throbber
(12) United States Patent
`Carter et al.
`
`(54) METHOD FOR MAKING HUMANIZED
`ANTIBODlliS
`Inventors: Paul J. Carter; Leonard G. Presta,
`botb of San Francisco, CA (US)
`
`(75)
`
`(73) Assignee: Genentech, Inc., Soutb San Francisco,
`CA(US)
`
`( * ) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term o( this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`(21) Appl. No.:
`
`08/146,206
`
`(22) PCT Filed:
`(86) PCT No.:
`
`Jun. 15, 1992
`
`PCT/US92/05126
`
`§ 371 (c)(l),
`(2), (4) Date: Nov. 17, 1993
`
`(63)
`
`(51)
`(52)
`
`(58)
`
`(56)
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`Continuatioo-in-part of applicatioo No. 07n15,272, filed on
`Jun. 14, 1991, now abandoned.
`
`Int. Cl.7 .......•......................••..•.•.......•.•• C07K 16/00
`U.S. Cl ................... 530/387.3; 435/69.6; 435/69.7;
`435/70.21; 435/91; 536/23.53; 424/133.1
`Field of Search ............................... 435/69.6, 69.7,
`435/70.21, 91, 172.2, 240.1, 240.27, 252.3,
`320.1, 328; 536/23.53; 424/133.l ; 530/387.3
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`3/1989 CabiUy et al.
`7/1989 Urda I et al. ........... 530/388.22
`7/1992 Huston el al. ........... 530/387.3
`7/1993 Winter .................... 530/389.3
`6/1996 Queen el al. ............ 530/387.3
`9/1996 Bendig el al. ........... 424/133.l
`12/1996 Queen el aJ. . ........ ... 424/133.1
`........... 435n.23
`10/1997 Hudziak et al.
`* 12/1997 Queen el al. ............ 530/387.2
`2/1998 Co el al. ................... 435/69.6
`......... 424/130.l
`6/1998 Hudziak el al.
`10/1998 Carter el al. ............. 530/387.3
`11/ 1998 Lowman et al. ............ 5301399
`1/1999 Adair et al. ............. 530/387.3
`
`4,816,567 A
`4,845,198 A
`5,132,405 A
`5,225,539 A
`5,530,101 A
`5,558,864 A
`5,585,089 A
`5,677,171 A
`5,693,762 A
`5,714,350 A
`5,772,997 A
`5,821,337 A
`5,834,598 A
`5,859,205 A
`
`FOREIGN PAJENT DOCUMENTS
`
`AU
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`
`El'
`
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`
`85058/91
`120694
`125023 Al
`0 239 400
`323806 Al
`328404 Al
`338745 Al
`365209 A2
`365997 A2
`
`368684
`403156 Al
`
`438310 A2
`438312 A2
`44035L A2
`
`0 460 167 Bl
`0 519 596 Al
`
`...... ..... C07K/15/12
`
`........... Cl2N/15/00
`
`......... A61K/39/395
`
`3/1992
`10/1984
`11/1984
`* 9/1987
`7/1989
`8/1989
`10/1989
`4/1990
`5/1990
`5/1990
`12/1990
`7/1991
`7/1991
`8/1991
`12/1991
`12/1992
`
`I lllll llllllll Ill lllll lllll lllll lllll lllll 111111111111111111111111111111111
`
`US006407213Bl
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 6,407,213 Bl
`Jun.18,2002
`
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`GB
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`WO
`
`0 592 106 Al
`0 620 276
`682040 Al
`451216 Bl
`432249 Bl
`2 188941
`WO 87/02671
`WO 88/09344
`WO 89/01783
`WO 89/06692
`WO 89/09622
`WO 90/07861
`90/07861
`WO 91/07492
`WO 91/07500
`WO 91/09966
`WO 91/09968
`WO 91/09967
`WO 92/01047
`WO 92/04380
`WO 92/04381
`WO 92/05274
`WO 92/11383
`WO 92/ll018
`WO 92/15683
`WO 92/16562
`WO 92/22653
`WO 93/02191
`94/11509
`WO 94/12214
`
`4/1994
`10/1994
`11/1995
`l/1996
`9/1996
`10/1987
`5/1987
`12/1988
`3/1989
`7/1989
`10/1989
`7/1990
`* 7/1990
`5/1991
`5/1991
`7/1991
`7/1991
`11/1991
`1/1992
`3/1992
`3/1992
`4/1992
`7/1992
`9/1992
`9/1992
`10/1992
`12/1992
`2/1993
`5/1994
`6/1994
`
`........... Cl2P/21/08
`
`........... Cl2P/21/00
`
`........... C12P/21/08
`
`........... C12P/21/08
`
`.......... A61K/35/14
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`Riechmann et al. [Nature 332:323-327 (1988)].*
`Queen et al. [Proc. Nall. Acad. Sci. 86:10029-10033
`(1989)]. *
`Roitl [I111111unology, published 1985, by Gower Medical
`Publishing Ltd. (London, England) p. 5.5]. *
`Tramontano el al. [J. Mol. Biol. 215:175-182 (1990)]. *
`"Biosym Tecbnologies" in New Products, Chemical Design
`Automation 3 (Dec. 1988).
`"Polygen Corporation" in New Products, CbcmicaJ Design
`Automalioo 3 (Nov. 1988).
`Adair et al., "Humanization of tbe murine anti-bu man CD 3
`monoclonal antibody OKT3" Hum. Antibod. Hybridomas
`5:41-47 (1994).
`Chotbia et al., "Principles of protein-protein recognition"
`Nature 256:705-708 (1975).
`Chotbia et al., "Transmission of conformational change in
`insulin" Nature 302:500-505 (1983).
`Corti et al., "Idiotope Determining Regions of a Mouse
`Monoclonal Antibody and Tis Humanized Versions" J. Mol.
`Biol. 235:53-60 (1994) .
`
`(Lisi continued on next page.)
`Primary Examiner---1\nthony C. Caputa
`Assistant Examiner-Minh-Tam Davis
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Wendy M. Lee
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`
`Variant immunoglobulins, particularly humanized antibody
`polypeptides are provided, along with metbo ds for their
`preparation and use. Consensus immunoglobulin sequences
`and structural models are also provided.
`
`82 Claims, 9 Drawing Sheets
`
`1 of 61
`
`BI Exhibit 1001
`
`

