(12) United States Patent
`Pyles
`
`I lllll llllllll Ill lllll lllll lllll lllll lllll 111111111111111111111111111111111
`US006434212B2
`US 6,434,212 B2
`Aug. 13, 2002
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`(54) PEDOMETER
`
`(76)
`
`Inventor: Nathan Pyles, 529 College St., Lake
`Mills, WI (US) 53551
`
`( *) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 09/756,647
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Jan. 4,2001
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`(63) Continuation of application No. 09/181,738, filed on Oct.
`28, 1998, now Pat. No. 6,175,608.
`
`Int. Cl.7 ................................................ GOlC 21/00
`(51)
`(52) U.S. Cl. ...................................................... 377/24.2
`(58) Field of Search ......................................... 377/24.2
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
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`
`(List continued on next page.)
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`EP
`
`0 119 009 Al
`
`9/1984
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Form PCT/IPEN408, Written Opinion received Aug. 8,
`2000, 5 pages.
`Form PCT/ISN210, International Search Report, 4 pages.
`Sportsline Products, "Fitness Pedometer 360", web page, 1
`page.
`Sportsline Products, Fitness Pedometer 360 packaging label,
`5 pages.
`
`Primary Examiner-Margaret R. Wambach
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Lathrop & Clark LLP
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`The pedometer having improved accuracy by calculating
`actual stride lengths of a user based on relative stride rates.
`The pedometer includes a waist or leg mounted stride
`counter, a transmitter for transmitting data to a wrist(cid:173)
`mounted display unit, and a data processor for calculating
`necessary base units and actual stride rates and lengths. The
`pedometer can also interact with a heart monitoring device.
`
`8 Claims, 1 Drawing Sheet
`
`28
`
`' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - -
`
`~
`~ 44
`~
`~ 24
`
`/,']
`,,'' :~~~ 48
`'
`
`'
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1001, Page 1 of 7
`
`

`

`US 6,434,212 B2
`Page 2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`5,361,778 A
`5,373,651 A
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`
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`1/1996 Smith et al.
`2/1996 Sakumoto
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`12/1996 Levi et al.
`
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`6,175,608 Bl
`
`3/1997
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`
`* cited by examiner
`
`Chien
`Buyayez
`Domburg
`Anderson
`Hutchings
`Huang
`Sham et al.
`Hutchings
`Bishop
`Healy
`Richardson et al.
`Gaudet et al.
`Pyles et al.
`
`................ 600/483
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1001, Page 2 of 7
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`US. Patent
`
`Aug. 13, 2002
`Aug. 13, 2002
`
`US 6,434,212 B2
`US 6,434,212 B2
`
`44
`
`28
`
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`26
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1001, Page 3 of 7
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1001, Page 3 of 7
`
`

`

`US 6,434,212 B2
`
`1
`PEDOMETER
`
`This application is a continuation of application Ser. No.
`09/181,738, filed Oct. 28, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,175,
`608, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference
`herein.
`
`2
`user. The meter uses pulse wave base data compared to
`actual pulse wave data rates.
`U.S. Pat. No. 5,476,427 discloses a pace display device
`utilizing a base rate for traveling pre-set distances in sue(cid:173)
`s cessive trails. The device calculates step counts and rates,
`and compares actual step count rates to display data to a user
`for comparison of present running rates to previous rates.
`Thus, there is a need for a simple, but highly accurate,
`pedometer that displays distance traveled, pace, speed, heart
`10 rate, and other important information on an easily read
`wrist-mounted device.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`FIELD AND BACKGROUND OF THE
`INVENTION
`The present invention relates generally to pedometers
`having a waist mounted stride-counting device and
`transmitter, and a wrist-mounted receiver and display. The
`invention also relates to a distance calculation device that
`calculates a distance walked or run based on an algorithm
`that converts a base stride length and a base stride rate to an
`actual stride length for use in calculating the distance
`traveled.
`Pedometers are known which include devices or algo(cid:173)
`rithms for determining the distance a person travels on foot.
