Performance standards for survival craft two-way VHF radiotelephone
`apparatus
`Annex 7: Recommendation on performance standards for survival
`craft portable two-way VHF radiotelephone apparatus
`Annex 2: Recommendation on performance standards for two-way
`VHF radiotelephone apparatus for fixed installation in survival craft
`
`Performance standards for float-free satellite emergency position-
`indicating radio beacons (EPIRBs) operating on 406 MHz
`Annex: Recommendation on performance standards for float-free
`satellite emergency position-indicating radio beacons (EPIRBs)
`operating on 406 MHz
`
`Performance standards for a shipborne integrated
`radiocommunication system (IRCS) when used in the GMDSS
`Annex: Recommendation on performance standards for a
`shipborne integrated radiocommunication system (IRCS) when
`used in the GMDSS
`
`Performance standards for float-free satellite emergency position-
`indicating radio beacons operating through the geostationary lnmarsat
`satellite system on 1.6 GHz
`Annex: Recommendation on performance standards for float-free
`satellite EPIRBs operating through the geostationary lnmarsat
`satellite system on 1.6 GHz
`
`General requirements for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) for all
`electrical and electronic ship's equipment
`
`Guidelines for the avoidance of false distress alerts
`Annex: Guidelines for avoiding false distress alerts
`Appendix: Instructions for mariners and others on how to cancel a
`false distress alert
`
`186
`
`190
`
`197
`
`200
`
`203
`
`209
`
`213
`
`216
`
`220
`
`221
`
`Contents - v
`
`101
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`Attachment 3b: Los Angeles Law Library catalog record for the International Maritime
`Organization Assembly Resolutions
`
`117
`
`

`

`

`

`Attachment 3c: Statewide Illinois Library Catalog serial record for the International
` Maritime Organization Assembly Resolutions
`
`119
`
`