`

`US 6,407,213 Bl
`Page 2
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Couto et al., "Anti-BA46 Monoclonal Antibody Mc3
`Humanization Using a Novel Positional Consensus and in
`Vivo and in Vitro Characterization" Cancer Research
`Supplemem 55:1717-1722 (1995).
`Couto et al., "Humanization of KC4G3, an Anti-Human
`Carcinoma Antibody" Hybridoma 13:215-219 (1994).
`Ellis et al., "Engineered Anti-CD38 Monoclonal Antibodies
`for Immunotherapy of Multiple Myeloma" The Journal of
`Immunology pp. 925-937 (1995).
`1-lieter et al., "Evolution of Human lmmu no globulin K J
`Region Genes" The Journal of Biological Chemistry
`257:1516-1522 (1982).
`Lesk, Arthur M., "How Different Amino Acid Sequences
`Determine Similar Protein Structures: The Structure and
`Evolutionary Dynamics of the Globins" J. Mo/. Biol.
`135:225-270 (1980).
`in T4
`Matsumura et al., "Hydrophobic stabilization
`lysozyme determined directly by multiple substitutions of
`Ile 3" Na/Ure 334:406-410 (1988).
`Morrison, S. L., "Transfectomas Provide Novel Chimeric
`Antibodies" Science 229: L202-1207 (Sep. 20, 1985).
`Nakatani et al., ''Humanization of mouse anti-human IL-2
`receptor antibody B-810" Protein Engineering 7:435-443
`(1994).
`Ohtomo et al., "Humanization of Mouse ONS-M2l Anti­
`body with the Aid of Hybrid Variable Regions" Molecular
`Immunology 32:407-416 (1995).
`Rodrigues et al., "Engineering a humanized bispecific
`F(ab')2 fragment for improved binding to T cells" Int. J.
`Cancer (Suppl.) 7:45-50 (1992).
`Sha et al., "A Heavy-Chain Grafted Antibody that Recog­
`nizes the Tumor-Associated TAG72 Antigen" Cancer Bio-
`1/ierapy 9:341-349 {1994).
`Tempest el al., "Identification of framework residues
`required to restore antigen binding during reshaping of a
`monoclonal antibody against the glycoprotein gB of human
`cytomegalovirus" Int. J. Biol. Mncromol. 17:37-42 (1995).
`Tramontano, "Structural Determinants of the Conformations
`of Medium-Sized Loops in Proteins" Pr01eins 6:382-394
`(1989).
`Uchiyama et al.," A Monoclonal Antibody (Anti-Tac) Reac­
`tive with Activated and Functionally Mature Human T
`Cells" Journal of Immunology 126:1393-1397 (1981).
`Yincenti et al., "lnterleukin-2-Receptor Blockade with
`Daclizumab to Prevent Acute Rejection in Renal Transplan­
`tation" New Engl. J. Med. 338:161-165 (1998).
`Yitetta et al., "Redesigning Nature's Poisons to Create
`Anti-Tumor Reagents" Science 238:1098-1104 (1987).
`Waldmann et al., "Interleukin 2 Receptor (Tac Antigen)
`Expression in HTL V-1-associa ted Adult T-Cell Leukemia"
`Cancer Research 45:4559s-4562s (1985).
`Waldmann, Thomas A, "The Structure, Function, and
`Expression of Interleukin-2 Receptors on Normal and
`Malignant Lymphocytes" Science 232:727-732 (1986).
`Wu et al., "An Analysis of the Sequences of the Variable
`Regions of Bence Jones Proteins and Myeloma Light Chains
`and Their Implications for Antibody Complementarity''
`Journal of Experimental Medicine 132:211-250 (1970).
`Rhodes, P., "Recombinant antibodies from CHO cells" Abstr
`Pap Am Chem Soc (Abstract No. 60 from the 199th Ameri­
`can Chemical Society National Meeting held in Boston, MA
`Apr. 22-27, 1990) 199(1-2):BIOT 60 (Apr. 1990).
`
`Amzcl and Poljak, "Three-dimensional structure of immu­
`noglobulins" Ann. Rev. Biochem. 48:961-967 (1979).
`Bindon et al., "Human monoclonal lgG isotypes differ in
`complement activating function at the level of C4 as well as
`Clq" Journal of Experimental Medicine 168(1):127-142
`(Jul. 1988).
`Boulianne, G. L. et al., "Production of functional chimaeric
`mouse/human antibody" Nature 312(5995):643-646 (Dec.
`1 984).
`Brown et al., "Anti-Tac-H, a humanized antibody to the
`interleukin 2 receptor, prolongs primate cardiac aUograft
`survival" Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:2663-2667 (1991).
`Bruccoleri, "Structure of antibody hypervariable loops
`reproduced by a conformational search algorithm" Nature
`(erratum to article in Nature 335(6190):564-568 and)
`336:266 (1988).
`Bruggemann, M. et al., "Comparison of the effector func­
`tions of human immunoglobuJins using a matched set of
`chimeric antibodies" Journal of Experimemal Medicine
`166:1351-1361 (1987).
`Burgess el al., "Possible Dissociation of the Heparin-bind­
`ing and Mitogenic Activities of Heparin-binding (Acidic
`Fibroblast) Growth Factor-1 from Its Receptor-binding
`Activities by Site-directed Mutagenesis of a Single Lysine
`Residue" Journal of Cell Biology 111 :2129-2138 (1990).
`Carter et al., "Humanization of an anti-p185neR2 antibody
`for human cancer
`therapy'' Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
`89:4285-4289 (1992).
`Cheetham, J., "Reshaping the antibody combining site by
`CDR replacernent-tailoting or tinkering to fit?" Pro1ein
`Engineering 2(3):170-172 (1988).
`Cbotbia and Lesk, "Canonical Struclures for the Hypervari­
`able Regions" J. Mo/. Biol. 196:901-917 (1987).
`Chothia et al., "The predicted structure of immunoglobulin
`01 .3 and its comparison with the crystal structure" Science
`233:755-758 (Aug. 15, 1986).
`Chothia, C. et al., "Conformations of immunoglobulin
`hypervariable regions" Nature 342(6252):877-883 (1989).
`Chothia, Cyrus, "Domain association in imrnunoglobulin
`molecules: The packing of variable domains" J. Mo!. Biol.
`186:651-663 (1985).
`Clark et al., "The improved Iytic function and in vivo
`efficacy of monovalent monoclonal CD3 antibodies" Euro­
`pean Journal of Immunology 19:381-388 (1989).
`Co el al., "Humanized antibodies for antiviral therapy" Proc.
`Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:2869-2873 (J 991).
`Coussens et al., "Tyrosine Kinase Receptor ·witb Extensive
`Homology to EGF Receptor Shares Chromosomal Location
`with neu Oncogene" Science 230:1132-1139 (l 985).
`Daugherty, BL et al., "Polymerase chain reaction facilitates
`the cloning, CDR-grafting, and rapid expression of a murine
`monoclonal antibody directed against the CD18 component
`of
`leukocyte
`iotegrins" Nucleic Acids Research
`19(9):2471-2476 (May 11, 1991).
`Davies, D. R. et al., "Antibody-Antigen Complexes" Ann.
`Rev. Biochem. 59:439-473 (1990).
`Epp et al., "The molecular structure of a dimer composed of
`the variable portions of the Bence-Jones protein REI refined
`at 2.0-A resolution" Biochemistry 14(22):4943-4952
`(1975).
`Fcndly ct al., "Characterization of murine monoclonal anti­
`bodies reactive to either the human epidermal growth factor
`receptor or HER2/neu gene product" Cancer Research
`50:1550-1558 (1990).
`
`2 of 61
`
`BI Exhibit 1001
`
`

