____________________________________________________________
`SEARCH TYPE: INVALIDITY SEARCH
`
`TITLE: US 6,775,235 and US 7,406,048
`
`PREPARED FOR: Shaun Hassett
`McGuire Woods
`2000 McKinney Avenue
`Dallas, TX 75201
`
`CLIENT REFERENCE NUMBER: None
`
`REPORT DATE: 11/23/2016
`
`____________________________________________________________
`CARDINAL PROJECT MANAGER: Joseph Sakevich
`
`CARDINAL REFERENCE NUMBER: 4010.154
`
`Cisco Systems, Inc.
`IPR2017-01845
`Exhibit 1023
`Page 1 of 36
`
`

`

`Stand Alone References
`
`US20020010866
`Claim 13 ('048)
`A method for controlling access to multiple independent disparate networks in a
`parallel network configuration, the disparate networks comprising at least one
`private network and at least one network based on the Internet, the method
`comprising the steps of:
`receiving a packet through a site interface that connects a controller to a site;
`selecting between at least two network interfaces of the controller which use at
`least two known location address ranges which are respectively associated with
`disparate networks, according to at least: a destination of the packet, an
`optional presence of alternate paths to that destination, and at least one
`specified criterion for selecting between alternate paths when such alternate
`paths are present; and
`sending the packet through the selected network interface.
`
`US20020010866
`Abstract
`
`Para [0047]
`Para [0126] - [0127]
`
`Para [0126] - [0127]
`
`US6272127
`Claim 13 ('048)
`A method for controlling access to multiple independent disparate networks in a
`parallel network configuration, the disparate networks comprising at least one
`private network and at least one network based on the Internet, the method
`comprising the steps of:
`receiving a packet through a site interface that connects a controller to a site;
`selecting between at least two network interfaces of the controller which use at
`least two known location address ranges which are respectively associated with
`disparate networks, according to at least: a destination of the packet, an
`optional presence of alternate paths to that destination, and at least one
`specified criterion for selecting between alternate paths when such alternate
`paths are present; and
`sending the packet through the selected network interface.
`
`US6272127
`Claim 19 ('048)
`A controller for combining connections for access to disparate parallel networks,
`the controller comprising:
`a site interface configured for receiving a packet which has a first site IP
`address as source address and a second site IP address as destination
`address; and
`a packet path selector which selects, within the controller on a per-packet basis,
`between a path through an Internet-based network and a path through a private
`network that is not Internet-based;
`wherein the controller receives a packet through the site interface and sends the
`packet through the network interface that was selected by the packet path
`selector.
`
`US6272127
`Abstract
`
`Col 3, ln 1 - 18
`Col 6, ln 18 - 33
`
`Col 28, ln 35 - 52
`
`US6272127
`Abstract
`
`Col 2, ln 8 - 49
`
`Col 2, ln 8 - 49;Col 3, ln 1 - 18
`
`Col 28, ln 35 - 52
`
`1
`
`Cisco Systems, Inc.
`IPR2017-01845
`Exhibit 1023
`Page 2 of 36
`
`

