United States Patent [19J
`Jimenez et al.
`
`[11)
`
`[45)
`
`4,367,752
`Jan. 11, 1983
`
`[56)
`
`[75)
`
`[54) APPARATUS FOR TESTING PHYSICAL
`CONDITION OF A SUBJECT
`'Inventors: Oscar Jimenez, Miami; Frank J.
`Bianco, Pembroke Pines, both of Fla.
`[73) Assignee: Biotechnology, Inc., Miami, Fla.
`[21) Appl. No.: 145,765
`[22) Filed:
`Apr. 30, 1980
`[51) · Int. CJ.3 ................................................ A61B 5/02
`[52) US. CI ..................................... 128/689; 128/706;
`128/707; 1281782
`[58) Field of Search ........................ 128/668, 670-672,
`128/639,644, 687-691, 706-707, 702-704, 718,
`779, 782; 364/410, 413, 415, 417
`· References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`3,395,698 8/1968 Morehouse ......................... 128/707
`3,518,985 7/1970 Quinton ............................... 128/707
`3,534,727 10/1970 Roman ................................ 128/644
`3,675,640 7/1972 Gatts ................................... 128/671
`3,826,246 7/1974 Paddi et al. ..................... 128/644 X
`3,978,849 9/1976 Geneen ............................... 128/690
`4,Q53,951 10/1977 Hudspeth et al. .................. 128/670
`4,101,071 7/1978 Brejnik et al. ...................... 128/687
`4,108,166 8/1978 Schmid ................................ 128/706
`4, 112,928 9/1978 Putsch ................................. 128/707
`4:, 144,568 3/1979 Hiller et al. ......................... 364/ 410
`4,181,135 1/1980 Andresen et al. .............. 128/702 X
`4,192,000 4/1980 Lipsey ................................. 364/415
`4,202,350 5/1980 Walton ......... , ...................... 128/690
`4,216,956 8/1980 Yamamura et al. .................. 272/70
`4,220,996 9/1980 Searcy ................................. 364/5.61
`4,223,211 9/1980 Allsen et al. .................. 235/92 DN
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`Kato, S. et al., "Application of Micro-Computer to
`Integrated Sleep Monitor", Euromicro (Netherlands)
`V3, #4, Oct. 1927.
`Primary Examiner-Kyle L. Howell
`Assistant Examiner-Francis J. Jlaworski
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Lowe,, King, Price & Becker
`ABSTRACT
`[57)
`The physical condition of a subject is tested by a trans(cid:173)
`ducer mounted on the subject which derives a first
`signal indicative of heart activity. An electronic instru(cid:173)
`ment. housing carried by the subject includes terminals
`responsive to the first signal and (a) an inertial member
`for monitoring .the quantity of repetitive actions taken
`by a limb of the subject and for d·eriving a second signal
`indicative of the quantity, (b) a keyboard for enabling
`signals to be derived indicative of numerical quantities
`associated with plural physiological parameters of the
`subject, (c) a clock source for deriving timing signals,
`(d) a digital computer responsive to the first, second,
`timing and keyboard signals for deriving plural digital
`output signals indicative of different physical activities
`of the tested subject, (e) a visual digital indicator, (f)
`plural key switches, each associated with a different one
`of the physical activities, and (g) circuitry responsive to
`activation of the plural key switches for selectively
`coupling different ones of the p[ural output signals to
`the visual indicator so only one of the output signals is
`supplied to the indicator at a time.
`
`53 Claims, 15 Drawing Figures
`
`35
`
`48
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`B.P.N. mwm
`WW
`@] HEART
`
`RATE
`
`37
`36
`
`38
`
`45
`
`47
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1002, Page 1 of 23
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan. 11, 1983
`
`Sheet 1 of 7
`
`4,367,752
`
`13
`14
`
`21
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1002, Page 2 of 23
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`TomTom Exhibit 1002, Page 4 of 23
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan. 11, 1983
`
`Sheet 4 of 7
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`4,367,752
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`TomTom Exhibit 1002, Page 6 of 23
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan. 11, 1983
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`Sheet 6 of 7
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`TomTom Exhibit 1002, Page 7 of 23
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan. 11, 1983
`Sheet 7 of 7
`;-.±q.Jl.8
`
`31~
`
`4,367,752
`
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`TomTom Exhibit 1002, Page 8 of 23
`
`

`

`1
`
`APPARATUS FOR TESTING PHYSICAL
`CONDITION OF A SUBJECT
`
`4,367,752
`
`2
`oxygen .to various parts of the body of a subject. Exer(cid:173)
`cises which typically fall into the category of aerobics
`are walking, jogging, running, hiking, climbing, tennis,
`cycling, weight lifting and swimming. Diligent pursuit
`5 of any of these exercises results in improved physical
`condition of a subject.