`

`

`

`

`

`

`

`Attachment 3d: Copy of Document 3 from the Library of Congress
`
`NINETEENTH
`ASSEMBLY
`RESOLUTIONS
`
`123
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`Attachment 3f: Google Scholar list of publications citing Document 3
`
`Web
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`Images More
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`Hele11 Sullivan 7}(Cl2gm<1d com
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`Go gle
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`(3) International Maritime Organization, Resolution A-817(19). Performance •
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`Benefits of an integrated navigation sy stem: US Coast Guard cutter JUNIPER
`leads the way
`TS Sullivan, L Alexander - Electrical and Computer .. , 1997 - ieeexplore ieee.org
`••• where you Wimt to be. it provides crucial input into the DPS that allows station-keeping in up
`to three knot currents ..• 2) provide a means for safe navigation for the remaining part of the voyage
`in case of ECDtS failure [3]. To dat e ... (lHO S-52). International Hydrographic Organization ...
`Cited by 4 Related articles Cite Save
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`[POFJ Review of recent significant technologies and initiatives implemented to
`enhance navigational safety and protect the marine environment in the Straits of
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`[PDF] unb.ca
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`P Oei - The International Hydrographic Review. 200 1 - journals.lib unb ca
`•.. 3 IMO Resolution A.817(19) adopted on 23 November 1995 ... world's first combined ENCJRNC
`(Raster Navigational Chans) database with ECDIS on board three international container vessels •••
`lt may be timety for the international com mun;ty to s tep up discussions on the concept .. .
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`[f'DFJ "S-57carto"-An Cxpanded S-57 Data Model TO SUPPORT Tl IC Production
`of ENC cells and Printed Charts from One Common Database
`2001 - icaci org
`T Tuumala - Proceedings of the Twentieth International
`•.. 3. PRESENTATION RULES ..• Layout elements are divided into three categories- static elements
`(which are generated automatically from product information stored in t he database). dynamic
`elements GelOscht GelOscht: a ... International Maritime Organization (IMO) 15 Dec. 1996 ...
`Cited by 4 Related articles All 2 v ersions Cite Save More
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`ECDIS Development Laboratory and Navigation Technology Demonstration
`Center
`L Alexander MF Van Norden ... - OCEANS. 2001 MTS/. 2001 -ieeexploreieee.org
`•.. Ill . ... For US Navy operations. there was a "Tiger Team· that performed an A natysis of Ahematives
`(AoA) for ECOIS.N. This study included three phases: 1 ••• US Navy Electronic Chan Display and
`Information System Policy 3 140 Ser N00/8U5a00076. dated 17 March 1998 . ...
`Cited by 3 Related articles All 3 versions Cite Save
`
`Harmonising Chart and Navigation Information on ECDIS
`l Alexander - The International Hydrographic Review, 2001 - j ournals.lib unb.ca
`•.. In the final analysis. the three key aspect s related to the proper use ... for Electronic Chart Display
`and lnfonnation Systems (ECDIS). IMO Resolution A.817(19), International Maritime Organization,
`London. 23 .•. IHO S-57). 3"d Edition. November 1996. Monaco [3] IHO Specification •..
`Cited t,.,. 2 Related articles Cite Save
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`Harmonising Chart and Navigation-related Information on ECDIS
`L A lexander 4 200 1 4 scholars.unh.edu
`•.. In the final analysis, the three key aspect s related to the proper use ... for Electronic Chart Display
`and Information Systems (ECDIS), IMO Resolution A.817(19), Internatio nal Maritime Organization,
`London. 23 .•. IHO S-57). 3"d Edttion. November 1996. Monaco [3] IHO Specification •..
`Cited by 1 Related articles All 2 versions Cite Save
`
`(PDFJ GUIDANCE ON UPDATING THE ELECTRONIC NAVIGATIONAL CHART
`EN CHART - Citeseer
`This publication, Guidance on Updating the Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC) was
`developed by the Updating Working Group (UWG) of the IHO Committee On Hydrographic
`Requirements for Information Systems (CHRIS} There has been considerable progress in
`All 6 versions Cite Save More
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`GI Soup in a Network Centric Pot: A Maritime Perspective on Geospatial
`Information in a Network Centric Environment
`WM Halsey · 1999 - DTIC OocumE!flt
`••• CHAPTER Ill BACKGROUND The face of military mapping has been altered profoundly over
`the last ... In low visibility conditions, t his is ldeaLr 27 Joe Evangelista, "Doing Away Wrth ... with
`geospatial infonnation (GI). that this paper arbitrarily breaks down int o three different ~levels ...
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`New Technologies, New Functions and Solutions
`AN Ince. E Topuz, E Panay irci. C l!jik -
`.. Maritime Surveillance Syst ems 1998 - Springer
`•.. ii. IR images with greater resolution and matching capability ....,;11 reflect the real world more closely
`than is possible today, iii ... 3 and 5-52 standards [ See Annex 100A ] . ... In the specification of the
`SOTDMA transponder, the ship's heading is transmitted in all three messages [10.5)
`Related articles All 2 versions Ote Save
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`(PDFJ And The Times
`RAJC Card - Proceedings of the Marine Safety Counci~uly- . 1996 - ntl bis.gov
`•.. Page 3 ... A Portable Pilot Unit combines three c utting edge systems into a single portable unit . .. The
`hybrid electronic charts are a combination of raster and vector technologies. a step on the road
`to com~ete digital data required by t he International Maritime Organizations DX-90 ...
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`CPDFJ Maritime education and training in Nigeria: Current problems in the light of
`new and changing technology and international legislation
`EO Okore - Unpublished master's thesis World Maritim e .
`1999 - commons.1Nmu.se
`•.• Declaration ii Acknowledgement iii Abstract iv •.. general nature The fomier i,>nll be discussed in
`chapters three and four while t he latter problems wm be discussed presently ... electronic teaching
`aids. 2-5_3 There is also the problem of m aritime education being isolated from other ...
`Cited by 1 Related articles Cite Save
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`[POFJ Efficiency and effectiveness in maritime safety administration
`S Li - 2000 - commons wmu.se
`... ii Acknowledgements iii A bstract iv ... P age 14 3 towards, maritime activities should be reviewed
`and discussed ... enforcing them During the second half of t he last century. especially the past
`three decades. great changes have taken place in the world s hipping industry . .••
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`[POFJ icaci.org
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`[PDF) unb.ca
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`[PDF) psu.edu
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`[PDF) dtic mil
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`[POFJ bis.gov
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`[PDF) wmu.se
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`[PDF) wmu.se
`
`137
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`

