v More than 18,000 entries
`
`licr'rIonarvo
`Computing
`
`v ihe most comprehensive computing dictionary ever published
`
`IPR2017-01819
`NVIDIA v. Polaris
`Polaris Ex. 2002
`
`

`

`IBM DICTIONARY
`OF COMPUTING
`
`Compiled and edited by
`GEORGE McDANIEL
`
`McGRAW-HILL, INC.
`New York San Francisco Washington, D.C. Auckland Bogota’
`Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan
`Montreal New Delhi San Juan Singapore
`Sydney Tokyo Toronto
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`Limitation of Liability
`While the Editor and Publisher of this book have made reasonable efforts to
`ensure the accuracy and timeliness of the information contained herein, nei-
`ther the Editor nor the Publisher shall have any liability with respect to loss or
`damage caused or alleged to be caused by reliance on any information con-
`tained herein.
`
`Copyright © 1994 by International Business Machines Corporation. All rights
`reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under
`the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be
`reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data
`base or retrieval system, without the prior written permisssion of the pub-
`lisher.
`
`1234567890 DOC/DOC 99876543
`
`ISBN 0-07—031488-8 (HC)
`ISBN 0-07-031489-6 (PBK)
`
`The sponsoring editor for this book was Daniel A. Gonneau and the
`production supervisor was Thomas G. Kowalczyk.
`
`Printed and bound by R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company.
`
`Tenth Edition (August 1993)
`This is a major revision of the IBM Dictionary of Computing, SC20-1699-8,
`which is made obsolete by this edition. Changes are made periodically to the
`information provided herein.
`It is possible that this material may contain reference to, or information about,
`IBM products (machines and programs), programming, or services that are
`not announced in your country. Such references or information must not be
`construed to mean that IBM intends to announce such IBM products, pro-
`gramming, or services in your country. Comments may be addressed to IBM
`Corporation, Department E37/656, P. O. Box 12195, Research Triangle Park,
`NC 27709.
`
`International Edition
`
`Copyright © 1994 by International Business Machines Corporation. Exclusive
`rights by McGraw—Hill, Inc. for manufacture and export. This book cannot be
`re-exported from the country to which it is consigned by McGraw-Hill. The
`International Edition is not available in North America.
`
`When ordering this title, use ISBN 0—07-113383-6.
`
`This book is printed on acid-free paper.
`
`
`
`|PR2017-01819
`NVIDIA v. Polaris
`Polaris Ex. 2002
`
`IPR2017-01819
`NVIDIA v. Polaris
`Polaris Ex. 2002
`
`

`

`A/D
`
`[12]
`
`adder-subtracter
`
`multitasking, and facilities
`gramming. (A)
`
`for object—oriented pro-
`
`Note: Ada is named after Lady Augusta Ada Byron
`Lovelace, the daughter of Lord Byron, who is said to
`have been the first programmer.
`
`A/D Analog—to-digital.
`
`Adaptable Process A process designed to maintain
`effectiveness and efficiency as requirements change.
`The process is deemed adaptable when there is agree—
`ment among the suppliers, owners, and customers that
`the process will meet requirements through the stra—
`tegic period.
`
`for
`adapter (1) A mechanism for attaching parts;
`example, parts having different diameters.
`(2) A part
`that electrically or physically connects a device to a
`computer or to another device.
`(3) Hardware used to
`join different optical fiber connector types. Contrast
`with coupler.
`(4) A printed circuit board that modi—
`fies the system unit to allow it to operate in a partic-
`ular way.
`
`adapter blank A machine element of a network con-
`troller that is placed in an empty adapter position to
`maintain proper airflow.
`
`adapter check In the network control program, an
`error condition detected by the communication scanner
`or channel adapter and presented to the communi-
`cation controller by a level 1 interrupt.
`
`adapter code In X25 communications, the IBM X25
`Interface Co—Processor/2 Protocol Code, which con—
`trols the frame—level and packet—level communication
`processing.
`
`adapter control block (ACB) In NCP, a control
`block that contains line control
`information and the
`states of I/O operations for BSC lines, SS lines, or
`SDLC links.
`
`Adapter Support Interface In an IBM Token-Ring
`Network, the software used to operate the token-ring
`adapter cards in attached IBM personal computers.
`
`Image Compression (ABIC) A
`Adaptive Bilevel
`4—bit image capable of displaying up to 16 shades of
`gray.
`
`code modulation In
`adaptive differential pulse
`multimedia applications, a technique in which pulse
`code modulation samples are compressed before they
`are stored on a disc. ADPCM, an extension of the
`PCM format, is a standard encoding format for storing
`audio information in a digital
`format.
`It
`reduces
`storage requirements by storing differences between
`successive digital samples rather than full values.
`
`adaptive pacing Synonym for adaptive session-level
`pacing.
`
`adaptive session-level pacing A form of session—level
`pacing in which session components exchange pacing
`windows that may vary in size during the course of a
`session. This allows transmission within a network to
`adapt dynamically to variations in availability and
`demand of buffers on a session—by-session basis.
`Session-level pacing occurs within independent stages
`along the session path according to local congestion at
`the intermediate and endpoint nodes.
`Synonymous
`with adaptive pacing, adaptive session pacing.
`See
`pacing, session—level pacing, virtual route pacing.
`
`session
`adaptive
`session—level pacing.
`
`pacing Synonym for
`
`adaptive
`
`adaptive thresholding A process used in text scan«
`ning that increases the contrast between the scanned
`image (text) and the background to increase legibility.
`
`ADC Analog-to-digital converter.
`
`ADCS IBM Advanced Data Communications
`Stores.
`
`for
`
`AD/Cycle An IBM product that offers an enterprise
`modeling approach supported by tools that will assist
`in the creation of an enterprise model to be validated,
`analyzed, and then used to generate applications.
`It
`consists of a framework for, and a set of, application
`development tools provided by an Application Devel-
`opment (AD) platform, designed to support the inte—
`gration of tools through a consistent user interface,
`workstation services, an AD information model,
`tool
`services, Repository Services, and Library Services.
`It
`provides control for defining and sharing application
`development data.
`
`add See false add.
`
`add authority In the AS/400 system, a data authority
`that allows the user to add entries to an object;
`for
`example, add job entries to a job queue or add records
`to a file. Contrast with delete authority. See also read
`authority, update authority.
`
`addend In an addition operation, a number or quan-
`tity added to the augend. (I)
`(A)
`
`adder A functional unit whose output data is a repre-
`sentation of the sum of the numbers represented by its
`input data.
`(T)
`
`that acts as an
`adder-subtracter A functional unit
`adder or subtracter, depending upon the control signal
`received. An adder—subtracter ma be constructed so
`IP 2017-01819
`NVIDIA v. Polaris
`Polaris Ex. 2002
`
`IPR2017-01819
`NVIDIA v. Polaris
`Polaris Ex. 2002
`
`

