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`

`McGRAW-HILL
`DICTIONARY OF
`SCIENTIFIC AND
`TECHNICAL
`TERMS
`
`Sixth
`Edition
`
`McGraw-Hill
`
`San Francisco
`Chicago
`New York
`Lisbon
`London Madrid Mexico City
`Milan New Delhi
`SanJuan
`Seoul
`Singapore
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`
`Toronto
`
`

`

`the cover: Representation of a fullerene molecule with a noble gas atom trapped
`it ade, At the Permian-Triassic sedimentary boundary the noble gases helium and argon
`have been found trappedinside fullerenes. They exhibit isotope ratios quite similar to
`those found in meterorites, suggesting that a fireball meteorite or asteroid exploded
`whenit hit the Earth, causing major changesin the environment. (Image copyright ©
`Dr. Luann Becker. Reproduced with permission.)
`
`Overthe six editions of the Dictionary, material has been drawn from the following references: G. M. Garrity
`et al., Taxonomic Outline ofthe Procaryotes, Release 2, Springer-Verlag, January 2002; D. W.Linzey, Vertebrate
`Biology, McGraw-Hill, 2001; J. A. Pechenik, Biology of the Invertebrates, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill, 2000; U.S.
`Air Force Glossary of Standardized Terms, AF Manual 11-1, vol. 1, 1972: E Casey, ed., Compilation of Terms
`in Information Sciences Technology, Federal Council for Science and Technology, 1970; Communications-
`Electronics Terminology, AF Manual 11-1, vol. 3, 1970; P. W. Thrush, comp. and ed., A Dictionary ofMining,
`Mineral, and Related Terms, Bureau of Mines, 1968: A DOD Glossary of Mapping, Charting and Geodetic
`Terms, Department of Defense, 1967; J. M. Gilliland, Solar-Terrestrial Physics: A Glossary of Terms and
`Abbreviations, Royal Aircraft Establishment Technical Report 67158, 1967: W. H, Allen, ed., Dictionary of
`Technical Terms for Aerospace Use, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1965: Glossary of Stinfo
`Terminology, Office of Aerospace Research, U.S. Air Force, 1963: Naval Dictionary of Electronic, Technical,
`and Imperative Terms, Bureau of Naval Personnel, 1962; R. E. Huschke, Glossary of Meteorology, American
`Meteorological Society, 1959; ADP Glossary, Department of the Navy, NAVSO P-3097; Glossary ofAir Traffic
`Control Terms, Federal Aviation Agency; A Glossary of Range Terminology, White Sands Missile Range, New
`Mexico, National Bureau of Standards, AD 467-424: Nuclear Terms: A Glossary, 2d ed., Atomic Energy
`Commission.
`
`McGRAW-HILL DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TERMS,
`Sixth Edition
`Copyright © 2003, 1994, 1989, 1984, 1978, 1976, 1974 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights
`reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act
`of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced ordistributed in any form or by any means, or stored
`in a database orretrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
`
`1234567890
`
`DOW/DOW
`
`08765432
`
`ISBN 0-07-042313-X
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`McGraw-Hill dictionary ofscientific and technical terms--6th ed.
`Pp.
`cm.
`ISBN 0-07-042313-X (alk. paper)
`|. Science--Dictionaries.
`2. Technology--Dictionaries.
`and technical terms.
`
`I. Title: Dictionary of scientific
`
`Q123.MI5
`503—de21
`
`2002
`
`2002026436
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`596
`
`die holder
`
`die lines
`
`{ dé'a-gd
`
`{
`
`,di-a‘lek-trik p>
`
`{ div
`
`{
`
`,di-
`
`{
`
`,di-o'lek-
`
`{ ,di-o'lek-
`
`applied
`voltage
`
`|
`material to be
`heated
`
`
`
`Basic assembly for dielectric
`heating.
`
`recognized by reaction with a specific antibody.
`[ELECTROMAG] A lens made of dielectric
`dielectric lens
`material so that it refracts radio waves in the same manner
`‘blad ,griip }
`[ENG] A plate or block on which the die black
`die holder
`that an optical lens refracts light waves; used with microwave
`is mounted; it is fastened to the bolster or press 8a,
`{ ‘di
`antennas.
`{
`,di-a'lek-trik ‘lenz }
`|hdld-ar}
`a
`
`dielectric-lens=antenna [ELECTROMAG] An aperture
`
`
`dieing machine [MECHENG]Avertical press with th slide
`antenna in which the beam width is determined by the dimen-
`activated by pull rods attached to the drive mechanism below
`sions ofa dielectric lens through which the beampasses.
