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`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`____________________
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`____________________
`
`APPLE INC.,
`Petitioner
`
`v.
`
`UNILOC LUXEMBOURG S.A.,
`Patent Owner
`
`____________________
`
`Patent No. 8,239,852
`____________________
`
`DECLARATION OF MR. JAMES GEIER IN SUPPORT OF PETITION
`FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW OF U.S. PATENT NO. 8,239,852
`
`
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1003
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`

`

`Declaration of Mr. James Geier
`U.S. Patent No. 8,239,852
`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`Contents
`INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 1
`
`BACKGROUND AND QUALIFICATIONS ................................................. 1
`
`I.
`
`II.
`
`III.
`
`INFORMATION CONSIDERED ................................................................... 3
`
`IV. RELEVANT LEGAL STANDARDS ............................................................. 4
`
`A.
`
`B.
`
`C.
`
`Claim Interpretation .............................................................................. 4
`
`Perspective of One of Ordinary Skill in the Art .................................... 4
`
`Obviousness ........................................................................................... 5
`
`V.
`
`LEVEL OF ORDINARY SKILL IN THE ART ............................................. 8
`
`VI. SUMMARY OF MY OPINIONS ................................................................... 9
`
`VII. TECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ........................................................ 10
`
`VIII. THE ’852 PATENT ....................................................................................... 13
`
`IX. MICHIELS AND EISEN .............................................................................. 15
`
`A. Overview of Michiels (Ex. 1004) ........................................................ 15
`
`B.
`
`C.
`
`Overview of Eisen (Ex. 1005) ............................................................. 17
`
`Claim 18 .............................................................................................. 18
`
`1.
`
`2.
`
`3.
`
`Preamble: “A client device configured to execute a
`computer program to perform a remote update of a
`program configuration on the client device, the client
`device comprising:” .................................................................. 18
`
`Element [18a]: “a processor;” ................................................... 19
`
`Element [18b]: “a memory coupled to the processor and
`storing the computer program which, when executed by
`the processor,” ........................................................................... 19
`
`i
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`APPLE EXHIBIT 1003
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`

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`4.
`
`5.
`
`6.
`
`7.
`
`8.
`
`9.
`
`Declaration of Mr. James Geier
`U.S. Patent No. 8,239,852
`Element [18b(i)]: “(i) performs physical device
`recognition on the client device to determine machine
`parameters including account information for a user of
`the client device and features of software that the user of
`the client device is entitled to use,” .......................................... 19
`
`Element [18b(ii)]: “(ii) generates a unique device
`identifier for the client device, the unique device
`identifier is generated based at least in part on the
`determined machine parameters, and” ...................................... 28
`
`Element [18b(iii)]: “(iii) collects a unique software
`identifier for the software on the client device, the unique
`software identifier being unique to a particular copy of
`the software and to a particular user of the software; and” ...... 29
`
`Element [18c(i)]: “a transceiver configured to (i) send the
`unique device identifier and the unique software
`identifier to an update server via the Internet” ......................... 30
`
`Element [18c(i)(1)]: “to determine, based on analyzing
`the unique device identifier and the unique software
`identifier, an updated program configuration, and” .................. 31
`
`Element [18c(ii)]: “(ii) receive, from the update server,
`the updated program configuration if the user associated
`with the unique device identifier is entitled to use
`features of the updated program configuration according
`to a license associated with the unique software
`identifier.” ................................................................................. 33
`
`D.
`
`Claim 1 ................................................................................................ 34
`
`1.
`
`2.
`
`Preamble: “A system for remotely updating a program
`configuration, comprising a client device and an update
`server wherein:” ........................................................................ 34
`
`Element [1a]: “(a) the client device is configured to
`execute a computer program to perform a remote update
`of a program configuration on the client device, the client
`device comprising:” .................................................................. 34
`
`
`
`
`
`-ii-
`
`
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`3.
`
`4.
`
`5.
`
`6.
`
`7.
`
`8.
`
`9.
