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`E NTR‘
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`' MicrOsoft
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`Fully updated with the latest: ?
`technologies, terms, and acronyms] _
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`Easy to read, expertlyjllustrated
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`Definitive coverage ofhardWa-re,
`software, the Internet, and more!
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` PUBLISHED BY
`
`Microsoft Press
`
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 980526399
`
`Copyright © 2002 by Microsoft Corporation
`
`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
`or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
`
`
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging—imPublication Data
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary.—-5th ed.
`p. ; cm.
`ISBN 0435644954
`
`1. Computers--Dictionaries.
`
`2. Microcomputers-LDictionaries.
`
`AQ76.5. M52267
`004'.03--dc21
`
`2002
`
`200219714
`
`Printed and bound in the United States of America.
`
`123456789 QWT 765432
`
`Distributed in Canada by Penguin Books Canada Limited.
`
`A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
`Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. For further informa-
`tion about international editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation office or contact Microsoft
`Press International directly at fax (425) 936-7329. Visit our Web site at www.microsoft.cornlmspress.
`Send comments to mspinput@mfcrosofi.com.
`
`Active Desktop, Active Directory, ActiveMovie, ActiveStore, ActiveSync, ActiveX, Authenticode,
`BackOffice, BizTalk, ClearType, Direct3D, DirectAnimation, DirectDraw, Directlnput, DirectMusic,
`DirectPlay. DirectShow, DirectSound, DirectX, Entourage, FoxPro, FrontPage, Hotrnail, IntelliEye,
`IntelliMouse, IntelliSense, JScript, MapPoint, Microsoft, Microsoft Press, Mobile Explorer, MS—DOS,
`MSN, Music Central, NetMeeting, Outlook, PhotoDraw, PowerPoint, SharePoint, UltimateTV, Visio,
`Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual FoxPro, VisualinterDev, Visual J++, Visuai SourceSafe, Visual Studio,
`Win32, Win325, Windows, WindoWS Media, Windows NT, Xbox are either registered trademarks or
`trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. Other product and
`company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
`The example companies, organizations, products, domain names, e—mail addresses, logos, people, places,
`and events depicted herein are fictitious. No association with any real company, organization, product,
`domain name, e—mail address, logo, person, place, or event is intended or should be inferred.
`Acquisitions Editor: Alex Blanton
`Project Editor: Sandra Haynes
`
`Body Part No. X0841929
`
`
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`

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`20:} with little noticeable loss. 2. A graphic stored as a file
`in the JPEG format.
`
`JZEE, JTS, rollback.
`
`
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`information are recorded and stored in a separate log- If
`a system failure or other abnormal interruption occurs,
`the system will use stored backup files to repair files cor-
`rupted in the crash. Journaled file systems are widely used
`for business and intranet file sewers. In 2001, IBM con—
`tributed journaled file system technology to the open
`source community to allow development of similar file
`systems for Linux servers.
`
`joystick n. A pointing device used mainly but not exclu-
`sively for computer games. A joystick has a base, on
`which control buttons can be mounted, and a vertical stem,
`which the user can move in any direction to control the
`movement of an object on the screen; the stem may also
`have control buttons. The buttons activate various software
`features, generally producing on—screen events. A joystick
`is usually used as a relative pointing device, moving an
`object on the screen when the stem is moved and stopping
`the movement when the stem is released. In industrial con-
`trol applications, the joystick can also be used as an abso-
`lute pointing device, with each position of the stem
`mapped to a specific location on the screen. See the illus-
`tration. See also absolute pointing device, relative pointing
`device. Compare game pad.
`
`
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`Joystick.
`
`.jpeg n. The file extension that identifies graphic image
`files in the JPEG format. See also JPEG.
`
`JPEG n. 1. Acronym for Joint Photographic Experts
`Group. An ISOIITU standard for storing images in com»
`pressed form using a discrete cosine transform. JPEG
`trades ofi compression against loss; it can achieve a com-
`pression ratio of 100:1 with significant loss and possibly
`
`297
`
`JPEG File interchange Format n. See JFIF.
`
`.jpg n. The file extension that identifies graphic images
`encoded in the JPEG File Interchange Format, as origi—
`nally specified by the Joint Photographic Experts Group
`(JPEG). Inline graphics on World Wide Web pages are
`often .jpg files, such as coolgraphicjpg. See also JPEG
`(definition 2).
`
`JScript n. An interpreted, object-based scripting language
`that borrows from C, C++, and Java. It: is Microsoft‘s
`implementation of the ECMA 262 language specification
`(ECMAScript Edition 3). The latest versions oflavaScript
`and IScript are compliant with the European Computer
`Manufacturing Association‘s ECMAScript Language
`Specification (ECMA 262 standard, for short).
`JSGF it. See Java Speech Grammar Format.
`
`JSP :1. Short for JavaServer Pages. A technology created
`by Sun Microsystems to enable development of pladorm—
`independent Web—based applications. Using HTML and
`XML tags and Java scriptlets, JSP helps Web site develop-
`ers create cross-platform programs. JSP scriptlets run on
`the server, not in a Web browser, and generate dynamic
`content on Web pages, with the ability to integrate content
`from a variety of data sources, such as databases, files, and
`JavaBean components. Web site developers can concen-
`trate on design and display of a Web site without the need
`for application development expertise. See also Java, Java-
`Bean. Compare Active Server Pages.
`
`JSP Container a. Short for JavaServer Pages container.
`In the J2EE platform, a JSP container provides the same
`services as a servlet container, such as providing network
`services over which requests and responses are sent,
`decoding requests, and fonnatting responses. All servlet
`containers must support H'I'I‘P as a protocol for requests
`and responses, but they may also support additional
`request-response protocols such as H’ITPS. The JSP con-
`tainer is also an engine that interprets and processes JSP
`pages into a servlet. See also container, HTTP, HTTPS,
`JZEE, servlet. servlet container.
`
`JTA n. Acronym for Java Transaction API. In the DEE
`platform, LITA specifies transactions, comments, and roll-
`backs used by FJBS (Enterprise JavaBeans). It is a high-
`level, implementation-independent protocol API that
`allows applications and application servers to access trans-
`actions. See also application programming interface,
`
`