`

`Attachment 3f: Google Scholar list of publications citing Document 3
`
`138
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`

`

`Attachment 3g: Publication citing Document 3
`
`Admiral Robert E. Kramek, USCG
`Commandant
`
`The Marine Safety Council of the
`United States Coast Guard
`
`Rear Admiral Paul M. Blayney, USCG
`Chief Counsel, Chairman
`
`Rear Admiral James C. Card, USCG
`Chief, Marine Safety and Environmental
`Protection Directorate, Member
`
`Rear Admiral Edward J. Barrett, USCG
`Chief, Office of Engineering, Logistics and
`Development, Member
`
`Rear Admiral Rudy K. Peschel, USCG
`Chief, Office of Navigation Safety and
`Waterway Services, Member
`
`CDR Stephen J. Darmody, USCG
`Executive Secretary
`
`Cheryl Robinson
`Editor
`
`Karlin Gray
`Graphic Designer
`
`Proceedings (ISSN 0364-0981) is published quarterly by the
`Coast Guard's Marine Safety and Environmental Protection
`Directorate, in the interest of safety at sea under the auspices of
`the Marine Safety Council. The Secretary of the Department
`of Transportation has determined that the publication of this
`periodical is necessary in the transaction of the public business
`required by law of this agency. Special permission for
`republication, either in whole or in part, except for copyrighted
`material, is not required, provided credit is given to Proceedings.
`The views expressed are those of the authors and do not represent
`official Coast Guard policy.
`POINTS OF CONTACT
`Cheryl Robinson, Editor
`Voice:
`(703) 235-1604
`Fax:
`(703) 235-1062
`E-mail: Cheryl_Robinson/NMC@CGSMTP.USCG.MIL
`World Wide Web:
`http://www.dot.gov/dotinfo/uscg/hq/g-m/gmhome.htm
`All requests for subscriptions and changes of address must be in
`writing, addressed to: Editor, Proceedings Magazine, U.S. Coast
`Guard National Maritime Center, 4200 Wilson Boulevard, Suite
`510, Arlington, Virginia 22203-1804. Please include mailing
`label when changing an address.
`
`DIST (SDL No. 134)
`A: ac(2); ebfghijklmnopqrsuv(1).
`B: nr(50); cefgipw(10); bklqshj(5); xdmou(2);vyz(1).
`C: n(4); adek(3); blo(2); cfgijmpqrtuvwxyz(1).
`D: ds(5); abcefghijklmnopqrtuvwyz(1).
`E: kn(2). F: abcdehjkloqst(1).
`List TCG-06.
`
`Our 53rd Year
`
`Proceedings
`
`of the Marine Safety Council
`July-September, 1996
`Vol. 53, No. 3
`How Technology is Affecting
`the Maritime World
`
`Features
`
`How Technology Is Affecting
` The Maritime World ............................................ 4
`Maritime Technology in the
` San Francisco Bay Region................................... 6
`American Bureau of Shipping SafeHull 96 Brings
` Significant Technology Developments ................ 16
`Out of the Fog .......................................................... 20
`Sharing Coast Guard Information
` Via the Port State Information
` Exchange System (PSIX) ................................... 26
`Controlling Microorganisms in Diesel Fuel
` A New Solution to an Old Problem .................... 28
`Ship Structural Integrity
` Information System (SSIIS) ............................... 31
`Realizing the Promise of Automation
` Through Better Design and Training ............. 36
`Taking the Search Out of Marine Safety .............. 39
`Technology and Maritime Professionals
` Proactively Reduce Navigational Risks on
` Southeast Texas Waterways .............................. 43
`USCG R&D Center Conducts Research in
` Tactical Oil Spill Surveillance Technology ..... 53
`PTP at Work ........................................................... 58
`Simulation Training to Meet
` Advances in Shipboard Automation .................. 62
`
`Departments
`
`RADM Card Speaks ................................................. 2
`By the Way ................................................................ 3
`Mariner’s Seabag .................................................... 66
`Nautical Queries ..................................................... 68
`Investigator’s Corner ............................................. 70
`
`Proceedings of the Marine Safety Council — July-September 1996
`
`Page 1
`
`139
`
`