`

`Combined References
`
`US20020010866 Combined with US6647008
`Claim 1 ('048)
`A controller which controls access to multiple independent disparate networks in
`a parallel network configuration, the disparate networks comprising at least one
`private network and at least one network based on the Internet, the controller
`comprising:
`a site interface connecting the controller to a site;
`at least two network interfaces which send packets toward the disparate
`networks; and
`a packet path selector which selects between network interfaces, using at least
`two known location address ranges which are respectively associated with
`disparate networks, according to at least: a destination of the packet, an
`optional presence of alternate paths to that destination, and at least one
`specified criterion for selecting between alternate paths when such alternate
`paths are present;
`wherein the controller receives a packet through the site interface and sends the
`packet through the network interface that was selected by the packet path
`selector.
`
`US20020010866
`Abstract; Para [0126] - [0127]
`
`Para [0047]
`Para [0047]
`
`Para [0047]
`
`Para [0126] - [0127]
`
`US6647008
`
`Col 6, ln 43 - 58
`
`Col 6, ln 43 - 58
`
`ISDN News
`pg. 1
`
`ISDNNews, Kimetal., Weinstein
`Claim 1 ('048)
`A controller which controls access to multiple
`independent disparate networks in a parallel
`network configuration, the disparate networks
`comprising at least one private network and at
`least one network based on the Internet, the
`controller comprising:
`a site interface connecting the controller to a site; pg. 1
`at least two network interfaces which send
`pg. 1
`packets toward the disparate networks; and
`a packet path selector which selects between
`network interfaces, using at least two known
`location address ranges which are respectively
`associated with disparate networks, according to
`at least: a destination of the packet, an optional
`presence of alternate paths to that destination,
`and at least one specified criterion for selecting
`between alternate paths when such alternate
`paths are present;
`wherein the controller receives a packet through
`the site interface and sends the packet through
`the network interface that was selected by the
`packet path selector.
`
`pg. 1
`
`Kim et al.
`pg. 317, col. 2 to pg. 318, col. 2; pg. 321, col. 1
`
`Weinstein
`
`pg. 321, col. 1
`pg. 321, col. 1
`
`pg. 317, col. 2 to pg. 318, col. 2
`
`pg. 2 to pg. 3
`
`pg. 317, col. 2 to pg. 318, col. 2; pg. 321, col. 1
`
`US7224964 Combined with US6747964, US7224964
`Claim 4 (`235)
`A controller which controls access to multiple networks in a parallel network
`configuration, suitable networks comprising Internet-based networks and private
`networks from at least one more provider, in combination, the controller
`comprising:
`a site interface connecting the controller to a site;
`at least two network interfaces which send packets toward the networks; and
`
`US6747964
`Abstract
`
`Col 1, ln 48 - 61
`
`US7224964
`Abstract
`
`Col 4, ln 30 - 48
`Col 4, ln 30 - 48
`
`2
`
`Cisco Systems, Inc.
`IPR2017-01845
`Exhibit 1023
`Page 3 of 36
`
`

`

`US7224964 Combined with US6747964, US7224964
`Claim 4 (`235)
`a packet path selector which selects between network interfaces on a per-
`packet basis according to at least: a destination of the packet, an optional
`presence of alternate paths to that destination, and at least one specified
`criterion for selecting between alternate paths when such alternate paths are
`present;
`wherein the controller receives a packet through the site inter-face and sends
`the packet through the network interface that was selected by the packet path
`selector.
`
`US6747964
`Col 4, ln 44 - col 5, ln 8
`
`Col 4, ln 44 - col 5, ln 8
`
`US7224964
`
`ISDN News
`pg. 1
`
`ISDNNews, Kimetal., Weinstein
`Claim 4 (`235)
`A controller which controls access to multiple
`networks in a parallel network configuration,
`suitable networks comprising Internet-based
`networks and private networks from at least one
`more provider, in combination, the controller
`comprising:
`a site interface connecting the controller to a site; pg. 1
`at least two network interfaces which send
`pg. 1
`packets toward the networks; and
`a packet path selector which selects between
`network interfaces on a per-packet basis
`according to at least: a destination of the packet,
`an optional presence of alternate paths to that
`destination, and at least one specified criterion
`for selecting between alternate paths when such
`alternate paths are present;
`wherein the controller receives a packet through
`the site inter-face and sends the packet through
`the network interface that was selected by the
`packet path selector.
`
`pg. 1
`
`Kim et al.
`pg. 317, col. 2 to pg. 318, col. 2; pg. 321, col. 1
`
`Weinstein
`
`pg. 321, col. 1
`pg. 321, col. 1
`
`pg. 317, col. 2 to pg. 318, col. 2
`
`pg. 2 to pg. 3
`
`pg. 317, col. 2 to pg. 318, col. 2; pg. 321, col. 1
`
`US6272127 Combined with US6611872
`Claim 5 ('235)
`A method for combining connections for access to multiple parallel disparate
`networks, the method comprising the steps of:
`obtaining at least two known location address ranges which have associated
`networks;
`obtaining topology information which specifies associated networks that provide,
`when working, connectivity between a current location and at least one
`destination location;
`receiving at the current location a packet which identifies a particular destination
`location by specifying a destination address for the destination location;
`determining whether the destination address lies within a known location
`address range;
`selecting a network path from among paths to disparate associated networks,
`said networks being in parallel at the current location, each of said networks
`specified in the topology information as capable of providing connectivity
`between the current location and the destination location;
`forwarding the packet on the selected network path.
`
`US6272127
`Abstract; Col 2, ln 8 - 49
`
`Col 6, ln 18 - 33
`
`Col 50, ln 35 - 52
`
`Col 3, ln 1 - 18
`
`US6611872
`
`Col 5, ln 49 - 62
`
`Col 5, ln 49 - 62
`
`Col 5, ln 49 - 62
`
`3
`
`Cisco Systems, Inc.
`IPR2017-01845
`Exhibit 1023
`Page 4 of 36
`
`