`{
`,dI-
`the bed of the press.
`{ ‘di-in ma'shén }
`ajlek-trik {lenz an'ten-a }
`dieinsert
`[FNG] A removablepart orthelinerof a die body
`Theelectric energy that is
`dielectric loss
`[ELECTROMAG]
`or punch.
`{ ‘di ,in-sart }
`converted into heat in a dielectric subjected to a varying electric
`diel
`[sci TECH] Occurring on a 24-hour cycle, as opposed
`field, Also known as dielectric absorption.
`{ ,di-a'lek-trik
`to diurnal (day) or nocturnal (night) occurrences,{‘di,el }
`'los }
`dieldrin
`[ORGCHEM] C,;HgCl;O A white, crystalline con-
`dielectric loss angle
`[ELEC] Difference between 90° and
`tact insecticide obtained by oxidation of aldrin; used in moth-
`the dielectric phase angle,
`{
`,di-ajlek+trik {los ,an-gal }
`proofing carpets and other furnishings.
`{ ‘dél-dran }
`dielectric loss factor
`[ELEC]
`Product of the dielectric con-
`dielectric See dielectric material.
`{
`,di-a'lek-trik }
`stant of a material and the tangent of its dielectric loss angle.
`dielectric absorption
`[ELEC] The persistence of electric
`{ ,di-ajlek-trik {los ,fak-tar }
`polarization in certain dielectrics after removal of the electric
`In waveguide
`[ELECTROMAG]
`dielectric matching plate
`field. See dielectric loss.
`{
`,di-a'lek-trik ab'sorp-:shan }
`technique, a dielectric plate used as an impedance transformer
`dielectric amplifier
`[ELECTR] An amplifier using a ferro-
`for matching purposes.
`{ ,di-a'lek-trik 'mach-in ,plat}
`electric capacitor whose capacitance varies with applied voltage
`dielectric material
`[MaTER]
`1. Also known as dielectric.
`so as
`to give signal amplification.
`{
`,di-a'lek-trik ‘am:
`2. A material which is an electrical insulator or in which an
`pla,fi-or }
`electric field can be sustained with a minimumdissipation of
`[ELECTROMAG] An antenna in which a
`dielectric antenna
`power. 3. In a more general sense, any material other than a
`dielectric is the major component used to produce a desired
`condensed state of a metal.
`{
`,di-a'lok-trik ma,tir-é-al }
`radiation pattern.
`{
`,di-a'lek-trik an'ten-a }
`dielectric breakdown
`[ELECTR] Breakdown which occurs
`dielectric phase angle
`[Lec] Angulardifference in phase
`between the sinusoidal alternating potential difference applied
`in an alkali halide crystal at field strengths on the order of 10°
`volts per centimeter.
`{
`,diva'lek-trik 'brak,daun }
`to a dielectric and the componentof the resulting alternating
`current having the same period as the potential difference.
`dielectric circuit
`[ELEC] Any electric circuit which has
`capacitors,
`{
`,di-a'lek-trik 'sar-kat }
`{
`,di-a'lek-trik 'faz an-gal }
`dielectric polarization See polarization.
`dielectric constant
`[ELEC]
`1. For an isotropic medium, the
`la-ra'za-shan }
`ratio of the capacitance ofa capacitorfilled with a given dielec-
`tric to that of the same capacitor having only a vacuum as
`[ELEC] Cosine of the dielectric
`dielectric power factor
`dielectric.
`2. More generally,
`1 + yy, where y is 47 in
`phase angle (or sine of the dielectric loss angle),
`{
`,di-a'lek-
`Gaussian and cgs electrostatic units or |
`in rationalized mks
`trik 'paur ,fak-tar }
`units, and y is the electric susceptibility tensor. Also known
`[ELECTROMAG] A surface-wave
`dielectric-rod antenna
`as relative dielectric constant; relative permittivity; specific
`antenna in which an end-fire radiation pattern is produced by
`inductive capacity (SIC).
`{
`,di-a'lek-trik 'kdn-stant }
`propagation of a surface wave on a tapered dielectric rod,
`dielectric crystal
`[ELEC] Accrystal whichis electrically non-
`{
`,di-ajlek-trik rad an'ten-a }
`conducting.
`{
`,di-a'lek-trik 'krist-al }
`dielectric shielding
`[FLEC] The reduction of an electric
`dielectric curing
`[ENG] A process for curing a thermoset-
`field in some regionby interposing a dielectric substance, such
`ting resin by subjecting it to a high-frequency electric charge.