`

`Attachment 3g: Publication citing Document 3
`
`RADM CARD SPEAKS . . .
`
`By Rear Admiral James C. Card,
`United States Coast Guard
`
`Technology
`And The Times
`
`“Beam me up, Scotty.” Once upon a time,
`not too many years ago, futuristic and science-
`fiction fantasies seemed just that. Times have
`changed. These days our world is filled with on-
`line networks & nationwide pagers,
`around-the-clock cable & cellular phones,
`modems & voice mail, and the Internet & the
`World Wide Web. While we may not have
`electronic transport (yet), the lines between
`present reality and future fantasy have become
`less defined.
`Just as information is increasingly viewed as
`a tangible resource (similar to raw materials,
`human resources and fixed assets), it naturally
`follows that – more than ever – decision makers
`need a thorough knowledge of available
`technologies. Evidence of this exists worldwide,
`where we see the creation of Chief Information
`Officer positions in many corporate boardrooms,
`and in the Coast Guard’s Marine Safety and
`Environmental Program, with establishment of the
`Office of Information Resources (G-MRI).
`Throughout our history, the Coast Guard
`(USCG) has consistently embraced the use of
`pioneering technologies. Through creation of the
`Marine Safety Information System, the Port
`Safety Information Exchange, and continued
`development of cutting-edge technologies (e.g.,
`the Marine Safety Network and the USCG Web
`
`Site on the Internet), we continue to seek better
`and more efficient ways to operate amid a
`shrinking federal budget.
`One such example of this new “applied
`technology” involves planning and response
`activities at our field units, where the Coast
`Guard’s Spill Planning and Response System;
`Global Positioning System and Forward-Looking
`Infrared Radar have afforded an increasing array
`of tools to local field commanders in meeting their
`goals for our Business Plan. This “storehouse” of
`information has also provided the necessary
`statistical base to implement an effective
`Prevention-Through-People campaign for
`reducing human error in marine casualties.
`In short, timely and accurate information has
`become an integral part of our efforts in: fiscal/
`operational planning, prevention, training, casualty
`analysis, policy-making and regulatory
`development. Our business, like yours, requires
`much planning, flexibility and responsiveness. A
`concerted and effective use of technology will
`continue to prove invaluable in meeting the
`demands of a global market, all-the-while ensuring
`a safe and environmentally-sound maritime
`workplace.
`
`——————————  ——————————
`
`Page 2
`
`Proceedings of the Marine Safety Council — July-September 1996
`
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`

