`
`
`
`
`
`McGraw-Hill
`
`
`
`Dictionary of
`o m p uti n g 8:
`o m u n icat i o n S
`
`
`
`McGraw-Hill
`
`New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid
`Mexico City Milan New Delhi
`San Juan
`Seoul
`Singapore
`Sydney Toronto
`
`1
`
`NVIDIA1011
`
`1
`
`NVIDIA 1011
`
`

`

`Prefa
`Staff
`How
`Field
`Pronl
`A-Z 1
`
`Apps
`
`3 7g _ be’MchaWEHiIICérnpgzhigg
`'
`
`Materials in this dictionary are derived from the McGRAW—I-IILL DICTIONARY
`
`OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TERMS, Sixth Edition, copyright © 2003 by
`The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
`
`MCGRAW—l-IILL DICTIONARY OF COMPUTING (9 COMMUNICATIONS, copyright
`© 2003 by The McGraw—Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in
`the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States
`Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or
`distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval
`system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
`
`1234567890
`
`DOC/DOC
`
`09876543
`
`ISBN 0—07—l42l78~5
`
`
`
`This book is printed on recycled, acid~free paper containing a
`minimum of 50% recycled, de-inked fiber.
`
`This book was set in l-lelvetica Bold and Novarese Book by TechBooks, Fairfax,
`Virginia. It was printed and bound by RR Donnelley, The Lakeside Press.
`
`McGraw~Hill books are available at special quantity discounts to use as premi—
`ums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For
`more information, please write to the Director of Special Sales, Professional
`Publishing, McGraw~Hill, Two Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121-2298. Or contact
`your local bookstore.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-ind’ublication Data
`
`McGraw~l—iill dictionary of computing and communications/McGraw~l—Iill.
`p.
`cm.
`ISBN 0—07—1421785
`
`I. Computer science~~Dictionaries
`
`2. Telecommunication—Dictionaries.
`
`3. Engineering—Dictionaries.
`
`I. The McGraw~HiIl Companies, Inc.
`
`OA76. I 5D52634
`
`2003
`
`004'.03——dc2l
`
`200305l209
`
`
`
`
`
`2
`
`

