`
`
`
`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`FACEBOOK, INC., WHATSAPP, INC.,
`Petitioners
`
`v.
`
`UNILOC USA, INC., UNILOC LUXEMBOURG S.A.,
`Patent Owners
`
`
`
`Patent 7,535,890
`
`Title: System and Method for Instant VoIP Messaging
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW OF
`U.S. PATENT NO. 7,535,890
`
`
`
`
`
`Mail Stop PATENT BOARD
`Patent Trial and Appeal Board
`U.S. Patent & Trademark Office
`P.O. Box 1450
`Alexandria, VA 22313-1450
`
`
`

`

`
`
`Petition for Inter Partes Review of
`U.S. Patent No. 7,535,890
`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`I. Requirements under 37 C.F.R. § 42.104 ............................................................ 1
`A.
`Identification of challenge and statement of relief requested .................... 1
`II. The ’890 Patent .................................................................................................. 3
`A. Overview .................................................................................................... 3
`B. Claims ......................................................................................................... 4
`1.
`Independent Claims ............................................................................ 4
`2. Dependent Claims ............................................................................... 6
`III. Claim construction ............................................................................................. 7
`A. POSITA ...................................................................................................... 7
`B. “External Network” .................................................................................... 7
`IV. State of the Art .................................................................................................10
`A. Storing-or-delivering an instant voice message based on recipient
`availability was well-known. .................................................................... 11
`B. Different types of networks were well-known. ........................................ 13
`C. Distributed server architecture was well-known ...................................... 15
`D. Packet-switched networks were well-known ........................................... 17
`V. Ground 1: Malik and Väänänen Render Obvious Claims 1-3, 5, 14, 15, 17, 19,
`28, 29, 31, 33, 40, 42, 51, 53, 62, and 64. ........................................................18
`A. Overview of Malik ................................................................................... 18
`B. Overview of Väänänen ............................................................................. 20
`C. KSR for the Malik-Väänänen Combination ............................................. 21
`1. Recipient Selection ...........................................................................21
`2. Transmitting Recipient Information .................................................22
`3. Same Field ........................................................................................23
`Independent Claim 1 ................................................................................. 24
`1.
`[1.P]: “An instant voice messaging system for delivering instant
`messages over a packet-switched network, the system
`comprising” .......................................................................................24
`[1.1a]: “a client connected to the network” ......................................25
`[1.1b]: “the client selecting one or more recipients” ........................25
`
`2.
`3.
`
`D.
`
`
`
`- i -
`
`

`

`
`
`4.
`5.
`
`6.
`7.
`
`8.
`
`9.
`
`Petition for Inter Partes Review of
`U.S. Patent No. 7,535,890
`a) Malik .........................................................................................25
`b) Väänänen ...................................................................................26
`c) KSR ............................................................................................26
`[1.1c]: “generating an instant voice message therefor” ....................27
`[1.1d]: “transmitting the selected recipients and the instant voice
`message therefor over the network” .................................................27
`a) Malik .........................................................................................27
`b) Väänänen ...................................................................................28
`c) KSR ............................................................................................28
`[1.2a]: “a server connected to the network” .....................................29
`[1.2b]: “the server receiving the selected recipients and the
`instant voice message therefor” ........................................................29
`[1.2c]: “delivering the instant voice message to the selected
`recipients over the network” .............................................................29
`[1.2d]: “the selected recipients enabled to audibly play the instant
`voice message” .................................................................................30
`10. [1.2e]: “the server temporarily storing the instant voice message
`if a selected recipient is unavailable and delivering the stored
`instant voice message to the selected recipient once the selected
`recipient becomes available.” ...........................................................30
`a) Malik .........................................................................................30
`b) Väänänen ...................................................................................31
`c) KSR ............................................................................................31
`E. Dependent Claims 2, 3, and 5 ................................................................... 32
`1. Dependent Claim 2: local network ...................................................32
`a) Malik .........................................................................................32
`b) Väänänen ...................................................................................32
`c) KSR ............................................................................................32
`2. Dependent Claim 3: Internet .............................................................33
`3. Dependent Claim 5: delivery to available recipient[s] .....................33
`Independent Claim 14 ............................................................................... 33
`1. Additional limitations in claim 14 ....................................................36
`
`F.
`
`
`
`- ii -
`
`

`

`
`
`a)
`b)
`c)
`
`d)
`
`Petition for Inter Partes Review of
`U.S. Patent No. 7,535,890
`[14.P]: a plurality of packet-switched networks .......................36
`[14.1a]: local network ...............................................................36
`[14.1b]: external recipients connected to an external network .36
`(1) KSR to incorporate FIG. 3’s Internet into FIG.
`2 of Malik. ......................................................................37
`[14.1d]: transmission over the local network and the external
`network .....................................................................................38
`[14.2a]: a server connected to the external network .................38
`e)
`[14.2c]: delivery over the external network ..............................38
`f)
`G. Dependent claims 15, 17, and 19 ............................................................. 39
`1. Dependent Claim 15: local server ....................................................39
`2. Dependent Claim 17: Internet ...........................................................41
`3. Dependent Claim 19: delivery to available recipient[s] ...................41
`Independent Claim 28 ............................................................................... 41
`1. Additional Limitations in Claim 28 ..................................................44
`a)
`[28.P]: a plurality of packet-switched networks .......................44
`b)
`[28.1a]: external network ..........................................................44
`c)
`[28.1b]: recipients connected to a local network ......................45
`d)
`[28.1d]: transmission over the external network ......................45
`e)
`[28.2a], [28.2b]: external server system ...................................46
`f)
`[28.2c]: routing ..........................................................................46
`g)
`[28.3a], [28.3b], [28.3e]: local server receiving and delivering
`the message ...............................................................................47
`(1) KSR – Modify Malik Server Communications
`to Server Forwarding Voice Messages ...........................47
`2. Dependent Claim 29: external recipients..........................................48
`3. Dependent Claim 31: Internet ...........................................................50
`4. Dependent Claim 33: delivery to available recipient[s] ...................50
`Independent Claim 40 ............................................................................... 51
`1. Dependent Claim 42: delivery to available recipient[s] ...................52
`Independent Claim 51 ............................................................................... 52
`
`H.
`
`I.
`
`J.
`
`
`
`- iii -
`
`