`
`Declaration of Mr. James Geier
`U.S. Patent No. 8,239,852
`Element [1a(1)]: “a first processor coupled to a memory
`storing the computer program which, when executed by
`the first processor,” ................................................................... 34
`
`Element [1a(1)(i)]: “(i) performs physical device
`recognition on the client device to determine machine
`parameters including account information for a user of
`the client device and features of software that the user of
`the client device is entitled to use,” .......................................... 34
`
`Element [1a(1)(ii)]: “(ii) generates a unique device
`identifier for the client device, the unique device
`identifier is generated based at least in part on the
`determined machine parameters, and” ...................................... 35
`
`Element [1a(1)(iii)]: “(iii) collects a unique software
`identifier for the software on the client device, the unique
`software identifier being unique to a particular copy of
`the software and to a particular user of the software; and” ...... 35
`
`Element [1a(2)]: “a first transceiver configured to send
`the unique device identifier and the unique software
`identifier to the update server via the Internet; and” ................ 35
`
`Element [1b]: “(b) the update server is configured to
`receive the unique device identifier and the unique
`software identifier from the client device, the update
`server comprising:” ................................................................... 35
`
`Element [1b(1)]: “a second processor coupled to a
`memory and configured to analyze the unique device
`identifier and the unique software identifier at the update
`server, and to determine, based on the analyzed unique
`device identifier and the analyzed unique software
`identifier, an updated program configuration if the user
`associated with the unique device identifier is entitled to
`use features of the updated program configuration
`according to a license associated with the unique
`software identifier; and” ........................................................... 35
`
`
`
`
`
`-iii-
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`Declaration of Mr. James Geier
`U.S. Patent No. 8,239,852
`10. Element [1b(2)]: “a second transceiver configured to
`deliver, via the Internet, data representing the updated
`program configuration to the client device for storage
`therein.” ..................................................................................... 36
`
`E.
`
`F.
`
`Claim 5: “wherein the unique device identifier further
`comprises one or more geo-location codes” ....................................... 37
`
`Claim 6: “wherein at least one of the one or more geo-location
`codes comprise an Internet Protocol address of the client
`device” ................................................................................................. 38
`
`X. MICHIELS, EISEN, AND VILLELA .......................................................... 38
`
`A. Overview of Villela (Ex. 1008) ........................................................... 38
`
`B.
`
`C.
`
`Claim 2: “wherein the unique device identifier comprises a hash
`code” .................................................................................................... 39
`
`Claim 3: “wherein the computer program, when executed,
`implements at least one irreversible transformation such that the
`machine parameters cannot be derived from the unique device
`identifier” ............................................................................................. 41
`
`D.
`
`Claim 4: “wherein the at least one irreversible transformation
`comprises a cryptographic hash function” .......................................... 42
`
`XI. MICHIELS, EISEN, AND SHAKKARWAR............................................... 42
`
`A. Overview of Shakkarwar (Ex. 1009) .................................................. 42
`
`B.
`
`C.
`
`Claim 7: “wherein the machine parameters comprise
`information regarding at least one of: machine model number,
`machine serial number, machine ROM version, machine bus
`speed, machine manufacturer name, machine ROM release
`date, machine ROM size, machine UID, and machine service
`tag” ...................................................................................................... 43
`
`Claim 8: “wherein the machine parameters comprise
`information regarding at least one of: CPU ID, CPU model,
`CPU details, CPU actual speed, CPU family, CPU
`manufacturer name, CPU voltage, and CPU external clock” ............. 44
`
`
`
`
`
`-iv-
`
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`APPLE EXHIBIT 1003
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`

`D.
`
`Declaration of Mr. James Geier
`U.S. Patent No. 8,239,852
`Claim 16: “wherein the machine parameters comprise
`information regarding at least one of: device model, device
`model IMEI, device model IMSI, and device model LCD” ............... 45
`
`XIII. SCHULL AND SPRONG ............................................................................. 47
`
`A. Overview of Schull (Ex. 1006) ........................................................... 47
`
`B.
`
`C.