`For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,371,945 discloses an electronic
`pedometer that calculates distance by electronically measur(cid:173)
`ing the length of each stride taken by a user. Stride length is
`measured by ultrasonic waves generated by an ultrasonic
`module strapped to one leg and an ultrasonic detector worn
`on the other leg. A program compensates for a variety of
`measurement errors and the results are displayed on a
`wrist-mounted display after being transmitted by VHF
`waves from the leg to the wrist.
`U.S. Pat. No. 4,771,394 discloses a computer shoe with a
`heel-mounted electronic device with an inertia footstrike 30
`counter, a timer, a sound generating device, a battery, and a
`gate array for counting time and footstrikes to calculate
`distance and running time as a function of stride time.
`Although recognizing the important relationship of stride
`length and foot speed, the shoe in this patent requires data
`from at least 15 test runs or walks and the data must be
`user-entered in pairs of footstrikes and elapsed time to cover
`a pre-determined distance. Further, user adjustments of time
`must be performed to accommodate start and stop times, and
`the number of counted footstrikes is increased one percent to 40
`overcome inherent errors in the inertia step counter. The
`shoe-mounted device is subject to damage from impact, dirt,
`and water, and requires a stay-at-home computer with which
`to interface. There is no means disclosed to transmit data to
`a wrist-mounted display device or an "on-board" computing
`device that provides "real time" data to a runner.
`U.S. Pat. No. 4,855,942 discloses a pedometer and calorie
`measuring device that includes a wrist-mounted step counter
`and a fixed stride length to calculate distance traveled.
`Wrist-mounted step counters are known to be inaccurate
`because they assume a step for every arm movement. Even
`with error correction, such a device will provide less accu(cid:173)
`rate step counts than a leg or waist-mounted counter.
`Further, fixed stride lengths do not take into account the fact
`that stride length varies with rate of movement.
`U.S. Pat. No. 5,117,444 discloses a pedometer and cali(cid:173)
`bration method with two calibration modes. First, a user
`travels a predetermined "half-distance" for the device to
`count and store the number of strides in that distance. Next,
`the user travels a second distance with the step counter 60
`comparing actual steps to the steps in memory and a current
`trip memory are incremented by a tenth of a "whole unit"
`distance. There is no correlation between stride length and
`stride rate which requires the user to re-calibrate the device
`when walking as opposed to running.
`U.S. Pat. No. 5,475,725 discloses a pulse meter with
`pedometer function to determine pace and pulse rate of a
`
`15
`
`The present invention overcomes problems and shortcom-
`ings in the prior art by providing a device that includes a
`waist, chest, or leg-mounted stride counting device, a
`transmitter, and a wrist-mounted receiver/display device that
`provides highly accurate travel distances and other informa-
`20 tion. The device includes a computer that stores base stride
`length and rate data from traveling a pre-determined dis(cid:173)
`tance and compares that to actual stride rate data to calculate
`actual distance traveled, speed, and pace. The invention
`recognizes the interdependency of stride length and stride
`25 rate and uses that relationship to provide superior distance(cid:173)
`calculating accuracy.
`The invention also provides for improved display of
`relevant data on a wrist-mounted display that receives digital
`signals from devices worn on other body parts such as legs,
`waist, and chest. Transmitters that can send coded signals
`are desirable because they will not interfere with similar
`devices worn by other users in the vicinity.
`The accuracy of the device is enhanced by the use of an
`algorithm that adjusts a base stride length based on actual
`35 stride rates. The algorithm is defined as: Actual Stride
`Length=Base Stride Length+Base Stride Length *(((Actual
`Stride Rate-Base Stride Rate) N)/Base Stride Rate); where
`N is either an average value or a derived value from a
`plurality of samples.
`The invention also includes a method for calculating an
`actual stride length including steps of: timing a first user run
`of a predetermined distance; counting the total number of
`strides in the user first run; dividing the first run distance by
`the stride count to obtain a base stride length; dividing the
`45 stride count by the first run time to obtain a base stride rate;
`counting strides during a user's second run to obtain an
`actual stride rate; calculating the actual stride length using
`the formula: Actual Stride Length=Base Stride Length+ Base
`Stride Length *(((Actual Stride Rate-Base Stride Rate )N)/
`50 Base Stride Rate); wherein N is an average value or a
`derived value.
