OVER
`10,000
`Se
`
`Microsoft
`
`software, the In
`
`Fully updated
`technologies, te
`Easy to read, ex,
`Definitive covera
`
`IPR2017-01819
`NVIDIA v. Polaris
`Polaris Ex. 2003
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`

`

`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
`
`Copyright © 2002 by Microsoft Corporation
`
`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
`or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary.--Sth ed.
`p. cm.
`ISBN 0-7356-1495-4
`
`1. Computers--Dictionaries.
`
`2. Microcomputers--Dictionaries.
`
`AQ76.5. M52267
`004'.03--dc21
`
`2002
`
`200219714
`
`Printed and boundin the United States of America.
`
`23456789 QWT 765432
`
`Distributed in Canada by H.B. Fenn and CompanyLtd.
`
`A CIPcatalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
`
`Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. For further informa-
`tion aboutinternational editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation office or contact Microsoft
`Press International directly at fax (425) 936-7329. Visit our Web site at www.microsoft.com/mspress.
`Send comments to mspinput@ microsoft.com.
`
`Active Desktop, Active Directory, ActiveMovie, ActiveStore, ActiveSync, ActiveX, Authenticode,
`BackOffice, BizTalk, ClearType, Direct3D, DirectAnimation, DirectDraw, DirectInput, DirectMusic,
`DirectPlay, DirectShow, DirectSound, DirectX, Entourage, FoxPro, FrontPage, Hotmail, IntelliEye,
`IntelliMouse, IntelliSense, JScript, MapPoint, Microsoft, Microsoft Press, Mobile Explorer, MS-DOS,
`MSN, Music Central, NetMeeting, Outlook, PhotoDraw, PowerPoint, SharePoint, UltimateTV, Visio,
`Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual FoxPro, Visual InterDev, Visual J++, Visual SourceSafe, Visual Studio,
`Win32, Win32s, Windows, Windows Media, Windows NT, Xbox are either registered trademarks or
`trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. Other product and
`company names mentioned herein maybe the trademarks of their respective owners.
`
`The example companies, organizations, products, domain names, e-mail addresses, logos, people, places,
`and events depicted herein are fictitious. No association with any real company, organization, product,
`domain name, e-mail address, logo, person, place, or event is intended or should be inferred.
`
`Acquisitions Editor: Alex Blanton
`Project Editor: Sandra Haynes
`
`Body Part No. X08-41929
`
`IPR2017-01819
`NVIDIAv. Polaris
`Polaris Ex. 2003
`
`IPR2017-01819
`NVIDIA v. Polaris
`Polaris Ex. 2003
`
`

`

`adaptive answering
`
`adaptive answering n. The ability of a modem to detect
`whether an incomingcall is a fax or a data transmission
`and respond accordingly. See also modem.
`
`adaptive delta pulse code modulation n. A class of
`compression encoding and decoding algorithmsused in
`audio compression and other data compression applica-
`tions. These algorithmsstore digitally sampled signals as a
`series of changes in value, adapting the range of the
`change with each sample as needed,thus increasing the
`effective bit resolution of the data. Acronym: ADPCM.See
`also pulse code modulation. Compare adaptivedifferential
`pulse code modulation.
`
`adaptive differential pulse code modulation n. A dig-
`ital audio compression algorithm that stores a sample as
`the difference between a linear combination of previous
`samples and the actual sample, rather than the measure-
`mentitself. The linear combination formula is modified
`every few samples to minimize the dynamic rangeofthe
`outputsignal, resulting in efficient storage. See also pulse
`code modulation. Compare adaptive delta pulse code
`modulation.
`
`adaptive load balancing n. See load balancing.
`
`adaptive routing n. See dynamic routing.
`
`adaptive system n. Anartificial intelligence system that
`is capableofaltering its behavior based on certain features
`of its experience or environment. See also expert system.
`ADBn. See Apple Desktop Bus.
`
`ADC n. See analog-to-digital converter.
`
`A-D convertern. See analog-to-digital converter.
`
`addern. 1. A componentof the CPU (central processing
`unit) that adds two numberssentto it by processing
`instructions. See also central processing unit. 2. A circuit
`that sumsthe amplitudes,or strength, of two inputsignals.
`See also full adder, half adder.
`
`add-in n. See add-on.
`
`addition record n. 1. A file that describes new record
`entries (such as a new customer, employee, or product) in
`a database so that they can later be scrutinized and posted.
`2. A record in a changefile specifying a new entry. See
`also changefile.
`
`add-on n. 1. A hardware device, such as an expansion
`board orchip, that can be added to a computer to expand
`its capabilities. Also called: add-in. See also openarchi-
`
`19
`
`address mask | ce
`
`tecture (definition 2). 2. A supplemental program that can
`extend the capabilities of an application program. See also
`utility program.
`addresst n. 1. A numberspecifying a location in memory
`where data is stored. See also absolute address, address
`space, physical address, virtual address. 2. A name or
`token specifying a particular computerorsite on the Inter-
`net or other network. 3. A code used to specify an e-mail
`destination.
`
`address? vb. To referencea particular storage location.
`
`addressable cursor n. A cursor programmedsothatit
`can be movedto any location on the screen, by means of
`the keyboard or a mouse.
`
`address bookn.1. In an e-mail program,a reference sec-
`tion listing e-mail addresses and individuals’ names. 2. As
`a Web page, an informal e-mail or URL phonebook.
`
`address bus x. A busconsisting of 20 to 64 separate
`hardware lines that is used to carry the signals specifying
`memory locations for data. See also bus.
`
`address classes n. Predefined groupings of Internet
`addresses with each class defining networks of a certain
`size. The range of numbers that can be assigned for the
`first octet in the IP address is based on the addressclass.
`Class A networks (values 1 to 126) are the largest, with
`more than 16 million hosts per network. Class B networks
`(128 to 191) have up to 65,534 hosts per network, and
`Class C networks (192 to 223) can have up to 254 hosts
`per network.
`
`address decodern. An electronic device that converts a
`numeric addressto the electrical signals needed toselecta_—_—_——_
`specific memory location on one or more RAI_
`addressing n. The processof assigningorref
`address. In programming,the addressis typical
`specifying a memory location. See also addres\
`address mapping table n. A table used by ro
`DNS (Domain Name System) servers to obtain
`sponding IP (Internet Protocol) addressof a text
`computer resource, such as the nameof a host c
`on the Internet. Acronym: AMT.See also DNS sq
`address, router.
`
`computer with a network address number, will bl
`
`address mark n. See index mark.
`
`address mask n. A numberthat, when compare
`
`IPR2017-01819
`NVIDIAv. Polaris
`Po
`
`IPR2017-01819
`NVIDIA v. Polaris
`Polaris Ex. 2003
`
`

