MICROSOFT PRESS®
`
`COMPUTER
`DICTIONARY
`
`SECOND
`
`EDITION
`
`THE COMPREHENSIVE
`
`STANDARD FOR
`
`BUSINESS, SCHOOLifiAggfiIERED
`
`SSSS KS
`
`LIBRARY, AND HOME
`
`
`
`OLYMPUS EX. 1013 -1I4
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`OLYMPUS EX. 1013 - 1/4
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`Copyright © 1994 by Microsoft Press
`
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`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
`
`All rights reserved, No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or
`transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of the publisher,
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-ianublication Data
`
`Microsoft Press computer dictionary : the comprehensive standard for
`business, school, library, and home / Microsoft Press. -- 2nd ed,
`p.
`cm.
`ISBN 1-55615-597—2
`2. Microcomputers--Dictionaries.
`1, Computers--Dictionaries.
`1. Microsoft Press.
`11. Title: Computer dictionary.
`QA76.15.M54
`1993
`004'.05-—dc20
`
`93-29868
`CIP
`
`Printed and bound in the United States of America.
`
`23456789 MLML 987654
`
`Distributed to the book trade in Canada by Macmillan of Canada, a division of Canada
`Publishing Corporation.
`
`Distributed to the book trade outside the United States and Canada by
`Penguin Books Ltd.
`
`Penguin Books Ltd., Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England
`Penguin Books Australia Ltd., Ringwood, Victoria, Australia
`Penguin Books NZ. Ltd, 182-190 Wairau Road, Auckland 10, New Zealand
`
`British CatalOging~iniPublicati0n Data available,
`
`Project Editor: Casey D. Doyle
`Manuscript Editor: Alice Copp Smith
`Technical Editors: Mary DeJong, Jeff Carey, Dail Magee,jr.,Jim Fuchs, Seth McEvoy
`
`
`
`OLYMPUS EX. 1013 - 2/4
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`
`
`digital audio tape
`
`
`digital signal processor
`
`ber of bits used. compare analog; see also digital—
`to-‘analog converter.
`digital audio tape Abbreviated DAT. A magnetic
`tape storage medium for recording digitally en-
`coded audio information.
`digital camera A type of camera that uses either
`the body and lens of a conventional camera (such
`. as a 55mm or larger camera) or a proprietary
`body and lens and that stores the photographed
`image electronically instead of on traditional film.
`A digital camera uses a CCD (charge—coupled de-'
`vice) element to capture the image through the
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`_________________’_.————————'——
`121
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`
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`shades. Examples of digital displays include
`IBM's Monochrome Display, Color/Graphics Dis-
`play, and Enhanced Color Display. Compare ana-
`log display.
`'
`digital line A communications line that carries in-
`formation only in binary-encoded (digital) form.
`To minimize distortion and noise interference, a
`digital line uses repeaters to regenerate the signal
`periodically during transmission. Compare ana-
`log line.
`digital photography The Use of a digital camera
`to photograph an object. Digital photography dif—I
`fers from conventional photography in that a
`digital camera does not use a silver halide—based
`film to capture an image. Instead, a digital camera
`captures and stores each image electronically,
`bypassing conventional photography require—
`ments such as film and developing. See also digi-
`tal camera.
`.
`‘
`»
`digital proof See direct digital color proof.
`digital recording The storage of information in
`' binary-encoded (digital) format. Digital record-
`ing involves the conversion of information—text,
`graphics, sound, or pictures—to strings of 1's and
`0’s that can be physically represented on a storage
`medium. In a computer, for example, a magnetic
`disk drive converts electric pulses representing
`1’s and 0's to magnetic flux changes in which
`magnetic particles on a disk are oriented in one
`of two possible directions. Taken together, the
`alignments of all the particles on the disk repre-
`sent digitally recorded information. Digital re-
`cording media include computer disks and tapes,
`optical (or compact) discs, and ROM cartridges of
`the type used for-some software and many com-
`puter games. ‘
`digital signal A signal, such as one transmitted
`within or between computers, in which informa—
`tion is represented by discrete states—for ex-
`ample, high voltages and low voltages—rather
`than by continuously variable levels in a continu-
`ous stream, as in an analog signal.
`digital signal processor Abbreviated DSP. An
`integrated circuit designed for high—speed data
`manipulations, used in audio, communications,
`
` lens when the operator releases the shutter in the-
`
`camera; circuitry withinthe camera then stores
`the image captured by the CCD in a storage medi—
`um such as solid—state memory or a hard disk. Af-
`ter the' image has been captured, most digital
`camera systems require that the camera be con-
`nected to _a computer by a cable and the image
`downloaded to the computer using software sup-
`plied with the camera. Once stored in the com-
`puter,
`the image can be manipulated and
`processed much like the image from a scanner or
`related input device.