`

`Weinstein Combined with Kimetal., Weinstein
`Claim 5 ('235)
`A method for combining connections for access to multiple parallel disparate
`networks, the method comprising the steps of:
`obtaining at least two known location address ranges which have associated
`networks;
`obtaining topology information which specifies associated networks that provide,
`when working, connectivity between a current location and at least one
`destination location;
`receiving at the current location a packet which identifies a particular destination
`location by specifying a destination address for the destination location;
`determining whether the destination address lies within a known location
`address range;
`selecting a network path from among paths to disparate associated networks,
`said networks being in parallel at the current location, each of said networks
`specified in the topology information as capable of providing connectivity
`between the current location and the destination location;
`forwarding the packet on the selected network path.
`
`Kim et al.
`pg. 317, col. 2 to pg. 318, col. 2; pg. 321, col. 1
`
`pg. 317, col. 2 to pg. 318, col. 2
`
`pg. 317, col. 2 to pg. 318, col. 2
`
`US6647008 Combined with US6272127
`Claim 7 ('048)
`A method for combining connections for access to disparate parallel networks,
`the method comprising the steps of:
`receiving at a controller a packet which has a first site IP address as source
`address and a second site IP address as destination address;
`selecting, within the controller on a per-packet basis, between a path through an
`Internet-based network and a path through a private network that is not Internet-
`based; and
`forwarding the packet along the selected path toward the second site.
`
`US6647008
`Abstract
`
`Col 7, ln 50 - 64
`
`Col 4, ln 60 - col 5, ln 15
`
`Weinstein Combined with Kimetal., Weinstein
`Claim 7 ('048)
`A method for combining connections for access to disparate parallel networks,
`the method comprising the steps of:
`receiving at a controller a packet which has a first site IP address as source
`address and a second site IP address as destination address;
`selecting, within the controller on a per-packet basis, between a path through an
`Internet-based network and a path through a private network that is not Internet-
`based; and
`forwarding the packet along the selected path toward the second site.
`
`Weinstein Combined with Kimetal., Weinstein
`Claim 13 ('048)
`A method for controlling access to multiple independent disparate networks in a
`parallel network configuration, the disparate networks comprising at least one
`private network and at least one network based on the Internet, the method
`comprising the steps of:
`receiving a packet through a site interface that connects a controller to a site;
`selecting between at least two network interfaces of the controller which use at
`least two known location address ranges which are respectively associated with
`disparate networks, according to at least: a destination of the packet, an
`
`Weinstein
`
`pg. 2 to pg. 3
`
`pg. 2 to pg. 3
`
`pg. 2 to pg. 3
`
`pg. 2 to pg. 3
`
`pg. 2 to pg. 3
`
`US6272127
`Col 3, ln 1 - 18
`
`Col 3, ln 1 - 18
`
`Weinstein
`
`pg. 2 to pg. 3
`
`pg. 2 to pg. 3
`
`Kim et al.
`pg. 317, col. 2 to pg. 318, col. 2; pg. 321, col. 1
`
`pg. 317, col. 2 to pg. 318, col. 2
`
`pg. 317, col. 2 to pg. 318, col. 2
`
`Kim et al.
`pg. 317, col. 2 to pg. 318, col. 2; pg. 321, col. 1
`
`Weinstein
`
`pg. 321, col. 1
`pg. 317, col. 2 to pg. 318, col. 2
`
`pg. 2 to pg. 3
`
`4
`
`Cisco Systems, Inc.
`IPR2017-01845
`Exhibit 1023
`Page 5 of 36
`
`