`As previously indicated, the previously developed
`devices provide an indication of physical condition by
`relying primarily upon one of two variables, namely
`heart rate during exercise or distance traveled by a limb
`in exercise. Because heart rate is a prime indicator of
`physical stress, it is valuable to constantly monitor heart
`rate during exercise of a subject. Maximum heart rate in
`human subjects is dependent on age. Clinical evidence
`15 exists to indicate that optimum benefit from aerobic
`exercise is obtained when the cardiovascular system of
`the subject is exercised at a target heart rate range of
`between 75% to 85% of maximum heart rate for a par-
`ticular subject for at least twelve minutes. However,
`clinical evidence developed by Dr. Azorides R. Mo(cid:173)
`rales, reported in September 1979, Medical World
`News, pps. 37 and 38, also exists to indicate that certain
`individuals, due to physical defects or condition, cannot
`use the standard 75% to 85% of maximum heart rate for
`their age, to calculate the target rate, without risk of
`heart damage to the subject. Certain of the prior art
`devices rely almost exclusively upon the heart rate
`monitoring to provide an indication of the physical
`condition of the subject. The other class of devices
`relies upon a measurement of distance and rate of dis(cid:173)
`tance covered to indicate the physical condition of the
`subject. These two classes of devices, however, have
`not generally provided the subject or physician with a
`complete analysis of the physical condition of a subject.
`
`TECHNICAL FIELD
`The present invention. rel~tes generally to apparatus
`for testing the physical condition of a subject and, more
`particularly, to an apparatus for testing the physical
`condition of a subject in response to signals indicative of
`heart activity of the subject and of the distance tra- 10
`versed by a limb of the subject during a timed testing
`period to provide a fitness indication of the cardiovas(cid:173)
`cular system of the subject and/or parametric data re(cid:173)
`lated to exercise.
`
`BACKGROUND ART
`Numerous devices have been devised, and some actu(cid:173)
`ally employed, for testing the physical condition of a
`human subject. The devices are employed for medical
`purposes, as well as to apprise an athlete of his physical 20
`condition during training. In a typical medical device,
`utilized in stress tests for physiological purposes, an
`electrocardiogram of a subject being tested is continu(cid:173)
`ously taken. In addition, blood pressure is intermittently
`monitored, and in some instances respiration rate is 25
`measured. The oxygen transfer to the lungs of the sub(cid:173)
`ject is also measured. Other devices have been devel(cid:173)
`oped wherein elapsed time of a test is combined with
`heart beat pulses to derive an indication of a heart beat
`rate, as well as caloric consumption and total calories 30
`expended. Other devices which base calorie consump(cid:173)
`tion only on heart rate are quite inaccurate because they
`do not take into consideration data required to calculate
`calorie consumption in accordance with variables
`which are known to effect calorie consumption viz: 35
`distance traveled, length of exercise time, resting heart
`rate, resting and exercise heart rate, weight of subject,
`change in heart rate in MET (multiples of metabolic
`need for sitting quietly) and oxygen consumed per min(cid:173)
`ute per pound. Other systems have been devised 40
`wherein physical exertion parameters of a subject are
`determined as a function of the age of a subject, in com(cid:173)
`bination with heart pulse frequency, to determine the
`stress on the heart.
`Other devices have been proposed for monitoring 45
`physical condition of a subject in response to a signal
`derived from an electromechanical sensor adapted to
`generate an electrical pulse in response to each step
`taken by an individual while walking, running or jog(cid:173)
`ging. In one particular system of this type, a computer 50
`counts the number of steps taken by the subject and, in
`response to a timing signal from a clock source, mea(cid:173)
`sures the rate at which the steps are taken. The com(cid:173)
`puter continuously integrates the number of steps taken
`multiplied by the step rate over a time interval while the 55
`subject is being tested. The computer supplies signals to
`aural and visual outputs, to provide indications of the
`physical condition of the subject, and to apprise the
`subject as to whether he is achieving or exceeding pre(cid:173)
`determined levels associated with his physical parame- 60
`ters.
`These prior art devices are frequently based upon
`information derived from two books written by Dr.