`

`US 6,407,213 Bl
`Page 3
`
`Furey et al., "Structure of a novel Bence-Jones protein
`.!. Mo!. Biol.
`(Rbc) fragment at 1.6 A resolution"
`167(3):661-692 (Jul. 5, 1983).
`Gorman, SD et al., "Reshaping a therapeutic CD4 antibody"
`Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88(10):4181-4185 (May 15,
`1991).
`Gregory et al., ''The solution conformations of the sub­
`classes of human IgG deduced from sedimentation and small
`angle X-ray scattering studies" Molecular Immunology
`24(8):821--829 (Aug. 1987).
`Hale et al., "Remission induction in non-hodg.ldn lym­
`phoma with reshaped human monoclonal antibody
`campatb-lH" Lancet 1:1394-1399 (1988).
`Harris and Emery, "Therapeutic antibodies-the coming of
`age" Tibtec/1 11:42-44 (Feb. 1993).
`Huber et al., "Crystallographic structure studies of an IgG
`molecule and an Fe fragment" Nature 264:415-420 (Dec. 2,
`1976).
`Hudziak et al., "p185nem Monoclonal Antibody Has Aoti­
`proliferative Effects Tn Vitro and Sensitizes Human Breast
`Tumor Cells to Tumor Necrosis Factor" Molecular & Cel­
`lular Biology 9(3):1165-1172 (1989).
`Jaffers, G. J. et al., "Monoclonal ant.ibody therapy. Anti-id­
`iotypic and non-anti-idjotypic antibodies lo OKT3 arising
`immunosuppression" Transplantation
`despite
`intense
`41(5):572-578 (May 1986).
`Jones, P. T. et al., "Replacing the complementarity-deter­
`mining regions in a human antibody with those from a
`mouse" Nature 321(6069):522-525 (1986).
`Junghans et al., "Anti-Tac-I-I, a humanized antibody to Lbe
`interleukin 2 receptor with new features for immunotherapy
`in malignant and immune disorders" Cancer Research
`50(5):1495-1502 (Mar. l, 1990).
`Kabat et al. Sequences of Proteins of lnummological lnter­
`est, Bethesda, MD:National Institutes of Health pp. iii-xx­
`vii, 41-176 (1987).
`King et al.," Amplification of a Novel v--erbB-Related Gene
`in a Human Mammary Carcinoma" Science 229:974-976
`(1985).
`Lazar et al., "Transforming Growth Factor a: Mutation of
`Aspartic Acid 47 and Leucine 48 Results in Different
`Biological Activities" Molecular & Cellular Biology
`8(3):1247-1252 (1988).
`love et al, "Recombinant antibodies possessing novel effec­
`tor functions" Methods in Enzymology 178:515-527 (1989).
`Lupu et al., "Direct interaction of a ligand for tbe erbB2
`oncogene product with tb.e EGF receptor and p185""M2"'
`Science 249:1552-1555 (1990).
`Margni RA and Binagbi RA, "Nonprecipitating asymmetric
`antibodies" Ann. Rev. !111111unol. 6:535-554 (1988).
`Margolies e l al., "Diversity of light chain variable region
`sequences among rabbit antibodies elicited by the same
`antigens." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72:2180-84 (Jun.
`1975).
`Marquart et al., "Crystallograpb.ic refinement and atomic
`models of the intact irnmunoglobulin molecule Kol and its
`antigen-bincling fragment at 3.0 A and 1.0 A resolution" J.
`Mo!. Biol. 141(4):369-391 (Aug. 25, 1980).
`Miao, IS et al., "Structure, function and properties of anti­
`body binding sites" J. Mo/. Biol. 217(1):133-151 (Jan. 5,
`1991).
`Miller, R. et al., "Monoclonal antibody therapeutic trials in
`seven patients with T-cell lymphoma" Blood 62:988-995
`(1983).
`
`Morrison, S. L. et al., "Chimeric human antibody molecules:
`mouse antigen-binding domains with human constant
`region
`domains" Proc. Natl. Acad.
`Sci. USA
`81(21):6851-6855 (Nov. 1984).
`Neuberger et al., "Recombinant antibodies possessing novel
`effector functions" Nature 312(5995):604-608 (Dec. 1984).
`Neuberger, M. S. et al., "A hapten-specilic chimaeric lgE
`antibody with bumao physiological effector function"
`Nature 314(6008):268-270 (Mar. 1985).
`Novotny and Haber, "Structural invariants of antigen bind­
`ing: comparison of immunoglobulin YcYn and YcV,_
`Sci. USA
`dimers" Proc. Natl. Acad.
`domain
`82(14):4592-4596 (Jul. 1985).
`Pluckthun, Andreas, "Antibody engineering: advances from
`the use of Escherichia coli expression systems" Biotechnol­
`ogy 9:545-51 (1991).
`Queen, M. et al., "A humanized antibody that binds to the
`interleukin 2 receptor" Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
`86:10029-10033 (1989).
`Riecbmann, L. et al., "Reshaping human antibodies for
`therapy" Nature 332:323-327 (1988).
`Roill el al. I111111unology (Gower Medical Publishing Ltd.,
`London, England) pp. 5.5 (1985).
`Saul et al., "Preliminary refinement and structural analysis
`of the Fab fragment from human immunoglobulin new at 2.0
`resolution" Journal of .Biological Chemistry
`A
`253(2):585-597 (Jan. 25, 1978).
`Schroff, R. et al., "Human anti-murine immunoglobulin
`responses in patients receiving monoclonal antibody
`therapy" Cancer Research 45:879-885 (1985).
`Segal et al., "The three-dimensional structure of a phospho­
`rylcholine-binding mouse immunoglobulin Fab and the
`nature of the antigen binding site" Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
`USA 71(11):4298-4302 (Nov. 1974).
`Shalaby et al., "Development of humanized bispecific anti­
`bodies reactive with cytotoxic lymphocytes and 1umor cells
`ove rexpressing the HER2 protooncogene" Journal of
`Experimental Medicine 175(1):2 17-225 (Jan. 1, 1992).
`Shepard and Lewis, "Resistance of tumor cells to tumor
`necrosis factor" J. Clin. lmmunol. 8(5):333-395 (1988).
`Sheriff et al., "Three-dimensional structure of an antibody­
`antigen
`complex" Proc. Natl. Acad.
`Sci. USA
`84(22):8075-8079 (Nov. 1987).
`Sherman et al., "Haloperidol binding to monoclonal anti­
`bodies" Journal of Biological Chemistry 263:4064-4074
`(1988).
`Silverton et al., "Three-dimensional structure of an intact
`immuooglobulin" Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
`human
`74:5140-5144 (1977).
`Slamon et al., "Human Breast Cancer: Correlation of
`Relapse and Survival with Amplification of the HER-2/neu
`Oncogene" Science 235:177-182 (1987).
`Slamon et al., "Studies of the HER-2/neu proto-oncogene in
`human b reast and ovarian cancer" Science 244:707-712
`(1989).
`Snow and Amzel, "Calculating three-dimensional changes
`in protein structure due to amino-acid substitutions: the
`variable region of immu.noglobulins" Protein: Structure,
`Function, and Genetics, Alan R. Liss, Inc. vol. 1:267-279
`(1986).
`Sox et al., "Attachment of carbohydrate lo tbe variable
`region of myeloma immunoglubul.in light chains" Proc.
`Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 66:975--82 (Jul. 1970).
`
`3 of 61
`
`BI Exhibit 1001
`
`