`

`Weinstein Combined with Kimetal., Weinstein
`Claim 13 ('048)
`optional presence of alternate paths to that destination, and at least one
`specified criterion for selecting between alternate paths when such alternate
`paths are present; and
`sending the packet through the selected network interface.
`
`Kim et al.
`
`Weinstein
`
`pg. 317, col. 2 to pg. 318, col. 2
`
`ISDNNews, Kimetal.
`Claim 19 ('048)
`A controller for combining connections for access to disparate parallel networks,
`the controller comprising:
`a site interface configured for receiving a packet which has a first site IP
`address as source address and a second site IP address as destination
`address; and
`a packet path selector which selects, within the controller on a per-packet basis,
`between a path through an Internet-based network and a path through a private
`network that is not Internet-based;
`wherein the controller receives a packet through the site interface and sends the
`packet through the network interface that was selected by the packet path
`selector.
`
`ISDN News
`pg. 1
`
`pg. 1
`
`pg. 1
`
`pg. 1
`
`US6272127 Combined with US7224964
`Claim 19 ('235)
`A method for combining connections for access to parallel networks, the method
`comprising the steps of:
`sending a packet to a site interface of a controller, the controller comprising the
`site interface which receives packets, at least two network interfaces to parallel
`networks, and a packet path selector which selects between the network
`interfaces on a per-session basis to promote load-balancing; and
`forwarding the packet-through the network interface selected byte packet path
`selector;
`wherein the step of sending a packet to the controller site interface is repeated
`as multiple packets are sent, and the controller sends different packets of a
`given message to different parallel networks.
`
`US6272127
`Abstract
`
`Col 2, ln 8 - 49; Col 3, ln 1 - 18
`
`ISDNNews, Kimetal.
`Claim 19 ('235)
`A method for combining connections for access to parallel networks, the method
`comprising the steps of:
`sending a packet to a site interface of a controller, the controller comprising the
`site interface which receives packets, at least two network interfaces to parallel
`networks, and a packet path selector which selects between the network
`interfaces on a per-session basis to promote load-balancing; and
`forwarding the packet-through the network interface selected byte packet path
`selector;
`wherein the step of sending a packet to the controller site interface is repeated
`as multiple packets are sent, and the controller sends different packets of a
`given message to different parallel networks.
`
`ISDN News
`pg. 1
`
`pg. 1
`
`pg. 1
`
`5
`
`Kim et al.
`pg. 317, col. 2 to pg. 318, col. 2; pg. 321, col. 1
`
`pg. 321, col. 1
`
`pg. 317, col. 2 to pg. 318, col. 2; pg. 321, col. 1
`
`pg. 317, col. 2 to pg. 318, col. 2; pg. 321, col. 1
`
`US7224964
`
`Col 4, ln 30 - 48
`
`Kim et al.
`pg. 321, col. 1
`
`pg. 321, col. 1
`
`pg. 321, col. 1
`
`pg. 317, col. 2 to pg. 318, col. 2
`
`Cisco Systems, Inc.
`IPR2017-01845
`Exhibit 1023
`Page 6 of 36
`
`