`The average value method can be refined by comparing
`Base Stride Rate to Actual Stride Rate to determine a
`percentage difference; and using N=l when the Actual Stride
`Rate~Base Stride Rate * 1.02 and using N=3 when Actual
`Stride Rate> Base Stride Rate * 1.02. A preferred embodi(cid:173)
`ment uses a plurality of sample runs over known distances
`to derive an accurate N value for each individual.
`
`55
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pedometer in accor(cid:173)
`dance with the present invention.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`As illustrated in FIG. 1, the present invention is directed
`to an improved pedometer 20 including: a waist, chest, or leg
`
`65
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1001, Page 4 of 7
`
`

`

`US 6,434,212 B2
`
`15
`
`4
`The data processor 30 preferably includes programming
`that queries the user about the distance to be run during the
`sampling mode. By providing options or enabling the use of
`any distance during the sampling mode, the pedometer 20
`5 provides maximum flexibility for use by people of various
`physical conditions, or having access to courses of different
`known distances. Thus, a user may be queried to input a
`distance to be used in the sampling mode and then be given
`a list of options such as 400 meters, 440 yards, 1600 meters,
`10 or one mile, or be asked to simply input any distance known
`to the user that will be traveled during the sampling mode.
`The present invention makes full use of the relationship
`between a faster rate of travel and longer stride lengths. In
`other words, the faster a user is moving, the longer will be
`the stride length. Over the course of the run or walk, the
`user's step rate and, therefore, stride length will change and
`the user will cover more ground when moving fast and less
`ground when moving slow.
`Clearly, using a fixed average stride length in calculating
`20 distance traveled will result in errors using prior pedometers.
`This is particularly true if a user changes pace, or improves
`conditioning and speed to the point where the average stride
`length over a given run increases dramatically. The error
`compensators in prior devices do not adjust for changes in
`25 pace. With the old devices, a user needed to re-calibrate
`periodically to be close to getting an accurate reading, and
`could not change pace during a workout without decreasing
`accuracy.
`To make the correction, the user activates a "Use Mode"
`in which the data processor 30 calculates an Actual Stride
`Rate based on data from the stride counter 24 and the clock
`48. For example, an Actual Stride Rate can be calculated
`every five seconds without the user doing more than acti-
`35 vating the "Use Mode" button, while all the calculations are
`performed by the data processor automatically. The percent(cid:173)
`age change between the Actual Stride Rate and the Base
`Stride Rate is then computed by the data processor 30 to
`determine an Actual Stride Length. Again, if the Actual
`40 Stride Rate is greater than the Base Stride Rate, the Actual
`Stride Length is longer than the Base Stride Length. If the
`Actual Steps Per Second is lower than the Base Steps Per
`Second, the Actual Stride Length is shorter than the Base
`Stride Length. The algorithm below provides a means for
`45 comparing the Actual and Base Stride rates to arrive at an
`accurate Actual Stride Length.
`First, a comparison between the Actual Stride Rate and
`the Base Stride Rate is made to determine whether Actual
`Stride Rate is less than or equal to Base Stride Rate
`50 multiplied by 1.02. Stride Length is calculated by:
`
`30
`
`3
`mounted stride counter 24, and a wrist or waist mounted
`display unit 26. An optional chest-mounted heart monitor 28
`can be included. All of the device components are mounted
`in suitable housings. The pedometer 20 includes a data
`processor 30 that is mounted in the same housing as either
`the step counter 24 or the display unit 26.
`The step counter 24 is an inertia device that counts the
`number of steps a user takes. The number of steps is
`transmitted to a data archive 32 either directly or via a
`transmitter 34. The data archive 32 is mounted in the
`housing with the step counter 24 or the display 26.