`

`US 6,407,213 Bl
`Page 4
`
`Spiegclbcrg el al., ''Localization of the carbohydrate within
`the variable region of light and heavy chains of human yG
`myeloma proteins" Biochemisfly 9:4217-23 (Oct. 1970).
`Takeda et al., "Construction of cbimaeric processed immu­
`noglobulin genes containing mouse variable and human
`constant region sequences" Nature 314(6010):452-454
`(Apr. 1985).
`Tao et al., "Role of Carboh ydrate in the Structure and
`Effector Functions Mediated by the II uman fgG Constant
`Region" J. Immunol. 143(8):2595-2601 (1989).
`Tramontano et al., "Framework residue 71 is a major deter­
`minant of tbe position and conformation of the second
`bypervariable region in tbe VI-I domains of immuooglobu­
`lins" .l-Mo/-8iol 215(l):175-182 (Sep. 5, 1990).
`Verhoeyeo, M. et al., "Reshaping human antibodies: grafting
`an antilysozyme activity" Science 239(4847):1534-1536
`(Mar. 25, 1988).
`Waldmann, T., "Monoclonal antibodies in dia gnosis and
`therapy" Science 252:1657-1662 (1991).
`Wallick et al., "Glycosylation of a VI-I residue of a mono­
`clona.I antibody against alpha (1--6) dextran increases its
`affinity for antigen" Journal of Experimental Medicine
`168(3):1099-1109 (Sep. 1988).
`Winter and Milstein, "Mao-made antibodies" Nature
`349(6307):293-299 (.Tan. 24, t991 ).
`Yamamoto et al., '·Similarity of protein encoded by tbe
`human c-erb-B-2 gene to epidermal growth factor recep­
`tor" Nature 319:230-34 (1986).
`Carter ct al., "High level escherichia coli expression and
`production of a bivalent humanized antibody fragment"
`Bio/Technology 10:163-167 (1992).
`Foote et al., "Antibody Framework Residues Affecting the
`Conformation of the Hypervariable Loops" ./. Mo!. Biol.
`224:487-499 (1992).
`Foote, J., "Humanized Antibodies" Nova acta leopoldina
`61(269):103-110 (1989).
`Kabat et al., "Sequences of Proteins of Immunological
`Interest", Bethesda, MD:National Institute of Health pp.
`14-32 (1983).
`Kellleborough et al., "Humanization of a Mouse Mono­
`clonal Antibody by COR-gra(ting:
`the Importance of
`Framework Residues on Loop Conformation" Protein Engi­
`neering 4(7):773-783 (1991).
`Maeda el al., "Construction of Reshaped Human Antibodies
`with H1V-neutralizing Activity" Hum. Antibod. Hybrido­
`mas 2:124-134 (Jul. 1991).
`Riecbmann et al, "Expression of an Antibody Fv Fragment
`in Myeloma Cells" J. Mo/. Biol. 203:825-828 (1988).
`Routledge et al., "A Humanized Monovalent CD3 Antibody
`which Can Activate Homologous Complement" European
`Journal of Immunology 21:2717-2725 (1991).
`Shearman et al., "Construction, Expression and Character­
`ization of Humanized Antibodies Directed Against tbe
`Human a/� T Cell Receptor" J.
`Immuno/.
`147(12):4366-4373 (Dec. 15, 1991).
`Tempest et al., "Reshaping a Human Monoclonal Antibody
`to Inhibit Human Respiratory Sync ytial Virus Infection In
`Vivo" Bio/Technology 9:266-271 (Mar. 1991).
`Brown, Jr. et al., "Anti-Tac-H, a humanized antibody to tbe
`interleukin 2 receptor, prolongs primate cardiac allograft
`survival" Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:2663-2667 (1991).
`Casale et al., "Use of an anli-IgE humanized monoclonal