`

`Attachment 3g: Publication citing Document 3
`
`BY THE WAY...
`Editor’s Point of View
`
`Cheryl Robinson
`
`Proceedings magazine continues
`to keep you informed about all aspects
`of the maritime industry. Our theme for
`this issue is “How Technology Is
`Affecting The Maritime World.”
`Today, as we approach the twenty-
`first century, our nation’s ship and shore
`infrastructure has the broadest spectrum
`of advanced technology in equipment
`and techniques for virtually all aspects
`of
`the shipping
`industry. This
`technology includes—but is not limited
`to—computer systems for monitoring,
`sampling and testing; innovative use to
`control marine fuels, engine use and
`technology; identifying safety hazards
`and
`environmental
`pollution
`prevention; maintaining port safety; and
`the search and rescue effort. These
`technological advancements that we
`
`often take for granted are responsible
`for helping the maritime community to
`maintain its global competitiveness.
`Coast Guard members are
`prepared to perform any mission,
`anytime, anywhere. Some of these
`technological advancements help
`increase the Coast Guard’s ability to
`perform their mission.
`Our staff hopes you will receive
`some new information and useful ideas
`from this issue. If you have any topics
`you would like to see in upcoming
`issues, send in your idea and we will do
`the rest. Suggested themes are only
`limited by your imagination.
`Again, a special thank you to all
`our readers!
`——————————  ——————————
`
`Next Issue:
`“Electronic Commerce in the Maritime Community”
`
`Upcoming Issues:
`“Safety Through Shared Lessons Learned”
`Partnerships/Alternate Compliance”
`
`Proceedings of the Marine Safety Council — July-September 1996
`
`Page 3
`
`141
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`

`Attachment 3g: Publication citing Document 3
`
`How Technology Is Affecting The
`Maritime World
`
`warning bell. The introduction of new technology, if
`not done carefully, carries with it significant risk. Take,
`for instance, radar. The introduction of this powerful
`collision avoidance tool was followed shortly thereafter
`by a new phrase in the nautical vernacular: “radar
`assisted collision.” How long now before we are
`talking about, “electronic navigation assisted
`groundings” without even appreciating the irony of
`what we are saying?
`Recognizing the potential for pitfalls in careless
`introduction of new technology is the first step in
`reducing it, and two articles in this general area are
`offered for consideration. The first, from the Coast
`Guard’s Research and Development Center, discusses
`some of the mental ergonomics and logic traps which
`can result from poor screen design and/ or inadequate
`
`By Captain Robert G. Ross, USCG
`Chief, Office of Information Resources
`
`The theme of this issue, “How Technology Is
`Affecting the Maritime World,” is both timely and
`timeless. It is timely because we now possess
`astounding potential to improve the way we do things
`by taking advantage of new developments in
`engineering, increasing capabilities in electronics and
`information processing, and new thinking about the
`people-based problems which face the maritime
`community. But it is also timeless because any history
`of mankind’s involvement with the sea is necessarily a
`history of new technology and new ways of doing
`things. Indeed, technological change has been one of
`the few constants in the long history of going to sea.
`The purpose of this issue is to present a number
`of ideas, to provide a sampler if you will, on new
`technology and new techniques that are being pursued
`by various players in the maritime community. There is
`no expectation that the articles in this issue will be
`representative, much less inclusive, of all of the new
`technology and new thinking which is out there.
`Rather, the hope is that readers will be encouraged by
`the promise of the techniques or products described
`here to look at ways they can take advantage of new
`technology and techniques in solving their own
`problems.
`Some of these ideas, such as the ABS SafeHull
`program, involve harnessing the power of computers to
`improve ship design in ways which were impossible
`just a few short years ago. Others involve using the
`information storage and retrieval capability of modern
`information processing systems to better perform tasks,
`such as ship maintenance and navigation, which have
`been with us for generations. For example, real-time
`availability of accurate information on tides, currents
`and approaching traffic have the potential to
`significantly improve pilotage and reduce risk during
`in-port transits. Another article describes an “out of
`the box” approach for dealing with micro-organisms in
`marine fuels. This article is offered, not as an
`endorsement for the product, but rather as an example
`of the kind of shift in thinking which may be the key to
`being able to tackle old problems in new ways.
`Having touted the potential for new technology
`and new techniques, however, it is time to sound a
`
`Page 4
`
`Proceedings of the Marine Safety Council — July-September 1996
`
`142
`
`