`The transmitter 34 is mounted in the step counter housing
`and is preferably an Rf telemetric signal transmitter with a
`30 inches to 36 inches transmission range. Alternately, the
`transmitter is a wireless or wired digital transmitter with a
`coding function to limit or eliminate interference with other
`similar devices. The wireless transmission range is set
`between 30 inches and 36 inches to provide adequate range
`to transmit signals from a user's waist to wrist, but not so far
`as to cause interference with other Rf or digital devices in
`the vicinity.
`The transmitter 34 transmits either raw data or calculated
`distances, pace, etc. to a wrist-mounted display unit receiver
`40. The receiver 40 relays a raw data signal to the data
`processor 30 or a calculated data signal directly to the
`display panel 42, such as an LCD or LED.
`Similarly, the heart rate monitor 28 includes a transmitter
`44 that transmits heart rate data to the display unit 26. The
`heart monitor transmitter 44 can transmit at the same or a
`different frequency as the stride counter 24, and to the same
`or a different receiver in the display unit 26. The heart rate
`transmitter 44 is preferably Rf, but can be digital for the
`reasons stated above. The range of the heart rate transmitter
`44 should also be between 30 inches and 36 inches to ensure
`effective communication with the receiver while limiting
`outside interference.
`The data processor 30 can also include a programmable
`logic controller, a personal computer, a programmable read(cid:173)
`only memory, or other suitable processor. The data processor
`30 includes a data archive 32 to store historic data on stride
`length and pace to be used in an algorithm for calculating
`actual distances, speed, and rate for real-time conversion of
`data to useful information for a user.
`The data processor 30 can also include closed loop or
`fuzzy logic programming to continually or periodically
`replace the base stride rate and length with recently calcu(cid:173)
`lated stride rates and lengths so that long term conditioning
`trends are accommodated in the base stride archive. Incor(cid:173)
`porating trend capabilities may further enhance accuracy of
`the distance and pace calculations.
`The display unit 26 also includes an operator interface 46
`such as a key pad, button, knob, etc. that enables the user to
`start and stop a clock 48 (or stop watch) and activate various
`use modes within the pedometer, such as a sampling mode
`and operation mode.
`One option for using the pedometer 20, requires the user
`to operate a "sampling mode" and begin walking or running
`a predetermined distance such as a mile or 1600 meters,
`preferably on a running track of a known size. Upon
`completion of the distance, a stop button on the operator 60
`interface 46 is pushed. The data processor 30 is programmed
`to then divide the distance by the number of strides counted
`to calculate an average stride length. This value is stored in
`the data archive 32 as the "Base Stride Length."
`Also, the data processor 30 is programmed to divide the 65
`number of strides by the time of the run or walk as measured
`by the clock 48 to arrive at a "Base Stride Rate."
`
`Actual Stride Length~Base Stride Length+Base Stride Length
`*(((Actual Stride Rate-Base Stride Rate)N)/Base Stride Rate)
`
`Where: N=l when Actual Stride Rate is less than or equal to
`55 Base Stride Rate multiplied by 1.02, and N=3 when Actual
`Stride Rate is greater than Base Stride Rate multiplied by
`1.02, although other N values in the range of one to three can
`be used.
`The above algorithm is accurate for heel to toe activities
`such as walking or jogging, but is less accurate for sprinting
`(toe only).
`A third method of calculating actual stride length uses
`three separate run or walk samples at three different paces.
`This is the most accurate option. With this method, the N
`values are unique for each individual. By deriving an N
`value for each individual, this value more accurately reflects
`the actual change in stride length with a change in pace.
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1001, Page 5 of 7
`
`

`

`US 6,434,212 B2
`
`5
`After a proper warmup, the user completes a sample run or
`walk on the track at a normal pace. This first sample Sl, will
`establish the Base Stride and the Base Steps Per Second.
