OVER
`10,000
`ENTRIES _
`
`software, the In
`
`Fully updated
`technologies, , fie
`Easy to read, e '
`Definitive cover '
`
`IPR2017-01819
`NVIDIA v. Polaris
`Polaris Ex. 2003
`
`

`

`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052—6399
`
`Copyright © 2002 by Microsoft Corporation
`
`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
`or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in—Publication Data
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary.--5th ed.
`p. cm.
`ISBN 0—7356-1495-4
`
`1. Computers——Dictionaries.
`
`2. Microcomputers——Dictionaries.
`
`AQ76.5. M52267
`004'.03——dc21
`
`2002
`
`200219714
`
`Printed and bound in the United States of America.
`
`23456789 QWT 765432
`
`Distributed in Canada by HE. Fenn and Company Ltd.
`
`A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
`
`Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. For further informa-
`tion about international editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation office or contact Microsoft
`Press International directly at fax (425) 936—7329. Visit our Web site at www.microsoft.com/mspress.
`Send comments to mspinput@micrasoft.c0m.
`
`Active Desktop, Active Directory, ActiveMovie, ActiveStore, ActiveSync, ActiveX, Authenticode,
`BackOffice, BizTalk, ClearType, Direct3D, DirectAnimation, DirectDraw, Directlnput, DirectMusic,
`DirectPlay, DirectShow, DirectSound, DirectX, Entourage, FoxPro, FrontPage, Hotmail, IntelliEye,
`IntelliMouse, IntelliSense, JScript, MapPoint, Microsoft, Microsoft Press, Mobile Explorer, MS—DOS,
`MSN, Music Central, NetMeeting, Outlook, PhotoDraw, PowerPoint, SharePoint, UltimateTV, Visio,
`Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual FoxPro, Visual InterDev, Visual J++, Visual SourceSafe, Visual Studio,
`Win32, Win32s, Windows, Windows Media, Windows NT, Xbox are either registered trademarks or
`trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. Other product and
`company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
`
`The example companies, organizations, products, domain names, e-mail addresses, logos, people, places,
`and events depicted herein are fictitious. No association with any real company, organization, product,
`domain name, e—mail address, logo, person, place, or event is intended or should be inferred.
`
`Acquisitions Editor: Alex Blanton
`Project Editor: Sandra Haynes
`
`Body Part No. X08—41929
`
`|PR2017-01819
`NVIDIA v. Polaris
`Polaris Ex. 2003
`
`IPR2017-01819
`NVIDIA v. Polaris
`Polaris Ex. 2003
`
`

`

`adaptive answering
`
`address mask E
`
`adaptive answering n. The ability of a modem to detect
`whether an incoming call is a fax or a data transmission
`and respond accordingly. See also modem.
`
`tecture (definition 2). 2. A supplemental program that can
`extend the capabilities of an application program. See also
`utility program.
`
`adaptive delta pulse code modulation n. A class of
`compression encoding and decoding algorithms used in
`audio compression and other data compression applica—
`tions. These algorithms store digitally sampled signals as a
`series of changes in value, adapting the range of the
`change with each sample as needed, thus increasing the
`effective bit resolution of the data. Acronym: ADPCM.See
`also pulse code modulation. Compare adaptive differential
`pulse code modulation.
`
`adaptive differential pulse code modulation n. A dig—
`ital audio compression algorithm that stores a sample as
`the difference between a linear combination of previous
`samples and the actual sample, rather than the measure—
`ment itself. The linear combination formula is modified
`
`every few samples to minimize the dynamic range of the
`output signal, resulting in efficient storage. See also pulse
`code modulation. Compare adaptive delta pulse code
`modulation.
`
`adaptive load balancing n. See load balancing.
`
`adaptive routing It. See dynamic routing.
`
`adaptive system n. An artificial intelligence system that
`is capable of altering its behavior based on certain features
`of its experience or environment. See also expert system.
`
`ADB 11. See Apple Desktop Bus.
`
`ADC 11. See analog-to-digital converter.
`
`A-D converter a. See analog-to-digital converter.
`
`adder n. 1. A component of the CPU (central processing
`unit) that adds two numbers sent to it by processing
`instructions. See also central processing unit. 2. A circuit
`that sums the amplitudes, or strength, of two input signals.
`See also full adder, half adder.
`
`add-in n. See add-on.
`
`addition record n. 1. A file that describes new record
`
`entries (such as a new customer, employee, or product) in
`a database so that they can later be scrutinized and posted.
`2. A record in a change file specifying a new entry. See
`also change file.
`
`add-on n. 1. A hardware device, such as an expansion
`board or chip, that can be added to a computer to expand
`its capabilities. Also called: add—in. See also open archi—
`
`address1 It. 1. A number specifying a location in memory
`where data is stored. See also absolute address, address
`space, physical address, virtual address. 2. A name or
`token specifying a particular computer or site on the Inter-
`net or other network. 3. A code used to specify an e-mail
`destination.
`
`address2 vb. To reference a particular storage location.
`
`addressable cursor n. A cursor programmed so that it
`can be moved to any location on the screen, by means of
`the keyboard or a mouse.
`
`address book n. 1. In an e—mail program, a reference sec-
`tion listing e-mail addresses and individuals’ names. 2. As
`a Web page, an informal e—mail or URL phone book.
`
`address bus 11. A bus consisting of 20 to 64 separate
`hardware lines that is used to carry the signals specifying
`memory locations for data. See also bus.
`
`address classes n. Predefined groupings of Internet
`addresses with each class defining networks of a certain
`size. The range of numbers that can be assigned for the
`first octet in the IP address is based on the address class.
`
`Class A networks (values 1 to 126) are the largest, with
`more than 16 million hosts per network. Class B networks
`(128 to 191) have up to 65,534 hosts per network, and
`Class C networks (192 to 223) can have up to 254 hosts
`per network.
`
`address decoder n. An electronic device that converts a
`
`numeric address to the electrical signals needed tlontiecta/eic/
`specific memory location on one or more RAr
`
`addressing n. The process of assigning or ref
`address. In programming, the address is typica
`specifying a memory location. See also addresi
`
`address mapping table n. A table used by re
`DNS (Domain Name System) servers to obtain
`sponding IP (Internet Protocol) address of a text
`computer resource, such as the name of a host 0
`on the Internet. Acronym: AMT.See also DNS sq
`address, router.
`
`computer with a network address number, will bl
`
`address mark n. See index mark.
`
`address mask n. A number that, when compare
`
`19
`
`| R2017-01819
`NVI
`IA v. Polaris
`
`Po
`
`IPR2017-01819
`NVIDIA v. Polaris
`Polaris Ex. 2003
`
`