`

`US7224964 Combined with US6647008
`Claim 22 ('235)
`A computer storage medium having a configuration that represents data and
`instructions which will cause performance of a method for combining
`connections for access to multiple parallel disparate networks, the method
`comprising the steps of:
`obtaining at least two known location address ranges which have associated
`networks;
`obtaining topology information which specifies associated networks that provide,
`when working, connectivity between a current location and at least one
`destination location;
`receiving at the current location a packet which identifies a particular destination
`location by specifying a destination address for the destination location;
`determining whether the destination address lies within a known location
`address range; selecting a network path from among paths to disparate
`associated networks, said networks being in parallel at the current location,
`each of said networks specified in the topology information as capable of
`providing connectivity between the current location and the destination location;
`modifying the packet destination address to lie within a known location address
`range associated with the selected network if it does not already do so; and
`forwarding the packet on the selected network path.
`
`Weinstein Combined with Kimetal., Weinstein
`Claim 22 ('235)
`A computer storage medium having a configuration that represents data and
`instructions which will cause performance of a method for combining
`connections for access to multiple parallel disparate networks, the method
`comprising the steps of:
`obtaining at least two known location address ranges which have associated
`networks;
`obtaining topology information which specifies associated networks that provide,
`when working, connectivity between a current location and at least one
`destination location;
`receiving at the current location a packet which identifies a particular destination
`location by specifying a destination address for the destination location;
`determining whether the destination address lies within a known location
`address range; selecting a network path from among paths to disparate
`associated networks, said networks being in parallel at the current location,
`each of said networks specified in the topology information as capable of
`providing connectivity between the current location and the destination location;
`modifying the packet destination address to lie within a known location address
`range associated with the selected network if it does not already do so; and
`forwarding the packet on the selected network path.
`
`All References
`
`US7224964
`Abstract
`
`US6647008
`
`Col 6, ln 43 - 58; Col 7, ln 50 - 64
`
`Col 6, ln 43 - 58; Col 7, ln 50 - 64
`
`Col 6, ln 43 - 58; Col 7, ln 50 - 64
`
`Col 6, ln 43 - 58; Col 7, ln 50 - 64
`
`Col 6, ln 43 - 58; Col 7, ln 50 - 64
`
`Col 10, ln 34 - 45
`
`Kim et al.
`pg. 317, col. 2 to pg. 318, col. 2; pg. 321, col. 1
`
`Weinstein
`
`pg. 2 to pg. 3
`
`pg. 2 to pg. 3
`
`pg. 2 to pg. 3
`
`pg. 2 to pg. 3
`
`pg. 2 to pg. 3
`
`pg. 317, col. 2 to pg. 318, col. 2
`
`pg. 317, col. 2 to pg. 318, col. 2
`
`Reference #
`*** Pat ***
`
`Title
`*** Patent References ***
`
`Company
`
`Authors
`
`Pub / Issue Date
`11/23/2016
`
`US20020010866
`
`Method and apparatus for improving peer-to-peer
`bandwidth between remote networks by
`
`McCullough, David J.; (Upper Brookfield, AU) ;
`Meissner, Wayne; (Woolloowin, AU) ; Humphrey,
`
`01/24/2002
`
`6
`
`Cisco Systems, Inc.
`IPR2017-01845
`Exhibit 1023
`Page 7 of 36
`
`