`Kenneth H. Cooper entitled "Aerobics", M. Evans and
`Company, Inc., Ne~York, N.Y. (1968) and "The New 65
`Aerobics", M .. Evans.· and Company, Inc., New York,
`N.Y. (1970). Dr. Cooper, in these books, defines the
`word aerobics as exercises that increase the supply of
`
`DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
`In accordance with a basic concept of the present
`invention, parameters concerning physiological param(cid:173)
`eters of an exercising subject, e.g. the physical condition
`and calorie consumption of the subject, are tested by
`monitoring heart activity of the subject during an exer(cid:173)
`cise period and the distance traversed by a limb of the
`subject during testing. A computer means responds to
`the heart activity and distance traversed signals, as well
`as a timing signal from a clock source and a signal indic(cid:173)
`ative of at least one predetermined constant physiolog(cid:173)
`ical parameter of the subject, to derive a signal indica(cid:173)
`tive of the physical activity of the subject being tested.
`An. indicator responds to the physical activity signal to
`provide visual and/or aural signals to a subject or physi(cid:173)
`cian.
`In the preferred embodiment, the physiological pa(cid:173)
`rameters determined by the computer are, heart rate,
`speed of the subject, fitness, and calories consumed of
`the exercise. Distance is determined directly from indi(cid:173)
`cations of number of cycles the limb moves and a
`known,
`i.e., constant, predetermined physiological
`input parameter relating each cycle of limb movement
`to traversed distance; for a runner or walker the number
`of strides is counted and the stride length is the known
`input. From measurements of elapsed time and distance
`traveled, speed is calculated. Fitness is computed from
`distance traveled over a relatively long interval, e.g. 12
`minutes, of maximum exercise, based on data published
`in Cooper's books, and is therefore a measure of oxygen
`uptake by the subject. Calorie consumption is computed
`in response to exercise, weight of the subject, sex of the
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1002, Page 9 of 23
`
`

`

`4,367,752
`
`3
`4
`the differential amplifier means includes a buffer ampli-
`subject, the change in heart rate per MET (multiples of
`fier for the voltages applied to the two leads and a dif-
`metabolic need for sitting quietly) and the milliliters of
`ferential amplifier responsive to the output voltages of
`oxygen consumed by the subject per minute per pound
`the two buffer amplifiers. The differential amplifier is
`of the subject. Resting heart rate is set into the computer
`from measurements on the subject at the time of awak- 5 referenced to ground to provide the common mode
`ening, while exercising heart rate is measured continu-
`rejection for voltages generated by the electrodes.
`ally during the exercise. Heart beats per MET and oxy-
`An alternative arrangement for monitoring heart
`gen per minute per pound are determined from a calcu-
`beats employs photo-plethysmography wherein infra
`lation by the computer as being directly proportional to
`red absorption properties by capillaries in the skin of the
`computed fitness or from table look-ups stored in a IO subject are monitored by an infra red source and detec-
`tor. The detector derives a pulse for each heart beat and
`memory of the computer or from printed tables. If fit-
`ness has not been previously computed, it can also be
`avoids the necessity for a harness carrying electrodes
`determined from a printed table. All data derived from
`and the accompanying circuitry.
`printed tables can be entered into the computer.
`The visual indicator is preferably a liquid crystal
`In one embodiment, the heart activity of the subject is 15 display (LCD) or a light emitting diode (LED) display
`indicated by monitoring the number of heartbeats of the
`for digital numeral indicating signals derived by the
`subject. Preferably, the heart beats are detected by
`computer. Different signals are applied to the visual
`electrodes on the subject which derive an electrocar-
`indicator on a selective basis to enable the subject and-
`diogram signal. As is well known, an electrocardiogram
`/or physician to be apprised of various aspects of the
`signal includes several pulses referred to asp, q, r, sand 20 physical condition of the subject. If the subject is run-
`t pulses, all of which are derived each time the heart
`ning, walking, or jogging, the signal indicative of dis-
`beats. The r pulse has a relatively large magnitude,
`tance traversed by a limb of the subject is derived by a
`considerably larger than the remaining pulses, and is
`pedometer. In this case, the indicator is selectively re-
`detected in a preferred embodiment of the invention to
`sponsive to signals indicative of heart beats per minute,
`indicate the number of heart beats. The r pulses are 25 elapsed time of the exercise interval, the distance tra-
`detected by a band pass filter which passes the r pulses
`versed by the subject, the number of calories used by
`the subject during the interval, the rate of speed of the
`and feeds the passed r pulses to a clamping circuit for
`the peaks of the r pulses. A full wave rectifier is pro-
`subject during the interval, and a fitness factor which is
`vided for the r pulses so that r pulses of only one polar-
`a function of maximum oxygen uptake. The distance
`ity are applied to the clamping means, regardless of 30 transversed, consumption of calories and fitness factor
`connections of the electrodes to the r pulse detecting
`are calculated by the computer in response to entry on
`circuitry. To prevent possible high amplitude artifact
`a keyboard of the physiological parameters of sex, age,
`noise in the electrocardiogram signal from being erro-
`resting heart rate, weight, and stride of the subject.