`

`CORBA
`
`CP/M '
`
`CORBA n. Acronym for Common Object Request Broker
`Architecture. A specification developed by the Object
`Management Group in 1992 in which pieces of programs
`(objects) communicate with other objects in other pro-
`grams, even if the two programs are written in different
`programming languages and are running on different plat—
`forms. A program makes its request for objects through an
`object request broker, or ORB, and thus does not need to
`know the structure of the program from which the object
`comes. CORBA is designed to work in object-oriented
`environments. See also HOP, object (definition 2), Object
`Management Group, object—oriented.
`
`core n. One of the types of memory built into computers
`before random access memory (RAM) was available or
`affordable. Some people still use the term to refer to the
`main memory of any computer system, as in the phrase
`core dump—a listing of the raw contents of main memory
`at the moment of a system crash. Compare RAM.
`
`core class 11. In the Java programming language, a public
`class or interface that is a standard member of the lan—
`
`guage. Core classes, at minimum, are available on all
`operating systems where the Java platform runs. A pro-
`gram written entirely in the Java programming language
`relies only on core classes. See also class (definition I),
`object, object—oriented programming.
`
`core program n. A program or program segment that is
`resident in random access memory (RAM).
`
`coresident adj. Of or pertaining to a condition in which
`two or more programs are loaded in memory at the same
`time.
`
`corona wire n. In laser printers, a wire though which high
`voltage is passed to ionize the air and transfer a uniform
`electrostatic charge to the photosensitive medium in prep—
`aration for the laser.
`
`coroutine n. A routine that is in memory at the same time
`as, and frequently executed concurrently with, another.
`
`corrective maintenance 11. The process of diagnosing
`and correcting computer problems after they occur. Com-
`pare preventive maintenance.
`
`correspondence quality n. See print quality.
`
`corruption n. A process wherein data in memory or on
`disk is unintentionally changed, with its meaning thereby
`altered or obliterated.
`
`cost-benefit analysis n. The comparison of benefits to
`costs for a particular item or action. Cost-benefit analysis
`is often used in MIS or IS departments to determine such c
`things as whether purchasing a new computer system is a
`good investment or whether hiring more staff is necessary.
`See also IS, MIS.
`
`coulomb n. A unit of electrical charge equivalent to
`
`roughly 6.26 X 1018 electrons, with a negative charge
`being an excess of electrons and a positive charge being a
`deficiency of electrons.
`
`counter n. 1. In programming, a variable used to keep
`count of something. 2. In electronics, a circuit that counts
`a specified number of pulses before generating an output.
`3. A device that keeps track of the number of visitors to a
`World Wide Web site.
`
`counting loop n. In a program, a group of statements that
`are repeated, thereby incrementing a variable used as a
`counter (for example, a program might repeat a counting
`loop that adds 1 to its counter until the counter equals 10).
`See also loop1 (definition 1).
`
`country code n. See major geographic domain.
`
`country-specific adj. Of, pertaining to, or characteristic
`of hardware or software that uses characters or conven—
`
`tions unique to a particular country or group of countries.
`Country-specific does not necessarily refer to spoken lan-
`guages, although it does allow for special characters (such
`as accent marks) that are language—specific. Generally, the
`features considered country—specific include keyboard lay-
`out (including special—character keys), time and date con-
`ventions, financial and monetary symbols, decimal
`notation (decimal point or comma), and alphabetic sorting
`order. Such features are handled either by a computer’s
`operating system (for example, by the Keyboard and
`Country commands in MS—DOS) or by application pro—
`grams that offer options for tailoring documents to a par—
`ticular set of national or international conventions.
`
`courseware 71. Software dedicated to education or training.
`
`courtesy copy n. See cc.
`
`CPA n. See Computer Press Association.
`CPCP n. See. HTCPCP.
`
`cpi n. See characters per inch.
`
`CP/M n. Acronym for Control Program/Monitor. A line
`of operating systems from Digital Research, Inc. (DRI),
`
`131
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`|PR2017-01819
`NVIDIA v. Polaris
`Polaris Ex. 2003
`
`IPR2017-01819
`NVIDIA v. Polaris
`Polaris Ex. 2003
`
`