`antibody in ragweed-induced allergic rhinitis" J. Allergy
`Clin. Immunol. 100:110-121 (1997).
`
`Faby et al., "The Effect of an Ant i-IgE Monoclonal Anti­
`body on the Early- and Late -Phase Responses to Allergen
`Inhalation in Asthmatic Subjects" Am J. Respir. Crit. Care
`Med 155:1828-1834 (1997).
`Mathieson et al., "Monoclonal-Antibody Therapy in Sys­
`temic Vasculitis" New England J. of Medicine pp. 250-254
`(Jul. 1990).
`Presta et al., "Humanization of an anti-vascular endothelial
`growth factor monoclonal antibody for the therapy o( solid
`tumors
`and
`other
`disorders" Cancer Research
`57(20):4593-4599 (Oct. 15, 1997).
`Amit et al., "Three-Dimensional Structure of an Anti­
`gen-Antibody Complex at 2.8 A Resolution" Science
`233:747-753 (Aug. 1986).
`Amzel et al., "The Three Dimensional Strucnire of a Com­
`bining Region-Ligand Complex of Immunglobulia New at
`Sci. USA
`3 .5-A Resolution" Proc. Natl. Acad.
`71(4):1 427-1430 (Apr. 1974).
`Baselga et al., "Phase II Study of Weekly Intravenous
`Recombinant Humanized Anti-p185JHER2 Monoclonal
`Antibody
`in Patients With HER2/neu-Overexpressing
`Metastatic Breast Cancer" J. C!in. Oncol. 14(3):737-744
`(1996).
`Beverley & Callard, "Distinctive functional charcteristics of
`human "T" lymphocytes defined by E rosetting or a mono­
`clonal anti-T cell antibody" European Journal oj"/111111unol­
`ogy 11:329-334 (1981).
`Bird et al., "Single-chain antigen-binding proteins" Science
`242:423-426 (Oct. 1988).
`Brennan et al., "Preparation of bispecific antibodies by
`chemical recombination of monoclonal immunoglobulin G1
`fragments" Science 229:81-83 (Jul. 1985).
`Bruccoleri et al., "Structure of antibody hypervariable loops
`reproduced by a conformational search algorithm" Narure
`335:564-568 (Oct. 1988).
`Caron et al., "Biological and Immunological Features of
`Humanized M195 (Anti-CD33) Monoclonal Antibodies"
`Cancer Research 52:6761-6767 (Dec. 1992).
`Chothia & Lesk, "Tbe relation between the divergence of
`in proteins" EMBO Journal
`sequence and structure
`5(4):823-826 (1986).
`Co & Queen, "Huroaoized antibodies for therapy" Nature
`351:501-502 (Jun. 1991).
`Cu c::t al., "Chimc::ric an<l Humaaiw<l Anlibudic::s with Spc::ci­
`ficity for
`the CD33 Antigen"
`.!. of !1111111mology
`148(4):1149-1154 (Feb. 1992).
`Co et al., "Humanized Anti-Lewis Y Antibodies: In Vitro
`Properties and Pharmacokinetics in Rhesus Monkeys" Can­
`cer Research 56:1118-1125 (Mar. 1996).
`Colman et al., "Crystal and Molecular Structure of the
`Dimer of Variable Domains o( the Bence-Jones Protein
`ROY".!. Mo!. Biol. 116:73-79 (l 977).
`Colman et al., "Three-dimensional s tructure of a complex of
`antibody with influenza virus neuramioidase" Nature
`326:358-363 (Mar. 1987).
`Cook et al., "A map of the bum an immunoglbu1in V fl locus
`completed by analysis of the telometric region of chromo­
`some 14q" Nature Genetics 7:162-168 (Jun. 1994).
`Darsley & Rees,
`"Nucleotide sequences of five
`anti-lysoz yme monoclonal antibodies" EMBO Journal
`4(2):393-398 (1985).
`Davies & Metzger, "Structural Basis of Antibody Function"
`Ann. Rev. Immunol. 1:87-117 (1983).
`
`4 of 61
`
`BI Exhibit 1001
`
`