`
`Overview of Sprong (Ex. 1007) .......................................................... 49
`
`Claim 18 .............................................................................................. 50
`
`1.
`
`2.
`
`3.
`
`4.
`
`5.
`
`6.
`
`7.
`
`Preamble: “A client device configured to execute a
`computer program to perform a remote update of a
`program configuration on the client device, the client
`device comprising:” .................................................................. 50
`
`Element [18a]: “a processor;” ................................................... 51
`
`Element [18b]: “a memory coupled to the processor and
`storing the computer program which, when executed by
`the processor,” ........................................................................... 51
`
`Element [18b(i)]: “(i) performs physical device
`recognition on the client device to determine machine
`parameters including account information for a user of
`the client device and features of software that the user of
`the client device is entitled to use,” .......................................... 52
`
`Element [18b(ii)]: “(ii) generates a unique device
`identifier for the client device, the unique device
`identifier is generated based at least in part on the
`determined machine parameters, and” ...................................... 56
`
`Element [18b(iii)]: “(iii) collects a unique software
`identifier for the software on the client device, the unique
`software identifier being unique to a particular copy of
`the software and to a particular user of the software; and” ...... 57
`
`Element [18c(i)]: “a transceiver configured to (i) send the
`unique device identifier and the unique software
`identifier to an update server via the Internet” ......................... 59
`
`
`
`
`
`-v-
`
`
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`APPLE EXHIBIT 1003
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`

`8.
`
`9.
`
`Declaration of Mr. James Geier
`U.S. Patent No. 8,239,852
`Element [18c(i)(1)]: “to determine, based on analyzing
`the unique device identifier and the unique software
`identifier, an updated program configuration, and” .................. 59
`
`Element [18c(ii)]: “(ii) receive, from the update server,
`the updated program configuration if the user associated
`with the unique device identifier is entitled to use
`features of the updated program configuration according
`to a license associated with the unique software
`identifier.” ................................................................................. 63
`
`D.
`
`Claim 1 ................................................................................................ 64
`
`1.
`
`2.
`
`3.
`
`4.
`
`5.
`
`6.
`
`Preamble: “A system for remotely updating a program
`configuration, comprising a client device and an update
`server wherein:” ........................................................................ 64
`
`Element [1a]: “(a) the client device is configured to
`execute a computer program to perform a remote update
`of a program configuration on the client device, the client
`device comprising:” .................................................................. 65
`
`Element [1a(1)]: “a first processor coupled to a memory
`storing the computer program which, when executed by
`the first processor,” ................................................................... 65
`
`Element [1a(1)(i)]: “(i) performs physical device
`recognition on the client device to determine machine
`parameters including account information for a user of
`the client device and features of software that the user of
`the client device is entitled to use,” .......................................... 65
`
`Element [1a(1)(ii)]: “(ii) generates a unique device
`identifier for the client device, the unique device
`identifier is generated based at least in part on the
`determined machine parameters, and” ...................................... 65
`
`Element [1a(1)(iii)]: “(iii) collects a unique software
`identifier for the software on the client device, the unique
`software identifier being unique to a particular copy of
`the software and to a particular user of the software; and” ...... 65
`
`
`
`
`
`-vi-
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`

`7.
`
`8.
`
`9.
`
`Declaration of Mr. James Geier
`U.S. Patent No. 8,239,852
`Element [1a(2)]: “a first transceiver configured to send
`the unique device identifier and the unique software
`identifier to the update server via the Internet; and” ................ 65
`
`Element [1b]: “(b) the update server is configured to
`receive the unique device identifier and the unique
`software identifier from the client device, the update
`server comprising:” ................................................................... 66
`
`Element [1b(1)]: “a second processor coupled to a
`memory and configured to analyze the unique device
`identifier and the unique software identifier at the update
`server, and to determine, based on the analyzed unique
`device identifier and the analyzed unique software
`identifier, an updated program configuration if the user
`associated with the unique device identifier is entitled to
`use features of the updated program configuration
`according to a license associated with the unique
`software identifier; and” ........................................................... 66
`
`10. Element [1b(2)]: “a second transceiver configured to
`deliver, via the Internet, data representing the updated
`program configuration to the client device for storage
`therein.” ..................................................................................... 67
`
`XIV. SCHULL, SPRONG, AND VILLELA ......................................................... 68
`
`A.
