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`GOOGLE EXHIBIT 1023
`
`

`

`Microsoft”
`
`
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`Page 2 of 8
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`Page 2 of 8
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`

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`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
`
`Copyright © 1999 by Microsoft Corporation
`
`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
`or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary. -- 4th ed.
`p. em.
`Previous eds. published under title: Microsoft Press computer
`dictionary
`ISBN 0-7356-0615-3
`1. Computers Dictionaries. 2. Microcomputers Dictionaries.
`I. Microsoft Press computer dictionary.
`QA76.15.M538 1999
`004'.03--dc21
`
`99-20168
`CIP
`
`Printed and bound in the United States of America.
`
`3456789 MLML 43210
`
`Distributed in Canada by Penguin Books Canada Limited.
`
`A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
`
`Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. For further information
`about international editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation office or contact Microsoft Press
`International directly at fax (425) 936-7329. Visit our Web site at mspress.microsoft.com.
`
`Macintosh, Power Macintosh, QuickTime, and TrueType fonts are registered trademarks of Apple Computer,
`Inc. Kodak is a registered trademark of the Eastman Kodak Company. Intel is a registered trademark and Indeo
`is a trademark of Intel Corporation. Active Desktop, Active Directory, ActiveMovie, Active Platform, ActiveX,
`Authenticode, BackOffice, Directlnput, DirectX, Microsoft, Microsoft Press, MS-DOS, MSN, NetMeeting,
`NetShow, Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual J++, WebTV, WebTV Network, Win32, Win32s, Windows,
`Windows NT, and XENIX are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the
`United States and/or other countries. PANTONE is a registered trademark of Pantone, Inc. Other product and
`company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
`
`The example companies, organizations, products, people, and events depicted herein are fictitious. No associa(cid:173)
`tion with any real company, organization, product, person, or event is intended or should be inferred.
`
`Acquisitions Editor: Christey Bahn
`Project Editor: Kim Fryer
`
`Page 3 of 8
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`

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`CONTRIBUTORS
`
`JoAnne Woodcock
`Senior Contributor
`
`Peter Aiken
`
`Thomas P. Magliery
`
`Janice Borzendowski
`
`David Mason
`
`Jerome Colburn
`
`Andrew Himes
`
`Robert Howecton
`
`Annette B. Jackson
`
`Larry S. Jackson
`
`Thomas A. Jackson
`
`Chris Kinata
`
`Ilana Kingsley
`
`Thomas A. Long
`
`William G. Madison
`
`Terrence M. McLaren
`
`Wallace Parker
`
`Charles Petzold
`
`Phil Rose
`
`John Ross
`
`David Rygmyr
`
`Michael Vose
`
`Bruce Webster
`
`Judson D. Weeks
`
`Illustrators
`
`Rob Nance
`
`Joel Panchot
`
`Travis Beaven
`
`Alton Lawson
`
`David Holter
`
`Page 4 of 8
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`

`

`Introduction
`vii
`
`Dictionary
`of Computer Terms
`1
`
`Appendix A
`ASCII Character Set
`494
`
`Appendix B
`IBM Extended Character Set
`496
`
`Appendix C
`Apple Macintosh Extended Character Set
`498
`
`Appendix D
`EBCDIC Character Set
`502
`
`Appendix E
`Numeric Equivalents
`509
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`Page 5 of 8
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`

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`Table of Contents
`
`Appendix F
`Internet Domains
`517
`
`Appendix G
`Common File Extensions
`527
`
`Appendix H
`Year 2000 Problem Reference
`536
`
`vl
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`