`

`“Tm”,WW,
`
`
`
`{
`
`.kar-a'la-
`
`See correlator.
`
`{ .kar-
`
`{
`
`,kar-a'sp‘anr
`
`many iammers may be obtained.
`shan do’rekshcn .f‘rnd‘or]
`correlation distance
`[COMMUN] In tropospheric
`scatter propagation, the minimum spatial sep—
`aration between antennas which will give rise
`to independent fading of the received signals.
`{.k‘ar-o'la-shon .distans]
`correlation tracking system ]ENC] A trajectory—
`measuring system utilizing correlation tech-
`niques where signals derived from the same
`source are correlated to derive the phase clif—
`fer'ence between the signals.
`]
`,k‘ar-a'latshon
`’trak-ir] lsis~tam ]
`correlation-type receiver
`a'la-shan .tip ri'séyar}
`correlator
`[ELECTR] A device that detects weak
`signals in noise by performing an electronic
`operation approximating the computation of a
`correlation function. Also known as correlation-
`type receiver,
`{ ‘kar-oJad-ar]
`correspondence See
`relation.
`dons]
`letter—quality
`See
`printer
`correspondence
`printer.
`{ lkaro'span-dans lprint-or]
`[ELEC’I'RO—
`corrugated conical-horn antenna
`MAG] A horn antenna that has a circular cross
`section and a series of equally spaced ridges pro-
`truding from otherwise straight sides.
`] {karo
`.gad-ad .kanra-kol ,hOrn an‘ten-a}
`corrupt
`[COMPUT SCI] To destroy or alter infor-
`mation sothatitis nolonger reliable.
`] <0‘ropt]
`cosecant antenna
`lELECTROMAG]An antenna
`that gives a beam whose amplitude varies as
`the cosecant of the angle of depression below
`the horizontal; used in navigation radar.
`( k6
`'sé.kant an'ten-o]
`[ELECTROMAG] An
`cosecant—squared antenna
`antenna that has a cosecant-squared pattern.
`{k6'sé.kant :skwerd an‘ten-a]
`]ELEC’I‘ROMAG] A
`cosecant—squared
`pattern
`ground radar-antenna radiation pattern that
`sends less power to nearby objects than to
`those farther away in the same sector; the field
`intensity varies as the square of the cosecant
`of the elevation angle.
`] ko'se.kant
`:skwerd
`‘pad‘arn ]
`[COMMUNI Radio static caused by
`cosmic noise
`a phenomenon outside the earth's atmosphere,
`such as sunspots.
`('kazmik ‘nOiz]
`cost function
`[SYS ENG] In decision theory, a
`loss function which does not depend upon the
`decision rule.
`{'kost .fegk-shan ]
`count cycle
`[COMPUT SCIlAn increase or de—
`crease ofthe cycleindex by unityorbyan arbitrary
`integer.
`{'kaL'Int Isi»l<al }
`the num-
`countdown
`]COMMUN]The ratio of
`ber of
`interrogation pulses not answered by
`a transponder to the total number received.
`{‘l<atint,daun}
`counter
`[COMPUT SCI] 1. A register or storage
`location used to represent the number of occur—
`rences of an event.
`2. See accumulator; scaler.
`{ 'kauntvar ]
`countercircuit
`,sor~kot}
`
`See counting circuit.
`
`{'kat'Int-or
`
`79
`
`COZI
`
`{‘kaunt-ar
`
`antenna
`another.
`
`[COMPUT SCI] The technique
`counter coupling
`of combining two or more counters into one
`counter of larger capacity in electromechani~
`cal devices by means of control panel wiring.
`{‘kauntar lkop-lin]
`counter decade
`See decade scaler.
`.del<.éd }
`[COMPUT SCI] A sequen-
`counter-free machine
`tial machine that cannot count modulo any
`integer greaterthan I.
`{'kauntcr .fre mo'slren}
`counting circuit
`[F.LECTR] A circuit that counts
`pulses by frequency—dividing techniques,
`by
`charging a capacitor in such a way as to produce
`a voltage proportional
`to the pulse count, or
`by other means. Also known as counter circuit.
`{‘lcaunt‘irj ,sar-kot}
`See frequency divider.
`counting-down circuit
`{‘katmtrin .dat‘rn .sor-kot]
`coupled antenna
`[ELECTROMAG] An
`electromagnetically
`coupled
`to
`{'ltopvold an'ten-o]
`[COMPUT SCI] Computer sys—
`coupled systems
`tems that share equipment and can exchange
`information.
`{
`'kop-old 'sis~tamz]
`coupler
`lELEC'l‘ROMAG] 1.Apassagewhichioins
`two cavities or waveguides, allowing them to
`exchange energy.
`2. A passage which joins the
`ends of two waveguides, whose cross section
`changes continuously from that of one to that
`of the other.
`[NAV] The portion of a navigation
`system that receives signals of one type from a
`sensor and transmits signals ofa diflerent type
`to an actuator.
`]‘kop-lor]
`coupling aperture
`]EI.I?.CTROIVIAG]An aperture
`in the wall of a waveguide or cavity resonator,
`designed to transfer energy to or from an external
`circuit. Also known as coupling hole; coupling
`slot.
`{'kop-lin iap-a-chor]
`couplinghole
`Seecouplingaperture.
`l
`hol ]
`[ELECTROMAGIA conducting
`loop
`coupling
`loop projecting into a waveguide or cavity
`resonator. designed to transfer energy to or from
`an external circuit.
`(’kop‘lin .liip}
`coupling probe
`]ELECTROMAG| Aprobe project—
`ing into a waveguide or cavity resonator, de-
`signed to transfer energy to or from an external
`circuit.
`{'kap'lil] .prob]
`coupling slot
`Sea coupling aperture.
`lsla't ]
`[COMPUT SCI] Computer programs
`courseware
`designed to be used in computer-aided instruc—
`tion or computer—managed instruction.
`] ‘kors
`]wer ]
`[COMMUN] Sea service area. [ELECTRO-
`coverage
`MAG] A spatial account of the regions of useful
`sensitivity in a radar‘s surroundings that can be
`affected, for example, by multipath propagation
`or by obscuring terrain.
`{'kavrii]
`COZI
`lCOMMUNI An ionospheric sounding sys~
`tem for determining propagation characteristics
`oftheionosphereatvarious anglesatanyinstant;
`used to determine how well long-distance, high~
`frequency broadcasts are reaching their intended
`
`{'kapvlin
`
`{'kap-lig
`
`EiPUT SCI] A control
`grain memory of a
`; vise the processing
`Err-re .rez~a-dont]
`SCl] Direct—access
`
`I arge number
`of
`g‘es arranged on a
`gribit. and set wires
`;rdividual cores in a
`; )vide fixed storage
`stores one or more
`4
`just a single bit
`
`mputer program
`tored in a com—
`
`th‘ programs.
`{ko
` , The main memory
`
`{etic core storage.
`
`the
`departure of
`fi band-pass filter
`rape, so that the
`
`i ounded.
`[ENG]
`of an ultrasonic
`‘:3 the intersection
`:or-nor i’iekt]
`iequency.
`]
`
`'kOr-
`
`I An antenna con—
`
`} es intersecting at
`a dipole orother
`
`I; or of the angle,
`
`{gram module for
`activation record
`E 3n control enters
`’lch the activation
`
`uction counter
`
`rs the module]
`gvhere it stopped
`:ular instance of
`
`33 time required
`
`"each and stay
`{)out the control
`; he independent
`i in a control sys-
`'
`{ ka‘relcshan
`
`
`
`‘ SCI] Themain~
`;
`gird, on an un—
`
`: ctor following
`_.
`remedialrnain—
`its}
`Tnethod of de-
`f
`cles in which
`0 point, with
`e. Also known
`]
`.lcéiruo‘la-shan
`
`
`
`
`
`£3] Satellite sta—
`ilcelve jamming
`?
`; received from
`rd azimuth of
`
`3
`
`