`as polystyrene, glass, or mica.
`{
`,di-a'lek-trik 'shéld-in }
`{
`,di-a'lek-trik 'kytr-in }
`{
`dielectric soak See absorption.
`,di-a'lek-trik ‘sok }
`dielectric current
`[ELEC] The current flowing at any instant
`dielectric strength [ELEC] The maximum electrical poten-
`through a surface ofa dielectric that is located in a changing
`tial gradient
`that a material can withstand without rupture;
`electric field.
`{
`,df-a'lek-trik 'kar-ant }
`usually specified in volts per millimeter of thickness, Also
`dielectric displacement See electric displacement.
`knownas electric strength.
`{ di-a'lek-trik 'strenkth }
`a'‘lek-trik di'splas-mant}
`dielectric susceptibility See electric susceptibility,
`For an anisotropic medium in
`dielectric ellipsoid [ELEC]
`a'lek-trik sa,sep-ta'bil-ad-é }
`which the dielectric constant is a tensor quantity K, the locus
`dielectrictest [ELEC]Atest involving application of a volt-
`
`of points r satisfying r-K-r = 1.
`{ ,di-a'lek-trik a'lip,sdid }
`dielectric fatigue
`[ELECTR] The property of some dielec-
`age higher than the rated value fora specified time, to determine
`the margin of safety againstlater failure of insulating materials.
`trics in whichresistance to breakdown decreasesafter a voltage
`has been applied for a considerable time.
`{ ,di-a'lek-trik
`{ di-a'lek-trik ‘test }
`fa'tég }
`to
`[ANALY CHEM] Apparatus
`dielectric vapor detector
`[fLec] The averagetotal electric field acting
`dielectric field
`measure the change in the dielectric constant of gases or gas
`upon a molecule or group of molecules inside a dielectric.
`mixtures; used as a detector in gas chromatographs to sense
`Also knownasinternal dielectric field.
`{ ,di-a'lek-trik 'féld }
`changes in carrier gas.
`{
`'di-a'lek-trik 'va-par di,tek-tar }
`dielectric film [ELEC] A film possessing dielectric proper-
`dielectric waveguide
`[ELEC] A waveguide consisting ofa
`ties; used as the central layer of a capacitor.
`{
`,diva'lek-trik
`dielectric
`cylinder
`surrounded
`by
`air.
`{
`,di-a'lek+trik
`‘film }
`‘wiv gid }
`dielectric flux density See electric displacement.
`(ELECTROMAG] A wedge-shaped piece of
`dielectric wedge
`trik 'floks den-sad-é }
`dielectric used in a waveguide to match its impedance to that
`dielectric gas
`[ELEC] A gas having a high dielectric con-
`of another waveguide.
`{ di-a'lek-trik 'wej }
`stant, such as sulfur hexafluoride.
`[
`,dt-a'lek-trik ‘gas }
`dielectric wire
`[ELECTROMAG] A dielectric waveguide used
`dielectric heating
`[ELEC] Heating of a nominally electrical
`to transmit ultva-high-frequency radio waves short distances
`insulating material due to its own electrical (dielectric) losses,
`between parts of a circuit.
`{ di-a'lek-trik ‘wir }
`when the material is placed in a varying electrostatic field.
`dielectronic recombination
`[aromepHys] The combination
`{
`,di-a'lek-trik "héd-in }
`of an electron with a positive-ion in a gas, so that the energy
`dielectric hysteresis See ferroelectric hysteresis.
`released is taken up by two electrons of the resulting atom.
`tik hi-sto'ré-sas }
`{ di-a,lek'triin-ik ,ré,kim-ba'na: shan }
`[soLip stare] Energy levels
`dielectric imperfection levels
`that occur in the forbidden zone between the valence and con-
`an
`of
`ability
`dielectrophoresis
`[PHYS
`CHEM] The
`uncharged material to move when subjected to an electric field.
`duction bandsof a dielectric crystal, because of imperfections
`{ {di-a,lek-tr6-fa'ré-sas }
`in the crystal,
`{ ,di-a'lek-trik ,im-par'fek:shan ,lev-alz }
`dielines
`[ENG] Lines or markings onthe surface of a drawn,
`dielectric leakage
`[ELEC] A very small steady current that
`flows through a dielectric subject to a steady electric field.
`formed, or extruded product due to imperfections in the surface
`of the die.
`{ ‘df ,linz }
`{
`,di-a'lek-trik 'lék-ij }
`
`DIELECTRIC HEATING
`
`plates
`
` motal
`
`