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`PCL
`
`PDS
`
`currently with the CPU using a technique called bus
`mastering. The PCI specification allows for multi(cid:173)
`plexing, a technique that permits more than one elec(cid:173)
`trical signal to be present on the bus at one time. See
`also local bus. Compare VL bus.
`PCL n. See Printer Control Language.
`PCM n. See pulse code modulation.
`PCMCIA n. Acronym for Personal Computer
`Memory Card International Association. A group of
`manufacturers and vendors formed to promote a
`common standard for PC Card-based peripherals and
`the slot designed to hold them, primarily on laptop,
`palmtop, and other portable computers, as well as for
`intelligent electronic devices. PCMCIA is also the
`name of the standard for PC Cards, first introduced
`in 1990 as release 1. See also PC Card, PCMCIA slot.
`PCMCIA card n. See PC Card.
`PCMCIA connector n. The 68-pin female connector
`inside a PCMCIA slot designed to hold the 68-pin
`male connector on a PC Card. See also PC Card,
`PCMCIA slot.
`PCMCIA slot n. An opening in the housing of a com(cid:173)
`puter, peripheral, or other intelligent electronic de(cid:173)
`vice designed to hold a PC Card. Also called PC
`Card slot. See also PC Card, PCMCIA connector.
`PC memory card n. 1. An add-in circuit card that
`increases the amount of RAM in a system. See also
`memory card. 2. A TYpe I PC Card as specified by
`PCMCIA. In this context, such a card consists of
`conventional static RAM chips powered by a small
`battery and is designed to provide additional RAM to
`the system. See also PC Card. Compare flash
`memory.
`p-code n. See pseudocode.
`PCS n. See Personal Communications Services.
`PCT n. 1. Acronym for program comprehension tool.
`A software engineering tool that facilitates the pro(cid:173)
`cess of understanding the structure and/or functional(cid:173)
`ity of computer programs. 2. Acronym for Private
`Communication Technology, a protocol standard
`drafted by Microsoft and submitted to the IETF for
`consideration. PCT, like the Netscape-designed SSL
`(Secure Sockets Layer), supports authentication and
`encryption for securing privacy in Internet communi(cid:173)
`cations.
`.pcx n. The file extension that identifies bitmapped
`images in the PC Paintbrush file format.
`
`PC/XT n. The second-generation of the original IBM
`Personal Computer. The IDM PC/XT was introduced
`in 1983 and was the first of the PC computers to sup(cid:173)
`port hard disks. See also IDM PC.
`PC/XT keyboard n. The keyboard for the PC/XT.
`Strong, reliable, and equipped with 83 keys, the
`PC/XT keyboard offers a typist an audible click.
`See also IDM PC, PC/XT.
`PDA n. Acronym for Personal Digital Assistant. A
`lightweight palmtop computer designed to provide
`specific functions for personal organization (calen(cid:173)
`dar, note taking, database, calculator, and so on) as
`well as communications. More advanced models also
`offer multimedia features. Many PDA devices rely on
`a pen or other pointing device for input instead of a
`keyboard or mouse, although some offer a keyboard
`too small for touch typing to use in conjunction with
`a pen or pointing device. For data storage, a PDA
`relies on flash memory instead of power-hungry disk
`drives. See also firmware, flash memory, PC Card,
`pen computer.
`PDC n. See Primary Domain Controller.
`PD-CD drive n. Short for phase change rewritable
`disc-compact disc drive. A storage device that com(cid:173)
`bines a CD-ROM drive and a phase change rewritable
`disc (PD) drive, which can store up to 650 megabytes
`of data on cartridges of rewritable optical discs. See
`also phase-change recording.
`PDD n. Acronym for Portable Digital Document. A
`graphics file created from a document by QuickDraw
`GX under Mac OS. PDDs are stored in a form that is
`independent of printer resolution; they print at the
`highest resolution available on the printer used; and
`they can contain the original fonts used in the docu(cid:173)
`ment. Therefore, a PDD can be printed by a com(cid:173)
`puter other than the one on which it was created .
`. pdf n. The file extension that identifies documents
`encoded in the Portable Document Format developed
`by Adobe Systems. In order to display or print a .pdf
`file, the user should obtain the freeware Adobe Acro(cid:173)
`bat Reader. See also Acrobat, Portable Document
`Format.
`PDL n. See page-description language.
`PDM n. See pulse duration modulation.
`PDO n. See Portable Distributed Objects.
`PDS n. 1. Acronym for Processor Direct Slot. An ex(cid:173)
`pansion slot in Macintosh computers that is con-
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`