`Sl SAMPLE:
`
`If:
`
`Then:
`
`5
`
`Si Stride~Base Stride~Distance/Number of Steps
`
`Si Steps Per Second or Si Steps Per Second~Base Steps Per Sec(cid:173)
`ond~Number of Steps Per Second
`
`6
`
`Actual Steps Per Second> Base Steps Per Second
`
`Stride Length~Base Stride+Base Stride*(((Actual Steps Per Sec(cid:173)
`ond-Base Steps Per Second)N)/Base Steps Per Second)
`
`And N~N2 (Stored Value)
`
`Following completion of the first run or walk at normal 10
`pace, the user runs or walks the same course and the same
`distance at a faster run or walking pace, but not a sprinting
`pace. The user should not run on his toes, but maintain the
`normal heel to toe jogging style. This is the S2 sample. The
`purpose of the S2 sample is to calculate an N2 value for each 15
`individual which reflects the effect an increase in Steps Per
`Second has on this individual's stride length. Some indi(cid:173)
`vidual's steps will lengthen more than others as Steps Per
`Second increases, and by finding the value for N2, this
`relative increase can be quantified for a more accurate and
`customized algorithm for each individual.
`S2 SAMPLE:
`
`20
`
`To find the N2 value, which will be used by the algorithm when
`Actual Steps Per Second>Base Steps Per Second
`
`N2~((S2 Stride * Si Steps Per Second)-(Si Stride * Si Steps Per
`Second))/(Si Stride (S2 Steps Per Second-Si Steps Per Sec(cid:173)
`ond))
`
`This value can be calculated since the distance is known,
`and both a Fast Stride Length (S2 Stride) and a Fast Steps
`Per Second (S2 Steps Per Second) can be calculated from the
`second sample.
`Following completion of the fast run or walk, the user
`runs the same course and the same distance at a slower than
`normal run or walking pace. This pace cannot exceed the 35
`first sample pace. This is the S3 sample. The purpose of the
`S3 sample is to calculate an N3 value for each individual
`which reflects the effect a decrease in Steps Per Second has
`on this individual's stride length. Some individual's steps
`will shorten more than others as Steps Per Second decreases, 40
`and by finding the value for N3, this relative decrease can be
`quantified for a more accurate and customized algorithm for
`each individual.
`S3 SAMPLE:
`
`This third option for calculating stride length, and subse(cid:173)
`quently distance, speed, and pace, is a far more accurate
`method than a fixed stride length pedometer. This device and
`method are also practical, convenient, and has a relatively
`low manufacturing cost. If an individual's running or walk(cid:173)
`ing style is progressing with training and practice (as seen by
`significantly improved times), then it may be beneficial for
`them to recalibrate their device by repeating the three
`samples every 3 to 6 months. If there are no significant
`improvements in time, then recalibration is not necessary.
`It is noted that any single stride length or pace discussed
`above can in fact be an average of a plurality of stride
`lengths or rates from test runs to further refine accuracy in
`the calculations of actual stride data.
`Other variations on this device could also incorporate an
`25 altimeter which measures changes in elevation. The stride
`length could then be adjusted (shortened) when elevation is
`increasing, and lengthened when elevation is decreasing.
`This adjustment could be done with an average value, as we
`used in setting option 2, or with a derived value by running
`30 or walking over a known distance on a hilly course. This
`device can use two batteries so that the calibration data is not
`lost when the batteries are replaced one at a time.
`Once the actual stride length is calculated for a given
`period of time, the value can be multiplied by the number of
`strides in that period to obtain a total distance for that period
`to be stored in a data archive file for that particular walk or
`run and added to other actual stride lengths or distances for
`other periods in which stride length was calculated. When
`the run or walk is completed, the user engages the operator
`interface 46 to indicate that a total distance is to be displayed
`on the display unit. Preferably, there is continual display of
`the distance traveled.
`As a result of accurately calculating distance traveled, the
`pedometer 20 also has the capability of calculating speed in
`45 miles per hour, for example or pace in minutes per mile,
`including average speed and pace over the course of that
`particular walk or run. Further, the pedometer 20 can include
`a port for coupling to a separate personal computer or
`computing device to create larger training histories, trends,
`50 etc.
`Additional features can include stop watches, day, date
`and time displays, as well as, heart rate displays as discussed
`above. Also, it will be understood that all distances and time
`periods used above can be varied in length and units of
`55 measure (English, metric, seconds, minutes, hours, etc.).