`

`Attachment 3g: Publication citing Document 3
`
`operator training for systems such as electronic charts.
`The second discusses the use of new technology,
`simulator technology in this case, to effectively train
`operators in the proper use of other new technology
`and equipment before the see it in the real world – and
`before a casualty tells us we got it wrong.
`There is another aspect to the proper
`introduction of new technology which centers on the
`adoption of appropriate national and international
`standards and policies on the design and use of new
`technology. One such area involves the technical,
`functional and performance standards which a true
`ECDIS (Electronic Chart Display and Information
`System) will have to meet. Another is “solo bridge
`watch” where the questions of “Where?,” “When?”
`and “How?,” not to mention the most fundamental
`question of all, “Should we ever...?,” have not yet been
`answered to everyone’s satisfaction. Unfortunately,
`
`we do not have an article addressing either the “solo
`bridge watch” issue or the closely related topic of
`“Integrated Bridge Systems,” but “Out of the Fog”
`provides a good primer on the many unanswered
`ECDIS questions. Similar unresolved issues surround
`many of the capabilities which new technology might
`give us. Unanswered, these questions may keep us
`from realizing many of the potential benefits which the
`new technology offers
`Today, as throughout history, perceptions of risk
`and opportunity in the maritime world are creating
`demands for innovative solutions and new
`technologies. How well we, industry and government
`working together, take advantage of the promise
`inherent in these new technologies and techniques will,
`to a large extent, determine the future health of the
`maritime world.
`—————————— ——————————
`
`Proceedings of the Marine Safety Council — July-September 1996
`
`Page 5
`
`143
`
`