`neously detected as r pulses, the heart activity signal is
`The aural indicator signals heart beat rate to the sub-
`not coupled to the computer in response to a pair of 35 ject in response to entry on the keyboard of minimum
`adjacent detected r pulses occurring in less than a pre-
`heart rate and can provide the subject with an indica-
`determined interval which is less than the possible per-
`tion that he is exercising at an excessive rate in response
`iod between adjacent beats of a heart of a subject.
`to entry on the keyboard of maximum heart rate. In
`In a preferred embodiment, three electrodes are pro-
`particular, the aural indicator is pulsed in response to
`vided on the subject and are carried by a garment that 40 each heart beat when the computer is responsive to at
`presses the electrodes against the skin of the subject.
`least a predetermined number of heart beats in a prede-
`The garment may be a chest strap, or in the case of a
`termined interval. The aural indicator is continuously
`female athlete, a brassiere. One of the electrodes is
`activated in response to the heart beat rate exceeding a
`predetermined level, as indicated by the computer
`adapted to abut on skin against the rib cage, in the vicin-
`ity of the heart of the subject, a second of the electrodes 45 means.
`is adapted to abut on skin against the sternum of the
`In accordance with a further feature of the invention,
`subject, while a third electrode is adapted to abut on
`the computer means includes a memory that is supplied
`skin just below the right chest quadrant of the subject.
`with signals indicative of the predetermined, constant
`To provide a low electrical conductance path be-
`physiological parameters. By activating a power down
`tween the skin of the subject and the electrodes for the 50 key on the keyboard the memory continues to store the
`electrocardiogram signals generated by the subject,
`signals indicative of the predetermined, constant physi-
`each of the electrodes includes a highly electrically
`ological parameters even when a DC power supply for
`conductive gel which adheres to the skin of the subject
`each of the computer means, signal deriving means and
`while moistened. Moistening of the gel can occur by
`indicator means is decoupled from the remainder of the
`applying water from an external source, or in response 55 computer means, as well as signal deriving means and
`indicator means. It is, however, possible to supply new
`to perspiration from the subject. In a preferred embodi-
`ment, the gel includes karaya gum and glycerin.
`signals to the computer memory indicative of the prede-
`Associated with each electrode is a lead wire and a
`termined, constant physiological parameters of the sub-
`shield for the lead wire or a common shield for all of the
`ject, as desired.
`lead wires. Because the three lead wires and the shield 60
`In a preferred configuration, the signal deriving
`are connected to three sets of input terminals of an
`means, visual and aural indicators, computer means and
`electronic instrument housing, there is a tendency for
`pedometer are all located in an electronic instrument
`the grounded shield voltage to vary relative to ground
`housing adapted to be mounted on the subject. The
`of the housing. To obviate this problem, a common
`electronic instrument housing includes a keyboard for
`mode rejection circuit includes a ground terminal for 65 enabling derivation of signals indicative of numerical
`the lead of one of the electrodes. The lead wires for the
`quantities associated with a plurality of physiological
`other two electrodes are connected to a differential
`parameters of the subject, as well as plural key switches,
`amplifier arrangement. In the preferred configuration,
`each associated with a different one of the physical
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1002, Page 10 of 23
`
`

`

`4,367,752
`
`5
`activities. Thus; the electronic instrument housing con(cid:173)
`tains all of the structure, except for the electrodes, nec(cid:173)
`essary to provide the subject and/or physieian with an
`indication of the physical condition of the subject. The
`instrument housing can be connected by a jack to 'a 5
`conventional EKG monitoring device.
`·
`It is, accordingly, an object of the pnisent invenfiori
`to provide a new and iniprcived apparatusfor testing the
`.
`physical condi.tiori of a human subject.
`An additional object of the invention is to provide a
`new and improvefj apparatus for indicating physical
`condition of a subject in response to signals indicative .of
`heart activity of the.subject and distance traversed by a
`limb of a subject. dllring testing. · ·
`· .
