`
`(COMPUTER
`DICTIONARY
`
`SECOND
`
`EDITION
`
`"THE COMPREHENSIVE
`
`STANDARD FOR
`
`BUSINESS, SCHOOL,™s:%°
`LIBRARY, AND HOME
`
`STACKS
`
`. MEMORIAL LIBRARY
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`ia
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`OLYMPUS EX.1013 - 1/4
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`OLYMPUS EX. 1013 - 1/4
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`
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`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
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`RIVE]viK
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`aneNPTENOen
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`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`OneMicrosoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
`J Brak?
`Copyright © 1994 by Microsoft Press
`All rights reserved. Nopart of the contents of this book may be reproduced or
`transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
`
`D2
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`Microsoft Press computer dictionary : the comprehensive standard for
`business, school, library, and home / Microsoft Press. -- 2nd ed.
`p.
`cm.
`ISBN 1-55615-597-2
`2. Microcomputers--Dictionaries.
`1, Computers--Dictionaries.
`I. Microsoft Press.
`II. Title: Computerdictionary.
`QA76.15.M54_
`1993
`004'.03--de20
`
`93-29868
`CIP
`
`Printed and boundin the United States of America.
`
`23456789 MLML 987654
`
`Distributed to the book trade in Canada by Macmillan of Canada, a division of Canada
`Publishing Corporation.
`
`Distributed to the booktrade outside the United States and Canada by
`Penguin Books Ltd.
`
`Penguin Books Ltd., Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England
`Penguin Books Australia Ltd., Ringwood, Victoria, Australia
`Penguin Books N.Z. Ltd., 182-190 Wairau Road, Auckland 10, New Zealand
`
`British Cataloging-in-Publication Data available.
`
`Project Editor: Casey D. Doyle
`Manuscript Editor: Alice Copp Smith
`Technical Editors: Mary DeJong,Jeff Carey, Dail Magee, Jr., Jim Fuchs, Seth McEvoy
`
`
`
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`OLYMPUS EX.1013 - 2/4
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`OLYMPUS EX. 1013 - 2/4
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`digital signal processor
`
` digital audio tape
`
`ber of bits used. Compare analog,see also digital-
`to-analog converter.
`digital audio tape Abbreviated DAT. A magnetic
`tape storage medium for recording digitally en-
`coded audio information.
`digital camera A type of camera that uses either
`the body and lens of a conventional camera (such
`as a 35mm or larger camera) or a proprietary
`body and lens and that stores the photographed
`image electronically instead of on traditionalfilm,
`A digital camera uses a CCD (charge-coupled de-
`vice) element to capture the image through the
`lens when the operatorreleases the shutter in the.
`camera; circuitry within.the camera then stores
`the image captured by the CCD ina storage medi-
`um such as solid-state memory or a harddisk, Af-
`ter the image has been captured, most digital
`camera systems require that the camera be con-
`nected to a computer by a cable and the image
`downloaded to the computer using software sup-
`plied with the camera. Once stored in the com-
`puter,
`the image can be manipulated and
`processed muchlike the image from a scanner oF
`related input device.
`digital communications Exchange of communi-
`cations in which all information is transmitted in
`binary-encoded (digital) form.
`digital computer The type of electronic device
`considered a computer by most people. A digital
`computer is one in which operations are based
`on two or more discrete states. Binary digital
`computers are based on two states, logical ON
`and OFF, represented by two voltage levels, ar-
`rangements of which are used to represent all
`types of information—noumbers,letters, graphics
`symbols, and program instructions. Within such a
`‘ computer,
`the. states of various circuit compo-
`nents change continuously to move, operate on,
`and save this
`information, Compare analog
`computer.
`digital data transmission The transfer of infor-
`mation encocled as a series ofbits rather than as a
`fluctuating (analog) signal in a communications
`channel.
`digital display. A video display capable of ren-
`dering only a fixed number of colors or gray
`ee
`121
`
`shades. Examples of digital displays include
`IBM's MonochromeDisplay, Color/Graphics Dis-
`play, and Enhanced Color Display. Compare ana-
`log display.
`,
`digital line A communications line that carries in-
`formation only in binary-encoded (digital) form,
`To minimize distortion and noise interference, a
`digital line uses repeatersto regenerate the signal
`periodically during transmission, Compare ana-
`log line.
`digital photography The use of a digital camera
`to photographan object. Digital photographydif-
`fers from conventional photography in that a
`digital camera does not use a silver halide-based
`film to capture an image. Instead, a digital camera
`captures and stores each image electronically,
`bypassing conventional photography require-
`ments such asfilm and developing. See also digi-
`tal camera.
`.
`digital proof See direct digital color proof.