`The foregoing detailed description is provided for clear(cid:173)
`ness of understanding only and no unnecessary limitations
`therefrom should be read into the following claims.
`What is claimed is:
`1. An exercise monitoring device comprising:
`a strap for releasably securing the exercise monitoring
`device to a user;
`a step counter joined to the strap;
`a heart rate monitor joined to the strap; and
`a data processor programmed to calculate a distance
`traveled by multiplying a number of steps counted by
`
`To find the N3 value, which will be used by the algorithm when
`Actual Steps Per Second<Base Steps Per Second.
`
`N3~((S3 Stride * Si Steps Per Second)-(Si Stride * Si Steps Per
`Second))/(Si Stride (S2 Steps Per Second-Si Steps Per Sec(cid:173)
`ond))
`
`This value can be calculated since the distance is known
`and both a "Slow" Stride Length (S3 Stride) and a "Slow"
`Steps Per Second (S3 Steps Per Second) can be calculated
`from the third sample.
`Once these three samples are completed and the informa(cid:173)
`tion automatically calculated and stored in the data proces(cid:173)
`sor 30, then the following formula can be used for the most
`accurate measurements of speed and distance.
`If:
`
`Actual Steps Per Second is less than or equal to Base Steps Per
`Second
`
`Then:
`
`Stride Length~Base Stride+Base Stride*(((Actual Steps Per Sec(cid:173)
`ond-Base Steps Per Second)N)/Base Steps Per Second)
`
`And N~N3 (Stored Value)
`
`60
`
`65
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1001, Page 6 of 7
`
`

`

`US 6,434,212 B2
`
`5
`
`7
`the step counter by a stride length that varies according
`to a rate at which steps are counted.
`2. An exercise monitoring device comprising:
`a strap for releasably securing the exercise monitoring
`device to a user;
`a step counter joined to the strap;
`a heart rate monitor joined to the strap; and
`a data processor programmed to calculate a distance
`traveled by multiplying a number of steps counted by 10
`the step counter by a stride length that varies in
`accordance with a stride rate, wherein the stride length
`is determined with reference to a plurality of calibra(cid:173)
`tions that each calculate a stride length as a function of
`a known stride rate.
`3. The exercise monitoring device of claim 2, wherein the
`data processor is further programmed to recalibrate the
`stride length as a function of a subsequently calculated and
`known stride rate.
`4. The exercise monitoring device of claim 3, wherein the 20
`data processor is further programmed to recalibrate the
`stride length by calculating an average stride length from the
`calibration stride length and the recalibration stride length.
`5. An exercise monitoring device comprising:
`a strap for releasably securing the exercise monitoring 25
`device to a user;
`a step counter joined to the strap;
`a heart rate monitor joined to the strap; and
`a data processor programmed to calculate a distance 30
`traveled by multiplying the number of steps counted by
`the step counter by a stride length that varies according
`to the rate at which steps are counted, and further
`
`15
`
`8
`programmed to derive the stride length from a range of
`stride lengths calculated from a range of corresponding
`stride rates calculated from a plurality of calibration
`samples.
`6. A pedometer comprising:
`a step counter;
`a transmitter in communication with the step counter to
`generate a step count signal corresponding to each step
`and transmit the step count signal;
`a receiver mountable on a user body portion to receive the
`step count signal transmitted from the transmitter; and
`a data processor programmed to calculate a distance
`traveled by multiplying a number of steps counted by
`a stride length that varies according to a rate at which
`steps are taken, and further programmed to derive an
`actual stride length from a range of stride lengths
`calculated from a range of corresponding stride rates.
`7. The pedometer of claim 6, wherein the data processor
`is further programmed to:
`use the range of stride rates to create a corresponding
`range of stride lengths and compare an actual stride rate
`to the range of stride rates to derive a corresponding
`actual stride length.
`8. The pedometer of claim 7, wherein the data processor
`is further programmed to:
`interpolate between and extrapolate from the ranges of
`stride rates and stride lengths to calculate a plurality of
`additional corresponding stride rates and stride lengths.
`
`* * * * *
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1001, Page 7 of 7
`
`