`

`Attachment 3g: Publication citing Document 3
`
`Maritime Technology in the
`San Francisco Bay Region
`
`by LCDR Pete Marsh, USCG and CAPT Thomas Richards, NOAA,
`with contributions by various agencies mentioned.
`
`INTRODUCTION:
`THE HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
`
`Several maritime technology initiatives are
`currently underway in the San Francisco Bay Region,
`continuing a San Francisco trend as an early adopter of
`technology. After all, Telegraph Hill got its name
`because it was the vantage point from which observers
`could read signals about arriving ships from semaphore
`telegraphs further west at Point Lobos and the Presidio,
`and relay them to the waterfront. The semaphore
`system was used from 1850 until it was replaced in 1853
`by the first electric telegraph line on the West Coast,
`carrying signals from the Point Lobos lookout directly
`to the Merchant’s Exchange office on Sacramento
`Street. In 1876, the year the telephone was invented by
`Alexander Graham Bell, the Merchant’s Exchange
`installed an experimental line. In the late 1940s, a
`shoreside radar was installed for ship tracking. And in
`1972, the Coast Guard opened the nation’s first Vessel
`Traffic Service in San Francisco.
`Many of the innovations taking place in the San
`Francisco Bay Area today will help shape the character
`of marine commerce for decades to come, just as their
`predecessors did before them. The following article
`describes a few of the initiatives currently in progress.
`• The U.S. Coast Guard is upgrading the San Fran-
`cisco Vessel Traffic Service.
`• The Coast Guard has just declared Initial Opera-
`tional Capability for the nationwide Differential
`Global Positioning System (DGPS).
`
`• The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminis-
`tration (NOAA) and a Bay Area coalition, are
`developing the Physical Oceanographic Real Time
`System (PORTS). This project in turn, is linking
`numerous other projects, including hydrodynamic
`flow modeling by the US Geological, Survey.
`• The San Francisco Bar Pilots are testing Portable
`Pilot Units (PPU), as part of a grant from MARAD
`to the American Pilots Association.
`• The Marine Exchange of the San Francisco Bay
`Region is spearheading a cooperative project
`
`called Marine Information Service of North
`America (MISNA).
`• NOAA is developing hybrid electronic charts, a
`combination of raster and vector technologies,
`with their prototype data set targeted for San
`Francisco.
`• The Port of Stockton uses a variety of surveil-
`lance and communications equipment to monitor
`cargo loading operations and security.
`• NOAA and the Corps of Engineers are conducting
`experiments with detecting ship squat in real time
`using DGPS in three dimensions.
`• Private sector firms are investigating the possibil-
`ity of creating their own extremely high-resolution
`digital chart data sets near their piers for use by
`docking masters.
`While many of these projects are separately
`funded and managed, the numerous entities involved
`are also cooperating, through such venues as the
`Harbor Safety Committee, in order to implement the
`projects in such a way that all can benefit. First, we’ll
`describe each of the projects individually, then
`describe the ways in which they enhance each other.
`
`VESSEL TRAFFIC SERVICE
`UPGRADE (VTS UPGRADE)
`
`by LCDR Pete Marsh, USCG VTS San Francisco
`
`This project is being undertaken by the U. S.
`Coast Guard to improve VTS capabilities. The Coast
`Guard operates eight VTSs, and the Upgrade project is
`being implemented in four of them: New York, Puget
`Sound, San Francisco, and Houston/Galveston.
`Current technology in these VTSs consists of
`VHF radio, radar displays, and television cameras. The
`radar displays incorporate Automatic Radar Plotting
`Aids (ARPA) to assist the operator in tracking vessel,
`movements and in assessing potential collision
`
`Page 6
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`Attachment 3g: Publication citing Document 3
`
`situations. These movements are recorded on paper
`cards, which are moved around on a desktop to
`represent the positions of vessels on the radar screen.
`VTS Upgrade adds electronic charts, more
`sophisticated tracking and alarms to this mix, and
`replaces the paper Vessel Data Cards with a computer
`database. The Upgrade system is operational at VTS
`New York and VTS Puget Sound. Installation at San
`Francisco is complete, and crew training is in progress.
`The system should be operational in early 1997.
`Using electronic charts as the display basis rather
`than raw radar video gives the operator a greatly
`improved georeferenced picture. Radar video is
`overlaid on the electronic chart, but land areas are
`normally masked out, thereby eliminating non-maritime
`targets, allowing the operator to concentrate on
`potential vessel interactions more than on tracking
`individual vessels.
`Data management is also improved. The Upgrade
`system incorporates a relational database of vessels,
`facilities, anchorages, standard routes, and transit
`
`histories. It provides in-depth statistical analysis
`capabilities, which will become critical as competition
`for waterway use increases.
`Console ergonomics and workload management
`are substantially improved. The video cameras are
`integrated into the console, with controls at the
`operator’s fingertips. Radio and telephone control are
`integrated into a single, compact touch panel instead of
`a large, dedicated rack. Perhaps most significantly for
`workload management, any console can display chart
`and radar data from any or all parts of the VTS area. In
`the past, one of the biggest limitations was that each
`remote radar site required a complete display console.
`VTS Upgrade allows data from multiple radar sites to be
`displayed on a single console, allowing better
`surveillance and better workload management. A single
`operator could handle several geographic areas if traffic
`load were light. Conversely, multiple operators could be
`assigned to certain areas if the traffic load became
`heavy.
`
`Continued
`
`Proceedings of the Marine Safety Council — July-September 1996
`
`Page 7
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`Attachment 3g: Publication citing Document 3
`
`DIFFERENTIAL GLOBAL
`POSITIONING SYSTEM (DGPS)
`
`by LCDR Pete Marsh, USCG VTS San Francisco
`
`Many of the projects described in this article
`would not be possible without another technical
`innovation just brought online by the Coast Guard, the
`DGPS system. DGPS enhances “regular” GPS by
`building reference stations every two hundred miles or
`so around the coast. These stations are surveyed in
`with centimeter accuracy, and constatly compare their
`own known position to the position they receive from
`the GPS satellites. They then calculate the position
`error, and transmit that “differential” vector over
`existing radiobeacon frequencies. Mobile diff