`
`B.
`
`Claim 2: “wherein the unique device identifier comprises a hash
`code” .................................................................................................... 68
`
`Claim 3: “wherein the computer program, when executed,
`implements at least one irreversible transformation such that the
`machine parameters cannot be derived from the unique device
`identifier” ............................................................................................. 70
`
`C.
`
`Claim 4: “wherein the at least one irreversible transformation
`comprises a cryptographic hash function” .......................................... 71
`
`XV. SCHULL, SPRONG, AND EISEN ............................................................... 71
`
`A.
`
`Claim 5: “wherein the unique device identifier further
`comprises one or more geo-location codes” ....................................... 71
`
`
`
`
`
`-vii-
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`
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`APPLE EXHIBIT 1003
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`

`B.
`
`Declaration of Mr. James Geier
`U.S. Patent No. 8,239,852
`Claim 6: “wherein at least one of the one or more geo-location
`codes comprise an Internet Protocol address of the client
`device” ................................................................................................. 73
`
`XVI. SCHULL, SPRONG, AND SHAKKARWAR ............................................. 74
`
`A.
`
`B.
`
`C.
`
`Claim 7: “wherein the machine parameters comprise
`information regarding at least one of: machine model number,
`machine serial number, machine ROM version, machine bus
`speed, machine manufacturer name, machine ROM release
`date, machine ROM size, machine UID, and machine service
`tag” ...................................................................................................... 74
`
`Claim 8: “wherein the machine parameters comprise
`information regarding at least one of: CPU ID, CPU model,
`CPU details, CPU actual speed, CPU family, CPU
`manufacturer name, CPU voltage, and CPU external clock” ............. 75
`
`Claim 16: “wherein the machine parameters comprise
`information regarding at least one of: device model, device
`model IMEI, device model IMSI, and device model LCD” ............... 76
`
`XVII. SCHULL, SPRONG, AND HUGHES .......................................................... 76
`
`A.
`
`Claim 17: “wherein the machine parameters comprise
`information regarding at least one of: wireless 802.11, webcam,
`game controller, silicone serial, and PCI controller” .......................... 76
`
`XVIII.
`
`CONCLUSION ................................................................................... 78
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`-viii-
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`APPLE EXHIBIT 1003
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`

`Declaration of Mr. James Geier
`U.S. Patent No. 8,239,852
`
`1.
`
`I, Mr. James Geier, declare as follows:
`
`I.
`
`INTRODUCTION
`2.
`
`I have been retained by Apple Inc. (“Apple”) as an independent expert
`
`consultant in this proceeding before the United States Patent and Trademark Office
`
`(“PTO”).
`
`3.
`
`I have been asked to consider whether certain references teach or
`
`suggest the features recited in Claims 1-8 and 16-18 of U.S. Patent No. 8,239,852
`
`(“the ’852 Patent”) (Ex. 1001)1. My opinions and the bases for my opinions are set
`
`forth below.
`
`4.
`
`I am being compensated at my ordinary and customary consulting rate
`
`for my work. My compensation is in no way contingent on the nature of my
`
`findings, the presentation of my findings in testimony, or the outcome of this or
`
`any other proceeding. I have no other financial interest in this proceeding.
`
`II. BACKGROUND AND QUALIFICATIONS
`5.
`All of my opinions stated in this declaration are based on my own
`
`personal knowledge and professional judgment. In forming my opinions, I have
`
`relied on my knowledge and experience in designing, developing, researching, and
`
`
` Where appropriate, I refer to exhibits that I understand are attached to the petition
`
` 1
`
`for Inter Partes Review of the ’852 Patent.
