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`Included
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`Microsoft“?
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`yam
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`Cisco Systems, Inc.
`Exhibit 1018
`Page 1 of 4
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`

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`Cisco Systems, Inc.
`Exhibit 1018
`Page 2 of 4
`
`

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`1g
`iI
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`i iili
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`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052—6399
`
`Copyright © 1999 by Microsoft Corporation
`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
`or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging—in—Publication Data
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary. -— 4th ed.
`p. cm.
`Previous eds. published under title: Microsoft Press computer
`dictionary
`ISBN 0—7356-0615-3
`2. Microcomputers Dictionaries.
`1. Computers Dictionaries.
`I. Microsoft Press computer dictionary.
`QA76.15.M538
`1999
`004'.03-—dc21
`
`99—20168CIP
`
`Printed and bound in the United States of America.
`
`456789 MLML 43210
`
`Distributed in Canada by Penguin Books Canada Limited.
`
`A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
`Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. For further information
`about international editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation office or contact Microsoft Press
`International directly at fax (425) 936-7329. Visit our Web site at mspressniicrosoftcom.
`
`Macintosh, Power Macintosh, QuickTime, and TrueType fonts are registered trademarks of Apple Computer,
`Inc. Kodak is a registered trademark of the Eastman Kodak Company. Intel is a registered trademark and Indeo
`is a trademark of Intel Corporation. Active Desktop, Active Directory, ActiveMovie, Active Platform, ActiveX,
`Authenticode, BackOffice, DirectInput, DirectX, Microsoft, Microsoft Press, MS—DOS, MSN, NetMeeting,
`NetShow, Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual J++, WebTV, WebTV Network, Win32, Win323, Windows,
`Windows NT, and XENIX are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the
`United States and/or other countries. PANTONE is a registered trademark of Pantone, Inc. Other product and
`company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
`
`The example companies, organizations, products, people, and events depicted herein are fictitious. No associa—
`tion with any real company, organization, product, person, or event is intended or should be inferred.
`
`Acquisitions Editor: Christey Bahn
`Project Editor: Kim Fryer
`
`
`
`Cisco Systems, Inc.
`Exhibit 1018
`
`Page 3 of 4
`
`Cisco Systems, Inc.
`Exhibit 1018
`Page 3 of 4
`
`

`

`
`
`localization
`
`_._ liveware
`
`liveWare n. A Slang term for people, to distinguish
`them from hardware, software, and firmware. Also
`called wetware.
`
`LLC n. Acronym for Logical Link Control. In the
`IEEE 802.X specifications, the higher of two
`sublayers that make up the 180/051 data—link layer.
`The LLC is responsible for managing cornmunica—
`tions links and handling frame traffic. See also IEEE
`802x, MAC.
`
`load1 It. 1. The total computing burden a system car—
`ries at one time. 2. In electronics, the amount of cur—
`rent drawn by a device. 3. In communications, the
`amount of traffic on a line.
`
`load2 vb. To place information from storage into
`memory for processing, if it is data, or for execution,
`if it is program code.
`
`
`
`load point n. The beginning of the valid data area on
`a magnetic tape.
`
`load sharing n. A method of managing one or more
`tasks, jobs, or processes by scheduling and simulta-
`neously executing portions of them on two or more
`microprocessors.
`
`load-and-go adj. In reference to a routine, able to
`begin execution immediately, once loaded. The term
`is commonly used in reference to compilers and the
`machine code they generate.
`
`load shedding n. In electrical systems, the process of
`turning off power to some electronic equipment in
`order to maintain the integrity of the power supply to
`other connected devices. See also UPS.
`
`local adj. 1. In general, close at hand or restricted to a
`particular area. 2. In communications, a device that
`can be accessed directly rather than by means of a
`communications line. 3. In'inforrnation processing,
`
`
`
`
`
`ating system and is automatically invoked when a
`
`program is run. See also loader routine, load module.
`
`loader routine n. A routine that loads executable code
`into memory and executes it. A loader routine can be
`
`part of an operating system or it can be part of the
`
`program itself. See also loader, overlay1 (definition 1).
`
`load module 11. An executable unit of code loaded
`
`into memory by the loader. A program consists of
`one or more load modules, each of which can be
`
`loaded and executed independently. See also loader.
`
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`load balancing n. 1. In distributed processing, the
`distribution of activity across two or more servers in
`order to avoid overloading any one with too many
`requests from users. Load balancing can be either
`static or dynamic. In the former, the load is balanced
`ahead of time by assigning different groups of users
`to different servers. In the latter, software refers in-
`coming requests at runtime to whichever server is
`most capable of handling them. 2. In client/server
`network administration, the process of reducing
`heavy traffic flows either by dividing a busy network
`segment into multiple smaller segments or by using
`software to distribute traffic among multiple network
`interface cards working simultaneously to transfer
`information to a server. 3. In communications, the
`
`process of routing traffic over two or more routes
`rather than one. Such load balancing results in faster,
`more reliable transmissions.
`
`loaded line n. A transmission cable fitted with loading
`
`coils, usually spaced about a mile apart, that reduce
`amplitude distortion in a signal by adding inductance
`(resistance to changes in current flow) to the line.
`Loaded lines minimize distortion Within the range of
`
`frequencies affected by the loading coils, but the coils
`also reduce the bandwidth available for transmission.
`
`an operation performed by the computer at hand
`rather than by a remote computer. 4. In program-
`ming, a variable that is restricted in scope, that is,
`used in only one part (subprogram, procedure, or
`function) of a program. Compare remote.
`local area network n. See LAN.
`-
`
`local bus n. A PC architecture designed to speed up
`system performance by allowing some expansion
`boards to communicate directly with the micropro—
`cessor, bypassing the normal system bus entirely. See
`also PCI local bus, VL bus.
`
`local bypass n. A telephone connection used by some
`businesses that links separate buildings but bypasses
`the telephone company.
`localhost n. The name that is used to represent the
`same computer on which a TCP/IP message origi-
`nates. An IP packet sent to localhost has the I]? address
`127.0.0.1 and does not actually go out to the Internet.
`See also IP address, packet (definition 1), TCP/IP.
`
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`localization n. The process of altering a program so
`
`that it is appropriate for the area in which it is used.
`
`loader n. A utility that loads the executable code of a
`For example, the developers of a word processing
`program into memory for execution. On most micro-
`
`
`program must localize the sorting tables in the pro—
`computers, the loader is an invisible part of the oper—
`
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`Cisco Systems, Inc.
`Exhibit 1018
`Page 4 of 4
`
`