`

`US 6,407,213 Bl
`Page 5
`
`Davies et al., "Antibody-Antigen Complexes" Journal of
`Biological Chemistry 263(22):10541-10544 (Aug. 1988).
`Eigcnbrot et al., "X-Ray Structures of Fragments From
`Binding and Nonbinding Versions of a Humanized
`Anti--CD18 Antibody: S1ructural Indications of the Key
`Role of V H Residues 59 to 65 " Proteins 18:49-62 (1994).
`Eigenbrot et al., '·X-ray structures of the antigen-binding
`domains from three variaots of humanized anti-p 185HER 2
`antibody 405 and comparison with molecular modeling" J.
`Mo!. Biol. 229:969-995 (1993).
`Ellison el al., "The nucleotide sequence of a human immu­
`noglobuJin C,1
`gene" Nucleic Acids Research
`10(13):4071-4079 (1982).
`Emery & Adair, "Humanised monoclonal antibodies for
`therapeutic applications" fa.p. Opin. Invest. Drugs
`3(3):241-251 (1994).
`Epp et al., "Crystal and Molecular Structure of a Dimer
`Composed of the Variable Portions of the Bence-Jones
`Protein REI" £uropean.lournal of Bioche111isr1y45:513-524
`(1974).
`Fanger et al., "Bispecific antibodies and targeted cellular
`cytotoxicity" Immunology Today 1 2(2):51-54 (1991).
`Fanger et al., "Cytotoxicity mediated by human Fe receptors
`for IgG" Immunology Today 10(3) :92-99 (1989).
`Feldmann el al., "A Hypothetical Space-Filling Model of
`the V -Regions of the Galactan-Binding Myeloma Immu­
`noglobulin J539" Molecular Immunology 18(8):683-698
`(1981).
`Fendley el al., "The Extracellular Domain of HER2/oeu ls a
`Potential lmmunogen for Active Specific Immunotberapy of
`Breast Cancer".!. Biol. Resp. Mod. 9:449-455 (1990).
`Glennie et al., "Preparation and Performance of Bispeci fic
`F(ab'y)2 Antibody Containing Thiocther-Lioked Fab'y Frag­
`ments" .I. lmmunol. 139(7):2367-2375 (Oct. l , 1987).
`Gonzalez et al., "Humanization of Murine 6G425:An
`Anti-IL8 Monoclonal Antibody Which Blocks Binding of
`1L8 to Human Neutrophils" 1996 Keystone Symposia on
`Exploring and Exploiting Antibody and lg Supe1fa111ily
`Combining Sites (Poster ) pp. 1 -21 (Feb. 1996).
`Gussow & Seemann, "Humanization of Monoclonal Anti­
`bodies" Meth. Enzymology, Academic Press, Inc. vol.
`203:99-1 21 (1991).
`1-lictcr et al., "Cloned human and mouse kappa immunoglo­
`bulin constant and J region genes conserve homology in
`functional segments" Cell 22 (Part 1):197-207 (1980).
`Houghton, A., "Building a belier monoclonal antibody"
`Immunology Today 9(9):265-267 (1988).
`Huston et al., "Protein engineering of antibody binding sites :
`Recovery of specific activity in an anti-digoxin single-chain
`Fv analogue produced in Escherichia coli"' Proc. Natl.
`Acad. Sci. USA 85:5879-5883 (Aug. 1988).
`Isaacs et al., "Humanised Monoclonal Antibody TI1erapy for
`Rheumatoid Arthritis" Lancet 340:748--752 (Sep. 26, 1992).
`Johnson et al., "Biological and Molecular Modeling Studies
`Comparing Murioe Monoclonal Antibodies with Their Engi­
`neered Chimeric and Humanized Counterparts" J. Cell.
`Biochem. Suppl 0 (13 Part A ) (18th Ann. UCLA Symp on
`Mol. & Cell. Biol., Park City, UT Jan. 17-22, 1989) pp. 87
`(1989).
`Kabat E., "Origins of Antibody Complementarity and Speci­
`ficity-Tlypervariable Regions aod the Minigenen Hypoth­