`
`1
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`Declaration of Mr. James Geier
`U.S. Patent No. 8,239,852
`
`teaching the technology referenced in this declaration.
`
`6.
`
`I am over 18 years of age and, if I am called upon to do so, I would be
`
`competent to testify as to the matters set forth herein. I understand that a copy of
`
`my current curriculum vitae, which details my education and professional and
`
`academic experience, is being submitted as Exhibit 1013. The following provides
`
`a brief overview of some of my experience that is relevant to the matters set forth
`
`in this declaration.
`
`7.
`
`I am a practicing engineer with 30 years of experience in the
`
`communications industry designing, analyzing, and implementing communications
`
`systems, wireless networks, and mobile devices for different markets, such as
`
`municipalities, hospitals, airports, and chemical and oil processing facilities. I am
`
`also the author of over a dozen books on wireless networking and communications
`
`systems topics, and I have served as an active participant within IEEE and Wi-Fi
`
`Alliance standards organizations.
`
`8.
`
`I received a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from California State
`
`University in 1985, an M.S. in Electrical Engineering from the Air Force Institute
`
`of Technology in 1990, and an M.B.A. from the University of Phoenix in 2001.
`
`9.
`
`I have significant experience designing and implementing wired and
`
`wireless networks. From 1990 to 1992, I was a systems design engineer, with the
`
`rank of Captain of the U.S. Air Force, where I designed and implemented IEEE
`
`2
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`Declaration of Mr. James Geier
`U.S. Patent No. 8,239,852
`802.3 Ethernet networks and Cisco router-based wide area networks for Wright-
`
`Patterson Air Force Base. This involved designing and overseeing the installation
`
`of corresponding networks throughout Wright-Patterson Air Force Base for
`
`supporting thousands of users migrating from centralized mainframe computers to
`
`distributed server-based systems. From 1994 to 1996, I was employed as a senior
`
`systems engineer at TASC, Inc., where I worked primarily on the design and
`
`implementation of communication data networks for civilian and military
`
`applications. For example, I designed a highly secure communications network for
`
`a U.S. Navy attack submarine. In addition, while at TASC, I designed computer
`
`networks for various organizations, such as Dayton Power and Light. From 1996
`
`to 2000, I was an engineer and manager at Monarch Marking Systems, where I
`
`designed and developed wireless printers and corresponding networks for
`
`customers. Some of the those projects dealt with the designing and implementing
`
`of systems for updating and maintaining programs running on remote handheld
`
`devices. Since 2000, I have been the principal consultant of Wireless-Nets, Ltd.,
`
`where I provide independent consulting services. As a consultant, I have designed
`
`dozens of large-scale IEEE 802.11 wireless networks for cities, hospitals, airports,
`
`and industrial plants and assisted product manufacturers with the design and
`
`implementation of applications that operate over wireless networks.
`
`III.
`
`INFORMATION CONSIDERED
`
`3
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`Declaration of Mr. James Geier
`U.S. Patent No. 8,239,852
`In preparation for this declaration, I have considered the materials
`
`10.
`
`discussed in this declaration, including, for example, the ’852 Patent, the
`
`references cited by the ’852 Patent, the prosecution history of the ’852 Patent,
`
`various background articles and books referenced in this declaration, and the prior
`
`art references identified in this declaration. In addition, my opinions are also based
`
`on my education, training, experience, and knowledge in the relevant field.
`
`IV. RELEVANT LEGAL STANDARDS
`11.
`I am not an attorney and offer no legal opinions. For the purposes of
`
`this Declaration, I have been informed about certain aspects of the law that are
`
`relevant to my analysis.
`
`A. Claim Interpretation
`12.
`I have been informed and understand that in an inter partes
`
`proceeding, “a claim in an unexpired patent shall be given its broadest reasonable
`
`construction in light of the specification of the patent in which it appears.” I have
`
`been asked to interpret the claims of the ’852 Patent using this standard.
`
`13.
`
`I have been informed and understand that claim construction is a
`
`matter of law and that the final claim constructions for this proceeding will be
`
`determined by the Patent Trial and Appeal Board.