`

`
`corrective maintenance time
`[152]
`CP capabilities
`
`scheduled or
`corrective maintenance time Time,
`unscheduled, used to perform corrective maintenance.
`(A)
`
`corrective service In VSE, the installation of a PTF
`or an APAR fix that corrects a specific problem.
`
`Corrective Service Diskette A diskette provided by
`IBM to registered service coordinators for resolving
`user-identified problems with previously installed soft—
`ware.
`This
`diskette
`includes
`program updates
`designed to resolve problems.
`
`correlated subquery In SQL, a subquery, part of a
`WHERE or HAVING clause, applied to a row or
`group of rows of the table or View named in the outer
`SELECT statement.
`
`correlation name In SQL, an identifier that desig-
`nates a table, a View, or an individual row of a table
`or View within a single SQL statement. The name can
`be defined in any FROM clause or in the first clause
`of an UPDATE or DELETE statement.
`
`Intercon-
`correspondent entities In Open Systems
`nection architecture, entities in the same layer that
`have a connection between them at
`the next
`lower
`layer. (T)
`
`COS (1) Class of service.
`services.
`
`(2) Common operations
`
`COS table In ACF/TCAM, a list of classes of service
`for a network. See class of service.
`
`coulomb The amount of electricity transferred in one
`second by a one-ampere current.
`
`count See message count.
`
`counter (l) A functional unit with a finite number of
`states each of which represents a number that can be,
`upon receipt of an appropriate signal,
`increased by
`unity or by a given constant. This device is usually
`capable of bringing the represented number to a speci-
`fied value;
`for example, zero.
`(T)
`(2) In COBOL,
`a data item used for storing numbers or number
`representations in a manner that permits these numbers
`to be increased or decreased by the value of another
`number, or to be changed or reset to zero or to an
`arbitrary positive or negative value.
`See
`linage
`counter,
`sum counter.
`(3) A register or
`storage
`location to accumulate number of event occurrences.
`(4) See instruction counter, modulo-n counter, prese—
`lector counter, reversible counter, total counter.
`
`security, any action,
`countermeasure In computer
`device, procedure,
`technique, or other measure that
`reduces the vulnerability of or threat to a system. See
`also exposure, risk.
`
`counter-pressure cylinder In a duplicator, a cylinder
`that brings the paper into contact with the master or
`blanket under pressure to effect
`the transfer of the
`image.
`(T)
`
`count-key-data (CKD) device A disk storage device
`that stores data in a format consisting of a count field,
`usually followed by a key field, followed by the actual
`data of a record. The count field contains, among
`others, the address of the record in the format CCHHR
`(CC = cylinder number, HH = head number, R =
`record number) and the length of the data;
`the key
`field contains
`the record’s key (search argument).
`Contrast with fixed-block-architecture (FBA) device.
`
`the 3—digit
`country code In X.25 communications,
`number that precedes the national terminal number in
`the network user address for public networks.
`
`country extended code page (CECP) An 8—bit code
`page that has a 93-character set on its nationally stand—
`ardized code points but is extended to the multilingual
`character
`set
`for
`the national
`languages of some
`European countries.
`
`coupler (1) In a document copying machine, a chem—
`ical compound that reacts with another compound to
`form a dye. (T)
`(2) A device that connects
`a
`modem to a telephone network. See acoustic coupler.
`(3) In an ESCON environment, link hardware used to
`join identical optical fiber connector types. Contrast
`with adapter.
`
`coupling loss In fiber optics, the power loss suffered
`when coupling light
`from one optical device to
`another. (E)
`See also gap loss.
`
`courseware In computer-assisted education, a com—
`plete set of materials necessary to take a course, such
`as videodiscs, computer software, and any other mate—
`rials, including workbooks, charts, diskettes, etc.
`
`that
`covert channel In computer security, a channel
`allows a process to transfer information in a manner
`that violates the security policy of a system.
`
`(2) VM/XA
`program.
`CP (1) VM/37O control
`migration aid control program.
`(3) Control point.
`
`CPAR Customer problem analysis and resolution. A
`process by which a customer identifies the cause of a
`problem and the maintenance necessary to fix the
`problem. A CPAR can result in an APAR.
`
`CPB Collection point block.
`
`CP capabilities The level of network services pro—
`vided by the control point (CP) in an APPN end node
`or network node.
`CP capabilities
`information is
`|PR2017-01819
`NVIDIA v. Polaris
`Polaris Ex. 2002
`
`
`
`
`
`IPR2017-01819
`NVIDIA v. Polaris
`Polaris Ex. 2002
`
`