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`persistent link
`
`phase encoding
`
`persistent link n. See hot link (definition 1).
`persistent storage n. Memory that remains intact
`when the power to a device is turned off, such as
`ROM. See also memory.
`Personal Communications Services n. Term used by
`the United States Federal Communications Commis(cid:173)
`sion (FCC) to cover a range of wireless, all-digital
`communications technologies and services, including
`cordless phones, voice mail, paging, faxing, and per(cid:173)
`sonal digital assistants (PDAs). Personal Communi(cid:173)
`cations Services, or PCS, is divided into narrowband
`and broadband categories. Narrowband, which oper(cid:173)
`ates in the 900 MHz band of frequencies, provides
`paging, data messaging, faxing, and one- and two(cid:173)
`way electronic messaging capabilities. Broadband,
`which operates in the 1850 MHz to 1990 MHz range
`and is considered the next-generation PCS, enables
`two-way voice, data, and video communications. The
`cellular phone technologies known as GSM (Global
`System for Mobile Communications), CDMA (Code
`Division Multiple Access), and TDMA (Time Divi(cid:173)
`sion Multiple Access) are included in the PCS cat(cid:173)
`egory. Acronym: PCS. Compare Code Division
`Multiple Access, Global Systems for Mobile Com(cid:173)
`munications, Time Division Multiple Access.
`personal computer n. A computer designed for use
`by one person at a time. Personal computers do not
`need to share the processing, disk, and printer re(cid:173)
`sources of another computer. IBM PC-compatible
`computers and Macintoshes are both examples of
`personal computers. Acronym: PC.
`Personal Computer n. See IBM PC.
`Personal Computer Memory Card International
`Association n. See PCMCIA.
`personal digital assistant n. See PDA.
`personal finance manager n. A software application
`designed to assist the user in performing simple fi(cid:173)
`nancial accounting tasks, such as balancing check(cid:173)
`books and paying bills.
`personal information manager n. See PIM.
`perspective view n. In computer graphics, a display
`method that shows objects in three dimensions
`(height, width, and depth), with the depth aspect ren(cid:173)
`dered according to the desired perspective. An advan(cid:173)
`tage of perspective view is that it presents a more
`accurate representation of what the human eye per(cid:173)
`ceives. Compare isometric view.
`
`)
`
`). In
`peta- prefix Denotes 1 quadrillion (10 15
`computing, which is based on the binary (base-2)
`numbering system, peta- has a literal value of
`1, 125,899,906,842,624, which is the power of 2 (250
`closest to 1 quadrillion. Abbreviation: P.
`petabyte \pet' g-bif\ n. Either 1 quadrillion bytes or
`1,125,899,906,842,624 bytes. Abbreviation: PB.
`PGA n. See pin grid array, Professional Graphics
`Adapter.
`PgDn key n. See Page Down key.
`PGP n. Acronym for Pretty Good Privacy. A program
`for public key encryption, using the RSA algorithm,
`developed by Philip Zimmermann. PGP software is
`available in unsupported free versions and supported
`commercial versions. See also privacy, public key
`encryption, RSA encryption.
`PgUp key n. See Page Up key.
`phase n. A relative measurement that describes the
`temporal relationship between two signals that have
`the same frequency. Phase is measured in degrees,
`with one full oscillation cycle having 360 degrees.
`The phase of one signal can lead or follow the other
`by 0 through 180 degrees. See the illustration.
`
`Signal
`
`Q)
`"0
`::I
`:!:::
`15..
`E
`<(
`
`, , .. '
`'
`
`Signal
`
`/2
`
`\
`
`I
`
`' \
`
`Time
`
`1+---a --.-1
`Phase. The ratio of a to b is the phase difference, expressed
`in degrees.
`
`phase-change recording n. In optical media, a re(cid:173)
`cording technique that uses a laser beam focused on
`a microscopic portion of metallic crystal to alter the
`reflectiveness of its structure in such a way that the
`change can be read as a 0 bit or 1 bit, depending on
`whether the resulting structure reflects or absorbs the
`laser light. See also PD-CD drive.
`phase encoding n. 1. The process of placing digital
`information on an analog carrier wave while periodi-
`
`339
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`Page 8 of 8
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