`
`B.
`14.
`
`Perspective of One of Ordinary Skill in the Art
`
`I have been informed and understand that a patent is to be understood
`
`4
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`Declaration of Mr. James Geier
`U.S. Patent No. 8,239,852
`from the perspective of a hypothetical “person of ordinary skill in the art”
`
`(“POSITA”). Such an individual is considered to possess normal skills and
`
`knowledge in a particular technical field (as opposed to being a genius). I
`
`understand that in considering what the claims of a patent require, what was known
`
`prior to that patent, what a prior art reference discloses, and whether an invention
`
`is obvious or not, one must use the perspective of such a person of ordinary skill in
`
`the art.
`
`C. Obviousness
`15.
`I have been informed and understand that a patent claim is obvious
`
`under 35 U.S.C. § 103, and therefore invalid, if the claimed subject matter, as a
`
`whole, would have been obvious to a person of ordinary skill in the art as of the
`
`priority date of the patent based on one or more prior art references and/or the
`
`knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art.
`
`16.
`
`I understand that an obviousness analysis must consider (1) the scope
`
`and content of the prior art, (2) the differences between the claims and the prior art,
`
`(3) the level of ordinary skill in the pertinent art, and (4) secondary considerations,
`
`if any, of non-obviousness (such as unexpected results, commercial success, long-
`
`felt but unmet need, failure of others, copying by others, and skepticism of
`
`experts).
`
`17.
`
`I understand that a prior art reference may be combined with other
`
`5
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`Declaration of Mr. James Geier
`U.S. Patent No. 8,239,852
`references to disclose each element of the invention under 35 U.S.C. § 103. I
`
`understand that a reference may also be combined with the knowledge of a person
`
`of ordinary skill in the art, and that this knowledge may be used to combine
`
`multiple references. I further understand that a person of ordinary skill in the art is
`
`presumed to know the relevant prior art. I understand that the obviousness analysis
`
`may take into account the inferences and creative steps that a person of ordinary
`
`skill in the art would employ.
`
`18.
`
`In determining whether a prior art reference would have been
`
`combined with other prior art or other information known to a person of ordinary
`
`skill in the art, I understand that the following principles may be considered:
`
`a. whether the references to be combined involve non-analogous art;
`
`b. whether the references to be combined are in different fields of
`
`endeavor than the alleged invention in the Patent;
`
`c. whether the references to be combined are reasonably pertinent to the
`
`problems to which the inventions of the Patent are directed;
`
`d. whether the combination is of familiar elements according to known
`
`methods that yields predictable results;
`
`e. whether a combination involves the substitution of one known
`
`element for another that yields predictable results;
`
`f. whether the combination involves the use of a known technique to
`
`6
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`Declaration of Mr. James Geier
`U.S. Patent No. 8,239,852
`improve similar items or methods in the same way that yields
`
`predictable results;
`
`g. whether the combination involves the application of a known
`
`technique to a prior art reference that is ready for improvement, to
`
`yield predictable results;
`
`h. whether the combination is “obvious to try”;
`
`i. whether the combination involves the known work in one field of
`
`endeavor prompting variations of it for use in either the same field or
`
`a different one based on design incentives or other market forces,
`
`where the variations are predictable to a person of ordinary skill in
`
`the art;
`
`j. whether there is some teaching, suggestion, or motivation in the prior
`
`art that would have led one of ordinary skill in the art to modify the
`
`prior art reference or to combine prior art reference teachings to
`
`arrive at the claimed invention;
`
`k. whether the combination requires modifications that render the prior
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`art unsatisfactory for its intended use;
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`l. whether the combination requires modifications that change the
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`principle of operation of the reference;
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`m. whether the combination is reasonably expected to be a success; and
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`Declaration of Mr. James Geier
`U.S. Patent No. 8,239,852
`n. whether the combination possesses the requisite degree of
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`predictability at the time the invention was made.
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`19.