`esis".!. of Immunology 1 25(3):961-969 (Sep. 1980 ).
`
`Kabat et al. Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Inter­
`est, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, NTH, 5th
`edition vol. 1:1 03-108, 324-331 (1991).
`Kindt & Capra The Antibody Enigma, New York: Plenum
`Press pp. 79-86 (1984).
`Lesk & Chothia, "Evolution of Proteins Formed by
`[3-Sheets" J. Mo!. Biol. 160:325-342 (1982).
`Lesk & Chothia, "The response of protein structures 10
`amino-acid sequence changes" Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Land. A
`317:345-356 (1986).
`Mariuzza et al., "The Structure Basis of Antigen-Antibody
`Recognition" Ann. Rei< Biophys. Biophys. Chem.
`16:139-159 (1987).
`Nadler ct al., "lmmunogenicity of Humanized and Human
`Monoclonal Antibodies" Clin. Pharmacology & Therapeu­
`tics pp. 180 (Feb. 1994).
`Nelson, H., "Targeted Cellular fmmunotherapy with Bifunc­
`tional Antibodies" Cancer Cells 3:163-172 ( 199 1).
`Neuberger et al., "Antibody Engineering" Proceedings 8th
`Intl. Biotec/1. Symp. , Paris 11:792-799 ( 1988).
`Newmark, P., "Making Chimeric Antibodies Even More
`Human" Bio/Technology 6:468 (May 1988).
`Nishimura et al., "Human c-erbB-2 Proto-Oncogene Prod­
`uct as a Target for Bispecific-1\otibody-Directed Adop1ive
`Tumor lmmunotherapy" Int. J. Cancer 50:800-804 (1992).
`Nitta et al., "Preliminary trial of specific targeting therapy
`against malignant glioma" Lancet 335(8686): 368-371 (Feb.
`17, 1990).
`Nitta, T. et al., ''Bispecific F(ab')2 monomer prepared with
`anti -CD3 and anti-tumor monoclonal antibodies is most
`potent in induction of cytolysis of human T cells" European
`Journal of l111111unology 19:1437-1441 (1 989).
`Nolan et al., "Bi(unctional antibodies: concept, production
`and applications" Biochi111ica et BiophysicaActa 1040:1-11
`(1990).
`O'Connor et al., "Calcium Dependence of an Anti-Protein C
`Humanized Antibody
`Involves Framework Residues"
`(manuscript).
`Orlandi et al., "Cloning Immunoglobulio Variable Domains
`for Expression by the Polymerase Chain Reaction" Proc.
`Nari. Acad. Sci. USA 86:3833-3837 (May 1989).
`Orlandi et al., "C:lonine; of cDNA C:orresponcl'ing to Heavy
`and Light Chain lmmunoglobulin Variable Domains" Pro­
`tein and Pharmaceutical Engineering pp. 90 (1989).
`Ostberg & Queen, "Human and humanized monoclonal
`antibodies: preclinical studies and clinical experience" Bio­
`chem. Soc. Transactions pp. 1038-1043 ( 1995).
`Pedlao et al., "Model -b11ilding Studies of Antigen-binding
`Sites:The Hapteo-biod.i.ng Site of MOPC-315" Cold
`Springs Harbor Symposia On Quan1itative Biology
`XLI:627-637 (1977).
`Padlan, E., "Anatomy of the Antibody Molecule" Molecular
`Immunology 31(3):169-217 ( 1994).
`Padlan, E., "Evaluation of the Structural Variation Among
`Light Chain Variable Domains" Molecular Immunology
`1 6: 287-296 ( 1979).
`Palm & Hilschmann, "Primary structure of a crystalline
`monoclonal immunoglobulio K-type L-chain, subgroup I
`(Bence-Jones preotin Rei); isolation & characterization of
`. " Hoppes-Seyler's Z. Physiol.
`the tryptic peptides: . .
`Chem. 356:167-191 (Feb. 1975).
`
`5 of 61
`
`BI Exhibit 1001
`
`