`.
`Another object of the invention is to provide a new
`and improved programmable apparatus. for testip.g the
`physical condition of a subject, which·apparatus can be
`worn on the subject and provide the subject and/o.r
`others with visual and aural indications·. of his physical 20
`condition and ·whether he is exceeding his physical
`capabilities.
`Still another object of the invention is to provide a
`portable· apparatus which can be worn by a jogger,
`walker, hiker, or runner, which apparatus provides the 25
`subject with an indication of his heart beat per minute,
`miles traversed, speed of traversal, length of exercise
`period, calorie. consumptiOn, and, upon completion cif
`12 minutes of maximum activity; his fitness based on
`.. ·
`·.
`...
`.
`.
`maximum oxygen uptake.
`The above .and, still further objects, features and ad(cid:173)
`vantages of the present invention will. become apparent
`upon consideration of the following detailed description
`of several specific embodiments thereof, especially 35
`when taken in consideration .. with the accompanying
`drawings.
`
`10
`
`~
`
`6
`BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE
`INVENTION:
`Reference isnow made to FIGS. 1 and 2 wherein
`there are respectiy.ely illustrated female and male ath(cid:173)
`letes equipped with the: present invention. The female
`and male athletes respectively wear garments 11 and 12,
`each carrying three <::Je,ctrodes ;13-' 15 which are pressed
`by the garments. against the skin of the athlete. Each
`athlete also wears a waist band which carries electronic
`instrument housing 17, connected to the electrodes by a
`suitable cable or lead wire arrangement. For the female
`athlete, the garment is a brassiere 11, preferably of the
`type known as a "running bra" which minimizes breast
`15 bouncing, skin irritation and coillagen tissue breakdown
`of the breasts. For the male athlete, the garment is a
`chest strap 12, worn slightly above the vicinity of the
`male breast. Each of garments 11 and 12 carries three
`electrodes 13, 14 and 15 which are electrically con(cid:173)
`nected to the skin of the athlete, i.e., subject being tested
`for physical condition, to supply electrocardiogram
`voltages generated by the subject to leads which extend
`to electronic instrument housing 17, which is mounted
`on the waist band. Each of brassiere 11 and chest strap
`12 is provided with a fastener which firmly secures the
`brassiere or chest strap to the chest of the subject so that
`electrode 13 abuts on skin just below the right chest
`quadrant of the subject, electrode 14 abuts on skin
`against the sternum of the subject, in the center of the
`chest of the subject, and electrode 15 abuts on skin
`against the rib cage, in the vicinity of the heart of the
`subject.
`A preferred configuration for each of electrodes
`13-15 is illustrated in FIG. 3 and includes a generally
`square layer 21 of a gel whic!h is highly electrically
`conductive and adheres to the skin of the subject while
`moistened. Layer 21 is illustrated as being of generally
`square configuration, but is is to be understood that it
`can take any suitable geometry, having sufficient
`contact area on a face adapted to contact the skin of the
`subject. On the face of layer 21 opposite from the face
`adapted to contact the skin of the subject is a metal
`mesh layer 22 of stainless steel or soft annealed brass
`carrying an impreganted film of silver-silver chloride.
`Layer 22 includes a central button 23 which is secured
`to lead wire 24 of a shielded or unshielded cable that is
`connected to a reference potential (preferably zero or
`ground voltage) within instrument housing 17. Lead
`wire 24 for each of electrodes 13-15 has its own sepa(cid:173)
`rate shield in one embodiment, or, in another embodi(cid:173)
`ment, the lead wires for the various electrodes have a
`common shield in a single cable; however the latter
`configuration may have deleterious results due to cross
`coupling of signals transduced by electrodes 13-15.
`In a preferred configuration, gel layer 21 is composed
`of the following ingredients:
`Karaya gum, a hydrophilic gum which is carbohy(cid:173)
`drate polymer exuded from certain Indian trees of the
`genus sterculia, 33 percent by weight;
`Glycerin, 60 percent by weight;
`Ethanol, l percent by weight;
`Methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate, 0.01 percent by weight;
`Propyl-p:hydroxybenzoate, O . .Ql percent by weight;
`Sodium chloride, 4 percent by weight;
`Potassium chloi;ide; 2 percent by weight.