`

`combining multiple connections which use
`arbitrary data paths
`
`Reference Notes
`Filing date: Dec 18, 2000
`
`Craig S.; (Auchenflower, AU) ; Biggs, Christopher
`J.; (Chapel Hill, AU) ; Merenda, Antonio Basilio;
`(Chapel Hill, AU)
`
`Abstract: A method and apparatus for increasing peer-to-peer bandwidth between remote networks by combining multiple connections, which use arbitrary data paths, is disclosed. The apparatus is a
`gateway node, which can be a specifically designed computer, open computer platform or extensions to firmware resident in a router; gateway or remote access server. The method includes origin
`authentication and data confidentiality, packet fragmenting, sequencing directed-routing, buffering, fragment encapsulation, packet re-assembly, and additional encapsulation for traversal of firewalls.
`Packet fragments transferred using the method can travel along very diverse paths through intervening public or private networks before arriving at the peer, which reassembles them. This eliminates the
`problems present in current aggregation schemes used by prior art, which are sensitive to the limitations in the infrastructure in the service provider's points of presence.
`
`Para [0047]: FIG. 4 is a simplified diagram of a system in accordance with the present invention. A public computer network, such as the Internet 32, is represented by the cloud-shaped figure. The
`public network includes one or more Points of Presence (PoP) 50, 52, 54, 56, 58 for one or more Internet Service Providers. An Initiator device (also referred to as a gateway) 60 is connected to one
`edge of the public network 32 by means of one or more links, ILink 1-N 62, 64, 66, of a first set of links. Each link 62-66 of the first set terminates at a one of the PoPs 50, 56 within the public network 32.
`A Responder device (also referred to as a gateway) 70 connects at another edge to the public network 32 by means of one or more links, RL1-N 72, 74, 76, of a second set of links. Each link 72-76 of the
`second set of links terminates at one of the PoPs 52, 58 within the public network 32. One link that interconnects the Responder and the public network must have a static Public IP address, but the other
`links of the second set can use dynamic IP addresses. A Virtual Private Network 80 is established between the Initiator 60 and the Responder 70 and includes one of the first set of links, the public
`network and one of the second set of links. The VPN connects a private network 82 connected to the Initiator 60 to the a private network 84 connected to the Responder 70.
`
`Para [0055] - [0057]: The present invention provides the facilities to, in fact, treat multiple tunnels between the Initiator and Responder as a unified channel. Such a unified channel is called a superior
`virtual circuit (SVC) and the individual tunnels are called inferior virtual circuits (IVCs). An IVC is a peer-to-peer connection between an initiator and responder that includes a PPP link between the
`initiator and the public network, a connections through the public network, and an equivalent PPP link between the responder and the public network.
`
`A necessary condition for treating the IVCs as a unified channel is that the packet load must be distributed approximately equally over each the IVCs. If this condition were not met, some of the IVCs
`would take most of the load causing saturation of those IVCs while other IVCs would stand idle. This unbalanced condition would not lead to a SVC whose bandwidth is approximately the aggregate of
`the individual bandwidths of the IVCs, nor one that would have scalable bandwidth.
`
`One way to balance the packet load over the IVCs is to fragment a tunnel source packet and to distribute the smaller packets across available IVCs to share the load equally. This enables the fragments
`of the original tunnels packet to travel down multiple paths simultaneously, across the public IP network, to the eventual peer destination.
`
`Para [0126] - [0127]: In addition, the PC server gateway can also bundle connections across multiple external routers, DSL modems or cable modems, in order to provide a higher aggregate bandwidth
`to other PC server gateway peers. ADSL 596 connections often suffer from line quality while cable modems may suffer from congestion problems. Certain areas serviced by ADSL may only reach a
`small fraction of the maximum line capacity due to their distance from the ADSL access multiplexers. Both of these services are usually asymmetric with vastly different downstream and upstream speeds
`because they were developed primarily for downloading Web material from content providers. In a bi-directional site-to-site connection, the upstream speed of the connection will govern the bandwidth.
`The present invention allows the site-to-site bandwidth (i.e., upstream) to scale by using multiple ADSL or cable modem connections in parallel, without any need to modify the access equipment at the
`provider. This also enables the PC server gateway to scale in bandwidth and provide multi-megabit tunnel throughput to service a very large number of small network gateways at remote locations. The
`latter is particularly useful to Application Service Providers (ASP) that provide outsourcing of their clients fundamental MIS, accounting etc., applications onto server computers at their PoPs. Clients use
`Internet-enabled thin-client applications at their sites to transact with the server application at the ASP. The small network gateways provide the client's office network with secure tunnels, built on multiple
`connections, which have been aggregated, to the ASP to provide cost-effective bandwidth.
`
`Another embodiment of the present invention requires improvements to popular router firmware, which already contains its own operating system. The improvements to the router firmware provide a
`gateway function and include packet fragmenting, sequencing buffering fragment encapsulation and packet re-assembly in order for the remote small network gateways to benefit from the speed afforded
`by their multiple connections. This implementation is of major benefit to organizations that have a significant investment in pre-existing high-speed routers at their regional and central offices. The router
`device embodiment enables a very large number of small network gateways, using multiple connections, to have tunnel connections to a central network. The router operating system requires support for
`IPSec and many other Internet protocols and services which are upgraded to provide the packet processing that is consistent with channel aggregation of the present invention.
`
`US6272127
`
`Network for providing switched broadband
`multipoint/multimedia intercommunication
`
`Ehron WarpSpeed Services, Inc. (Pleasanton,
`CA)
`
`Golden; Michael E. (Pleasanton, CA), Cobb;
`Richard E. (San Francisco, CA), Grenley; George
`R. (Pleasanton, CA), Rundquist; William A.
`(Fremont, CA), Chu; Todd D. (Los Altos, CA),
`Woodyatt; James H. (San Francisco, CA), Jex;
`Jessica Dasha (Oakland, CA), DeAvila; Miguel J.
`(San Francisco, CA)
`
`08/07/2001
`
`Reference Notes
`Filing date: Nov 10, 1997
`
`Abstract: The present invention provides broadband multimedia communication over the standard circuit-switched public switched telephone network infrastructure (PSTN) and other physical or virtual
`circuit-switched infrastructures while simultaneously and transparently interoperating with the public Internet packet-switched infrastructure to effectively merge the capabilities of the two types of
`infrastructures into a seamless capability that can bring the benefits of using both types of existing switching infrastructures to large groups of users under the control of the same common and simple
`interface tools such as web browsers. The invention enables users to establish both packet-switched connections for sending or receiving content for which low-latency and unpredictable response times
`are not a problem (i.e. text, small graphics, e-mail, small file transfers); and circuit-switched connections for sending or receiving content that benefits from streaming data at fixed data rates, without
`contention for bandwidth from other users during a communication session, (i.e. video, voice, complex graphics and animations, or large file transfers).
`
`Col 2, ln 8 - 49: The present invention also aims at providing a network control infrastructure that handles routing and billing of multimedia communication, at arbitrary bandwidths, using both the
`
`7
`
`Cisco Systems, Inc.
`IPR2017-01845
`Exhibit 1023
`Page 8 of 36
`
`