`digital communications Exchange of communi—
`cations in which all information is transmitted in
`binary—encoded (digital) form.
`digital computer The type of electronic device
`considered a computer by most people. A digital
`computer is one in which operations are based
`on two or more discrete states. Binary digital
`computers are based on two states, logical ON
`and OFF, represented by two voltage levels, ar—
`rangements of which are used to represent all
`types of information—numbers, letters, graphics
`symbols, and program instructions. Within such a
`‘ computer,
`the- states of various circuit compo-
`nents change continuously to move, operate on,
`and save this
`information. Compare analog
`computer.
`digital data transmission The transfer of infor-
`mation encoded as a series of bits rather than as a
`fluctuating (analog) signal in a communications
`channel.
`digital display. A video display capable of ren—
`dering only a fixed number of colors or gray
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`OLYMPUS EX. 1013 - 3/4
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`5%
`modeled object—for example, ,using lines,
`rows, and text (that is, measurements) to indicafi
`
`modeled room or house.
`
`'
`
`.
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`digital sort
`
`Digital
`input
`
`Analog
`output
`
`Digiial—to-analog converter:
`digital video-interactive See DV—I.
`digitize To convert any continuously varying
`source of input, such as the lines in a drawing or
`a sound signal, into a series of discrete units rep-
`resented (in a computer) by the binary digits 0
`and 1. A drawing or photograph, for example,
`can be digitized by a scanner that converts lines
`and shading to combinations of 0’s and 1‘s by
`sensing different
`intensities of light and dark.
`Analog—to~digital converters are commonly used to
`perform this translation. See also aliasing, analog—
`to-digital converter.
`-
`digitizing tablet See graphics tablet.
`dimensioning In CAD programs, a means of
`specifying and possibly controlling the measure-
`ments and spatial relationships of elements in a
`
`
`
`
`image manipulation, and other data-acquisition
`and data-control applications.
`digital sort Also called radix sort. A type of or—
`dering process in which record numbers or their
`key values are sorted digit by digit, beginning
`with the least significant (rightmost) digit in each.
`digital speech See speech synthesis.
`digital-to-analog converter A device that trans-
`lates digital data to an analog signal. An analog
`signal consists of a voltage or current that varies
`continuously within a range of values, whereas a
`signal represented as digital information consists
`of discrete numeric values in binary patterns of
`0’s and 1's. A digital-to-analog converter takes a
`succession of discrete digital values as input and
`creates an analog signal whose amplitude corre-
`sponds, moment by moment,
`to each digital
`value. See the illustration. Compact disc players
`use a digital-to—analog converter to change the
`digital data read from the disc into the analog sig-
`nal that is heard as music. Compare analog—to—
`digital converter.
`
`in W- l:‘
`
`the length, height, and thickness of walls mi
`
`DIN connector A multipin connector conformfni
`to the specification of the German national at“!
`dards organization (Deutsch Industrie No .3 '
`See the illustration. An 8-pin DIN connector
`used as the serial port connector on the Mag;
`tosh Plus, Macintosh SE, and Macintosh II -
`most IBM desktop PCs prior to the PS/Z,
`DIN connectors are used to connect keyboards u,
`the system unit. On IBM PS/Z’s, 6-pin DW (5
`nectors are used to connect the keyboard and
`pointing device.
`1
`
`DIN connector.‘
`
`dingbat A small graphical element used forrdai
`rative purposes in a document. Some fonts
`as Zapf Dingbats, are designed to presents ‘
`dingbats. The first line of the illustration [5
`--
`the symbol equivalents of the lowercase a1 .14
`in the Zapf Dingbats font, and the seco ll
`shows those of the uppercase letters. Co
`bullet.
`
`99*$$$Hé$§é$é§é*OOIDDUDAVO
`
`-¢+++¢+¢*aoaataaa*aaarar
`Dingbat.
`'
`Cbaractersfrom the Zapringbats/‘ont.
`
`,
`
`diode A device that passes current in onl
`rection. See the illustration. A diode is
`.J '
`semiconductor. See also semiconductors '
`
`‘
`
`diode-transistor logic Abbreviated DTV [-3-
`of circuit design that employs diodes, tra "
`and resistors to perform logic functions:-
`DIP Acronym for dual in-line package. ill}
`for packaging integrated circuits,
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`OLYMPUS EX. 1013 - 4/4
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