`digital recording The storage of information in
`’ binary-encoded (digital) format. Digital record-
`ing involves the conversion of information—text,
`graphics, sound,or pictures—to strings of i's and
`0’s that can be physically represented on a storage
`medium. In a computer, for example, a magnetic
`disk drive converts electric pulses representing
`1’s and 0’s to magnetic flux changes in which
`magnetic particles on a disk are oriented in one
`of two possible directions. Taken together, the
`alignmentsof all the particles on the disk repre-
`sent digitally recorded information. Digital re-
`cording media include computer disks and tapes,
`optical (or compact) discs, and ROM cartridges of
`the type used for-some software and many com-
`puter games.
`digital signal A signal, such as one transmitted
`within or between computers, in which informa-
`tion is represented by discrete states—for ex-
`ample, high voltages and low voltages—rather
`than by continuously variable levels in a continu-
`ous stream, as in an analogsignal.
`digital signal processor Abbreviated DSP. An
`integrated circuit designed for high-speed data
`manipulations, used in audio, communications,
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`OLYMPUS EX.1013 - 3/4
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`OLYMPUS EX. 1013 - 3/4
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`
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`a
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`digital sort
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`
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`modeled object—for example, using lines, 3
`rows, and text(that is, measurements) to indica
`the length, height, and thickness of walls "
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`DIN connector A multipin connector conform
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`to the specification of the German national sta
`dards organization (Deutsch Industrie Noi
`
`See the illustration. An 8-pin DIN connectogff
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`used as the serial port connector on the Mag
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`tosh Plus, Macintosh SE, and Macintosh [[.:%
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`most IBM desktop PCs prior to the PS/2,
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`DIN connectorsare used to connect keyboardéig
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`the system unit. On IBM PS/2’s, 6-pin DW ¢gn
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`nectors are used to connect the keyboard andify
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`pointing device,
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`4
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`modeled room or house.
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`:
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`image manipulation, and other data-acquisition
`and data-control applications.
`digital sort Also called radix sort. A type of or-
`dering process in which record numbers or their
`key values are sorted digit by digit, beginning
`with the least significant Gightmost) digit in each.
`digital speech See speech synthesis.
`digital-to-analog converter A device that trans-
`lates digital data to an analog signal. An analog
`signal consists of a voltage or current that varies
`continuously within a range of values, whereas a
`signal represented as digital information consists
`of discrete numeric values in binary patterns of
`0’s and 1’s, A digital-to-analog converter takes a
`succession ofdiscrete digital values as input and
`creates an analog signal whose amplitude corre-
`sponds, moment by moment,
`to each digital
`value. See theillustration. Compact disc players
`use a digital-to-analog converter to change the
`digital data read from the disc into the analog sig-
`nal that is heard as music, Compare analog-to-
`
`
`digital converter.
`
`
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`DIN connector,
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`
`
`dingbat A small graphical element used for da
`rative purposes in a document. Somefontsifgy
`
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`as Zapf Dingbats, are designed to present scum
`dingbats. Thefirst line of the illustration shy
`
`the symbol equivalents of the lowercase alpha
`in the Zapf Dingbats font, and the second
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`shows those of the uppercase letters. CY rid
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`bullet.
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`SGeREE FOOMOOOIAV+
`
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`Bapoedeedeededhte BrOrcHiaARKKE
`4
`Dingbat.
`,
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`Characters from the ZapfDingbatsfont.
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`diode A device that passes current in onlyoq
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`rection. See the illustration. A diode is
`USUm
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`semiconductor. See aiso semiconductor.
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`diode-transistor logic Abbreviated DTI
`of circuit design that employs diodes, wag z
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`and resistors to perform logic functions:
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`DIP Acronym for dualin-line package. AlstM
`for packaging integrated circuits,
`in Wg 7
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`4
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`i
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`i
`ian
`Y
`a
`vt
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`Analog
`Digital
`output
`.
`input
`
`
`Digital-to-analog converter.
`
`digital video-interactive See DV-L.
`digitize To convert any continuously varying
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`source of input, such as the lines in a drawing or
`
`a sound signal, into a series of discrete units rep-
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`resented Gin a computer) by the binary digits 0
`
`
`and 1. A drawing or photograph, for example,
`can be digitized by a scanner that converts lines
`
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`and shading to combinations of 0's and 1’s by
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`sensing different
`intensities of light and dark.
`
`Analog-to-digital converters are commonly used to
`perform this translation, See also aliasing, analog-
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`to-digital converter.
`digitizing tablet See graphics tablet.
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`dimensioning In CAD programs, a means of
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`specifying and possibly controlling the measure-
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`ments and spatial relationships of elements in a
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`OLYMPUS EX. 1013 - 4/4
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`OLYMPUS EX. 1013 - 4/4
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