`

`standard worldwide public telephone standards and infrastructure, and the public Internet standards and infrastructure.
`
`The present invention further aims at providing on-demand local and wide-area broadband multimedia communication without intruding on, or requiring replacement of, existing on-site data
`communication infrastructures, such as LANs, or unnecessarily replacing any of the standard switching or transport infrastructure already in place in the existing PSTN.
`
`Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a network that combines access to the public Internet for access to packet-switched services such as a user's LAN and/or the Internet, and to the
`PSTN infrastructure for access to wide area point-to-point switched-circuit services, using a single physical access connection to an individual user, with seamless World Wide Web browser software
`control of both classes of service, and the use of Internet Protocol (IP) addressing to control circuit switching over the PSTN circuit switching and transport infrastructure.
`
`Col 3, ln 1 - 18: Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a multimedia capable network that is able to provide end-to-end switched broadband connections on-demand in which individual
`connections and/or segments of individual connections may be switched through and/or between different (and often historically incompatible) types of switching and transport methodologies. For
`example, one leg of a connection might be carried as Ethernet packets on a pseudo-isochronous dedicated ethernet connection, another carried as virtual bearer channels over a switched virtual circuit
`ATM connection, and yet another carried as switched physical bearer channels over conventional telecommunication facilities. The present invention provides generic end-to-end control, signaling
`translation, and data traffic translation means to combine such historically incompatible heterogenous classes of switching and transport resources into seamless broadband local and wide area switched
`broadband network capability.
`
`Col 6, ln 18 - 33: One embodiment of a local node 50 according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 2. It includes user workstations 100-1 . . . 100-q connected to a premises switch 110 via existing
`local area network type wiring 120. The premises switch 110 is connected both to the users' existing LAN routing facilities 130, using a new connection 135, and to the city node of the broadband
`network. The connection 135 between the premises switch and the existing LAN routing facilities allows users of the broadband network to remain logically connected to their existing LAN resources
`while simultaneously having the ability to establish connections over the broadband network. As will be explained later, this ability to simultaneously connect to two different networks is accomplished in
`such a way that neither the user, nor the LAN's management systems see any change in the users' LAN addresses or traffic load.
`
`Col 28, ln 35 - 52: Moreover, it should be noted that when sending data to the LIU (which came from the LAN via PCI bus 118), mux/demux 1030 and CPU 116 together preferably fragment the data
`received from workstations or workstation interfaces, which are typically large, into smaller pieces, so that transmission of each piece can occur simultaneously, and therefore more quickly. That is, the
`outgoing network data is fragmented among the assigned bearer channels for that connection (as maintained by bonding function 123). For example, a 1500-byte Ethernet packet is split up into ten 150-
`byte fragments and multiplexed among ten bearer channels, assuming that the number of bearer channels assigned for the connection is ten. Alternatively to this linear division of bandwidth, a load-
`balancing algorithm can be used to divide the data. Each fragment is sent via a separate path within TDM switch 1050 to the LIU. When receiving data from the LIU, mux/demux 1030 assembles the
`fragments back into a large block, for transmission on the LAN.
`
`Col 50, ln 35 - 52: The route controllers 73 of network control system server 40 illustrated in FIG. 45 establish reserved bandwidth for connections within the broadband network. As would be expected of
`any circuit-switch control environment, route controllers 73 perform two major functions: connection setup and connection teardown. The route controllers of the present invention, however, are
`differentiated from conventional circuit-switch systems by their use of Internet Protocol internal addressing (as distinguished from normal telephone dialing plan addressing), by their simultaneous
`evaluation of multiple routes, and by their use of a unique multicasting technique for control of the setup and teardown transactions. These differences enable the route controllers of the present invention
`to practically and very efficiently combine the capabilities of existing circuit-switched networks with the capabilities of the existing pack