`The Karaya gum fonns a highly electrically conductive
`translucent colloidal gel. when mixed with the remain(cid:173)
`ing ingredients. Layer .21 has an area of approximately
`
`50
`
`45
`
`BRIEF DESCR.IPTION OF THE ORA WINGS
`FIG. 1 is an illustration of a female jogger, runner, 40
`hiker or walker equipped with the apparatus of the
`present invention;·
`FIG. 2 is a diagram of a male jogger, runner, hiker or
`walker equipped with the ·apparatus of the present in-
`vention;
`·
`FIG. 3 is a perspective view of electrodes mounted in
`garments worn by the .test subjects of FIGS. 1 or 2;
`FIG. 4 is. a generally front, perspective view of an
`electronic instrument housing for a portion of the appa-
`·
`ratus of the present invention;
`FIGS. 5 and Sa are back views of alternative embodi(cid:173)
`ments of the instrument housing illustrated in. FIG. 4;
`FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 are illustrations of.various pedome(cid:173)
`ters that can be mounted in the housing of FIGS. 4 and
`.
`'
`.
`'
`.
`. . . .
`.
`5·
`'
`'
`FIG. 9 is a perspective view of an electrode carrying
`chest strap in combination with a cable and the instru-
`.
`. .
`ment housing;
`FIG.10 is.a circuit diagram of the. electrocardiogram 60
`amplifier and filter circuitry in the in~trument housing
`of FIG, 4;
`.
`FIGS, lla and llb, together form a block diagram of
`the apparatus ·contained in the instrument housing, as
`.
`well as of the electrodes; and
`FIGS. 12 and 13 are illustrations of alternative de(cid:173)
`vices for monitoring heart beats using photo-plethys(cid:173)
`mography:'
`
`55
`
`65
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1002, Page 11 of 23
`
`

`

`4,367,752
`
`60
`
`7
`four centimeters by four centimeters, and a two millime(cid:173)
`ter thickness. If desired or necessary, layers 21 are
`moistened with water or a saline solution prior to the
`subject securing brassiere 11 or chest strap 12 in place.
`Alternatively, layer 21 can remain dry prior to installa- 5
`tion and can be moistened by perspiration from the skin
`of the subject.
`It is to be understood that other electrodes can be
`utilized in lieu of the electrodes specifically illustrated
`in FIG. 3. In particular, an In-Vivo Metric Systems type 10
`E221 electrode or a Beckman Instruments Company
`type 650437 electrode could be employed. If either of
`these electrodes is employed, however, an electrolyte
`gel must be employed to provide proper coupling of the
`electrocardiogram voltage to lead 24.
`Reference is now made to FIGS. 4 and 5 of the draw(cid:173)
`ings wherein there is illustrated the exterior of elec(cid:173)
`tronic instrument housing 17 which is carried on waist
`band 16. Inside of housing 17 is located electronic cir(cid:173)
`cuitry which is reponsive to signals derived from elec- 20
`trodes 13-15, an instrument for deriving a signal indica(cid:173)
`tive of the distance traversed by a limb of the subject
`being tested (generally a pedometer which counts the
`number of strides taken by the subject), a clock source
`for deriving a timing signal, and digital computer means 25
`responsive to the electrode signals, the distance tra(cid:173)
`versed signal, the timing signal, as well as predeter(cid:173)
`mined physiological parameters of the subject. The
`computer means derives a signal which is indicative of
`the physical activity of the subject being tested and 3.0
`supplies the signal to an indicator, in the form of a liquid
`crystal digital display 31 mounted on the top face of
`housing 17. Housing 17 is shaped generally as a right
`parallelepiped, having approximately a six inch length,
`three inch width, and one inch thickness.
`Physiological data concerning the subject being
`tested are entered into the computer means with key(cid:173)
`board 32 on the back face of housing 17, i.e., the face of
`the housing which is remote from the body of the sub(cid:173)
`ject being tested. Keyboard 32 includes a matrix of keys 40
`which enable differing predetermined, constant physio(cid:173)
`logical parameters and differing numbers relative to
`some of these parameters to be entered into the com(cid:173)
`puter. Other keys and slide switch 33 are provided for
`functions associated with the types of indications (aural 45
`and/or visual) which are provided by housing 17 and
`data storage in a memory of the computer means in(cid:173)
`cluded in the housing. The predetermined, constant
`physiological functions which can be entered are age,
`sex, male, female, weight, fitness factor, and stride of 50
`the subject, entries respectively associated with keys 34,
`35, 36, 37, 38 and 40. In addition, keys 41 and 42 are
`respectively associated with