`

`‘CORBA
`
`CORBA n. Acronym for Common Object Request Broker
`Architecture. A specification developed by the Object
`ManagementGroupin 1992 in which pieces of programs
`(objects) communicate with other objects in other pro-
`grams, even if the two programsare written in different
`programming languagesandare running on different plat-
`forms. A program makesits request for objects through an
`object request broker, or ORB, and thus does not need to
`know the structure of the program from which the object
`comes. CORBAis designed to work in object-oriented
`environments. See also IIOP,object (definition 2), Object
`Management Group, object-oriented.
`core n. One of the types of memory built into computers
`before random access memory (RAM) wasavailable or
`affordable. Some peoplestill use the term to refer to the
`main memory of any computer system, as in the phrase
`core dump—alisting of the raw contents of main memory
`at the momentof a system crash. Compare RAM.
`core class n. In the Java programming language, a public
`class or interface that is a standard memberofthe lan-
`guage. Core classes, at minimum,are available on all
`operating systems where the Java platform runs. A pro-
`gram written entirely in the Java programming language
`relies only on core classes. See also class (definition 1),
`object, object-oriented programming.
`core program n. A program or program segmentthatis
`resident in random access memory (RAM).
`coresident adj. Ofor pertaining to a condition in which
`two or more programsare loaded in memory at the same
`time.
`
`coronawire n. In laser printers, a wire though which high
`voltage is passed to ionize the air and transfer a uniform
`electrostatic charge to the photosensitive medium in prep-
`aration for the laser.
`
`coroutine n. A routine that is in memory at the same time
`as, and frequently executed concurrently with, another.
`corrective maintenancen. The process of diagnosing
`and correcting computer problemsafter they occur. Com-
`pare preventive maintenance.
`correspondencequality n. See print quality.
`corruption n. A process wherein data in memory or on
`disk is unintentionally changed, with its meaning thereby
`altered or obliterated.
`
`CP/M —
`
`cost-benefit analysis n. The comparison of benefits to
`costs for a particular item or action. Cost-benefit analysis
`is often used in MIS or IS departmentsto determine such
`things as whether purchasing a new computer system isa
`good investmentor whetherhiring morestaff is necessary.
`See also IS, MIS.
`
`coulomb n. A unit of electrical charge equivalent to
`roughly 6.26 x 10!8 electrons, with a negative charge
`being an excessofelectrons anda positive charge being a
`deficiency of electrons.
`countern. 1. In programming, a variable used to keep
`count of something.2. In electronics, a circuit that counts
`a specified numberofpulses before generating an output.
`3. A device that keeps track of the numberofvisitors to a
`World Wide Website.
`
`countingloop n. Ina program, a group of statementsthat
`are repeated, thereby incrementing a variable used as a
`counter (for example, a program might repeat a counting
`loop that adds 1 to its counter until the counter equals 10).
`See also loop! (definition 1).
`country code n. See major geographic domain.
`country-specific adj. Of, pertaining to, or characteristic
`of hardware or software that uses characters or conven-
`tions unique to a particular country or group of countries.
`Country-specific does not necessarily refer to spoken lan-
`guages,althoughit does allow for special characters (such
`as accent marks) that are language-specific. Generally, the
`features considered country-specific include keyboard lay-
`out (including special-character keys), time and date con-
`ventions,financial and monetary symbols, decimal
`notation (decimal point or comma), and alphabetic sorting
`order. Such features are handled either by a computer’s
`operating system (for example, by the Keyboard and
`Country commands in MS-DOS)or by application pro-
`gramsthat offer options for tailoring documentsto a par-
`ticular set of national or international conventions.
`
`courseware n. Software dedicated to educationor training.
`
`courtesy copy n. See cc.
`
`CPA n. See Computer Press Association.
`CPCP n. See HTCPCP.
`
`cpi n. See characters per inch.
`CP/M n. Acronym for Control Program/Monitor. A line
`of operating systems from Digital Research,Inc. (DRI),
`
`IPR2017-01819
`NVIDIAv. Polaris
`Polaris Ex. 2003
`
`IPR2017-01819
`NVIDIA v. Polaris
`Polaris Ex. 2003
`
`