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`I understand that in determining whether a combination of prior art
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`references renders a claim obvious, it is helpful to consider whether there is some
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`teaching, suggestion, or motivation to combine the references and a reasonable
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`expectation of success in doing so. I understand, however, that a teaching,
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`suggestion, or motivation to combine is not required.
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`V. LEVEL OF ORDINARY SKILL IN THE ART
`20.
`I am familiar with the level of ordinary skill in the art with respect to
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`the ’852 Patent around its filing date.2 Based on my experience working, teaching,
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`and conducting research in the relevant field, and based on my review of the ’852
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`Patent specification, claims, file history, and prior art, I believe one of ordinary
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`skill in the art around the time of the alleged invention of the ’852 Patent would
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`have been someone with at least a bachelor’s degree in computer science or
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`equivalent, and at least two years of experience in software engineering, computer
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`systems, and/or electronic commerce, or an equivalent amount of relevant work or
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`
` 2
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` My opinions expressed in this declaration are the same whether the ’852 Patent is
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`entitled to a priority date at its provisional filing (June 24, 2009) or actual filing
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`(June 18, 2010).
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`Declaration of Mr. James Geier
`U.S. Patent No. 8,239,852
`research experience. Additional education could substitute for work experience
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`and vice versa.
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`21.
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`In determining the level of ordinary skill in the art, I considered, for
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`example, the type of problems encountered in the art, prior art solutions to those
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`problems, the rapidity with which innovations are made, the sophistication of the
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`technology, and the educational level of active workers in the field.
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`22. My opinions concerning the ’852 Patent claims and the prior art are
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`from the perspective of a person of ordinary skill in the art (“POSITA”), as set
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`forth above.
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`VI. SUMMARY OF MY OPINIONS
`23.
`I have been asked to consider whether the claims of the ’852 Patent
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`are obvious over certain prior art references. As explained below in detail in this
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`declaration, it is my opinion that:
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`(1) Claims 1, 5, 6, and 18 of the ’852 Patent are obvious over International
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`Patent Pub. WO 2007/107905 (“Michiels”) and U.S. Patent Pub.
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`2007/0239606 (“Eisen”);
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`(2) Claims 2-4 of the ’852 Patent are obvious over Michiels, Eisen, and U.S.
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`Patent Pub. 2007/0113090 (“Villela”);
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`(3) Claim 16 of the ’852 Patent is obvious over Michiels, Eisen, and U.S.
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`Patent Pub. 2008/0120195 (“Shakkarwar”);
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`Declaration of Mr. James Geier
`U.S. Patent No. 8,239,852
`(4) Claim 17 of the ’852 Patent is obvious over Michiels, Eisen, and U.S.
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`Patent Pub. 2004/0059938 (“Hughes”);
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`(5) Claims 1 and 18 of the ’852 Patent are obvious over U.S. Patent Pub.
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`2002/0004785 (“Schull”) and U.S. Patent No. 6,134,659 (“Sprong”);
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`(6) Claims 2-4 of the ’852 Patent are obvious over Schull, Sprong, and
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`Villela;
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`(7) Claims 5-6 of the ’852 Patent are obvious over Schull, Sprong, and
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`Eisen;
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`(8) Claims 7, 8, and 16 of the ’852 Patent is obvious over Michiels, Eisen,
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`and Shakkarwar; and;
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`(9) Claim 17 of the ’852 Patent is obvious over Schull, Sprong, and Hughes.
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`VII. TECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND
`24. Throughout the life of a computer device, programs on the device
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`need to be updated to reflect new releases of the software, licenses, and other
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`parameters. In older systems, the process of updating the programs on most
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`computer devices required inserting some sort of media (e.g., floppy disk) into the
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`device and then transferring applicable data (e.g., new versions of software,
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`licenses, etc.) from the media to the device. This was a tedious process for
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`organizations having more than a dozen devices. The logistics involved with
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`providing an update disk to each user was not always practical. In many situations,
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`Declaration of Mr. James Geier
`U.S. Patent No. 8,239,852
`some devices would not receive timely updates, especially when users were
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`responsible fo