`

`US 6,407,213 Bl
`Page 6
`
`Palm & Hilschmano, ''The primary structure of a crystalline,
`monoclonal immunoglobulio-L-cha.in of !be x-type, sub­
`group I (Bence-Jones Protein Rei): a contribution to the
`elucidation of the three-dimensional structure of tbe immu­
`ooglobulins" Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol.
`Chem.
`354:1651-1654 (Dec. 1973).
`Panka et al., "Variable region framework differences result
`in decreased or increased affinity of variant aoti-<ligoxin
`antibodies" Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:3080-3084 (May
`1988).
`Presta et al., "Humanization of an Antibody Directed
`Against IgE" J. Immunol. 151(5):2623-2632 (Sep. 1, 1993).
`Preval & Fougereau, "Specific Interaction between V H and
`V'- Regions of Human Monoclonal Immunoglobulins" .l.
`Mo!. Biol. 102:657-678 (1976).
`Queen el al., "Construction of Humanized Antibodies and
`Testing in Primates" J. Cell. Biochem. Suppl. 15 (Part E)
`(20th Ano. Mtg. Keystone Syrup. Denver, CO Mar. 1 0-16,
`1991) pp. 137 (1991).
`Queen et al., "Humanised antibodies to tbe TL-2 receptor"
`Protein Eng. Antibody Mo!. Prophyl. Ther. Appl. Man,
`Clark, M., Nottingham, UK:Academic Titles pp. 159-170
`(1993).
`Rhodes & Birch, "Large-Scale Production of Proteins from
`Mammalian Cells" Bio/Technology 6:518, 521, 523 (May
`1988).
`Riechmann, "Humanizing of Recombinant Antibodies"
`(Intl. Syrop. on Clio. Appl. of Monoclonal Antibodies,
`Guildford, England) pp. 33-34 (Sep. 1987).
`Riechmann & Winter, "Recombinant Antibodies" (U. of
`London Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Wolfson Insti­
`tute, Abstract) (May 1987).
`Riechmaon et al. Alignment of VL Sequences (1988).
`Roberts & Rees, "Generation of an antibody with enhanced
`affinity and specificity for its antigen by protein engineer­
`ing" Nature 328:731-734 (Aug. 1987).
`Rostapshov et al., "Effective method for obtaining long
`nucleotide chains on partially complementary templates"
`FEBS Leuers 249(2):379-382 (Jun. 1989).
`Schneider et al., "The Anti-Idiotypic Response by Cyno­
`molgus Mondkeys to Humanized Anti-Tac Is Primarily
`Directed to Complemenlari1y-Determiniog Regions H l , H2,
`and Ll" J. of 1111111unology 150:3086-3090 (Apr. 1993).
`Sedlacek et al., "Monoclonal Antibodies
`in Tumor
`Tbe;;rnpy", Karger pp. 119-126, 133-179 (1988).
`Shields et al., "Inhibition of Allergic Reactions with Anti­
`bodies to IgE" International Archives of Allergy and Immu­
`nology 107(1-3):30&-312 (May 1995).
`Sims et al., ''A Humanized CD18 Antibody Can Block
`Function Without Cell Destruction" The Journal of l111111u­
`nology 151( 4):2296-2308 (Aug. 1993).
`Smith-Gill et al., "A Three-dimensional Model of an
`A.nti-lysozyme Antibody" Mo!. Biol. 194:713-724 (1 987).
`Songsivilai et al., "Bispecific antibody: a tool for diagnosis
`and treatment of disease" Clin. Exp. !111111unol. 79:315-321
`(1990).
`
`Stanford, ''A Predictive Method for Determining Possible
`Three-dimensional Foldings of Immunoglobulin Backbones
`Around Antibody Combining

This document is available on Docket Alarm but you must sign up to view it.


Or .

Accessing this document will incur an additional charge of $.

After purchase, you can access this document again without charge.

Accept $ Charge
throbber

Still Working On It

This document is taking longer than usual to download. This can happen if we need to contact the court directly to obtain the document and their servers are running slowly.

Give it another minute or two to complete, and then try the refresh button.

throbber

A few More Minutes ... Still Working

It can take up to 5 minutes for us to download a document if the court servers are running slowly.

Thank you for your continued patience.

This document could not be displayed.

We could not find this document within its docket. Please go back to the docket page and check the link. If that does not work, go back to the docket and refresh it to pull the newest information.

Your account does not support viewing this document.

You need a Paid Account to view this document. Click here to change your account type.

Your account does not support viewing this document.

Set your membership status to view this document.

With a Docket Alarm membership, you'll get a whole lot more, including:

  • Up-to-date information for this case.
  • Email alerts whenever there is an update.
  • Full text search for other cases.
  • Get email alerts whenever a new case matches your search.

Become a Member

One Moment Please

The filing “” is large (MB) and is being downloaded.

Please refresh this page in a few minutes to see if the filing has been downloaded. The filing will also be emailed to you when the download completes.

Your document is on its way!

If you do not receive the document in five minutes, contact support at support@docketalarm.com.

Sealed Document

We are unable to display this document, it may be under a court ordered seal.

If you have proper credentials to access the file, you may proceed directly to the court's system using your government issued username and password.


Access Government Site

We are redirecting you
to a mobile optimized page.





Document Unreadable or Corrupt

Refresh this Document
Go to the Docket

We are unable to display this document.

Refresh this Document
Go to the Docket