`

`
`
`K.
`
`Petition for Inter Partes Review of
`U.S. Patent No. 7,535,890
`1. Dependent Claim 53: delivery to available recipient[s] ...................55
`Independent Claim 62 ............................................................................... 55
`1. Dependent Claim 64: delivery to available recipient[s] ...................56
`VI. Ground 2: Malik, Väänänen, and Deshpande Render Obvious Claims 4, 18,
`32, 41, 52, and 63. ............................................................................................57
`A. Dependent claims 4, 18, 32, 41, 52, and 63: server providing a list of
`recipients for client selection. ................................................................... 57
`1. Dependent Claim 4 ...........................................................................57
`a) Malik-Väänänen ........................................................................57
`b) Deshpande .................................................................................58
`c) KSR ............................................................................................58
`2. Dependent Claim 18 .........................................................................60
`3. Dependent Claim 32 .........................................................................61
`4. Dependent Claim 41 .........................................................................62
`5. Dependent Claim 52 .........................................................................62
`6. Dependent Claim 63 .........................................................................62
`VII. Ground 3: Malik, Väänänen, and Abburi Render Obvious Claims 6, 20, 34,
`43, 54, and 65. ..................................................................................................62
`A. Dependent Claims 6, 20, 34, 43, 54, 65: audio file .................................. 62
`1. Claim 6 ..............................................................................................62
`a) Malik-Väänänen ........................................................................62
`b) Abburi .......................................................................................63
`c) KSR ............................................................................................64
`2. Claim 20 ............................................................................................64
`3. Claim 34 ............................................................................................65
`4. Claim 43 ............................................................................................65
`5. Claim 54 ............................................................................................65
`6. Claim 65 ............................................................................................66
`Ground 4: Malik, Väänänen, Abburi, and Daniell Render Obvious Claim
`VIII.
`68. 66
`A. Dependent Claim 68: file attachment ....................................................... 66
`
`
`
`- iv -
`
`

`

`
`
`Petition for Inter Partes Review of
`U.S. Patent No. 7,535,890
`a) Malik-Väänänen-Abburi ...........................................................66
`b) Daniell .......................................................................................66
`c) KSR ............................................................................................67
`IX. Mandatory notices under 37 C.F.R. §42.8 .......................................................68
`A. Real parties-in-interest (§42.8(b)(1)) ....................................................... 68
`B. Notice of related matters (§42.8(b)(2)) .................................................... 68
`C. Lead and back-up counsel with service information (§42.8(b)(3)).......... 73
`D. Service Information (§42.8(b)(4)) ............................................................ 73
`E. Power of Attorney .................................................................................... 74
`X. Payment of Fees – 37 C.F.R. § 42.103 ............................................................74
`XI. Grounds for standing ........................................................................................74
`XII. Conclusion ........................................................................................................75
`
`
`
`
`
`- v -
`
`

`

`
`
`Petition for Inter Partes Review of
`U.S. Patent No. 7,535,890
`
`EXHIBIT LIST
`
`EXHIBIT
`
`DESCRIPTION
`
`1001
`
`1002
`1003
`
`1004
`1005
`
`1006
`
`1007
`
`1008
`
`1009
`
`1010
`
`1011
`
`1012
`1013
`
`1014
`
`Rojas, U.S. Patent No. 7,535,890 (filed December 18, 2003, issued
`May 19, 2009).
`
`File History for U.S. Patent No. 7,535,890
`
`Declaration of Leonard J. Forys, Ph.D., filed as Ex. 1003 in Apple,
`Inc. v. Uniloc USA, Inc., Case IPR2017-00221
`
`Curriculum Vitae of Leonard J. Forys, Ph.D.
`
`Vuori, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2002/0146097 (filed
`July 23, 2001, published October 10, 2002).
`
`Wu et al., U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2002/0023131
`(filed March 19, 2001, published February 21, 2002).
`
`Malik, U.S. Patent No. 7,123,695 (filed August 19, 2002, issued
`October 17, 2006).
`
`Väänänen, WO Patent Publication No. 02/17658 (filed August 20,
`2001, published February 28, 2002).
`
`Deshpande, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0046273
`(filed August 28, 2001, published March 6, 2003).
`
`Daniell et al., U.S. Patent Application Publication No.
`2004/0068545, (filed December 19, 2002, published April 8, 2004).
`
`Aoki et al., “The IMX Architecture Interoperability with America
`Online’s Instant Messaging Services,” June 15, 2000.
`
`Excerpts from Microsoft Computer Dictionary, 5th ed. (2002).
`
`Excerpt from Webster’s New World College Dictionary, 4th ed.,
`New York: MacMillan, 1999.
`
`Staack et al., WO Patent Publication No. 02/07396 (filed July 13,
`2000, published January 24, 2002)
`
`
`
`- vi -
`
`

`

`EXHIBIT
`
`
`
`Petition for Inter Partes Review of
`U.S. Patent No. 7,535,890
`DESCRIPTION
`
`1015
`
`1016
`
`1017
`
`1018
`
`1019
`
`1020
`
`1021
`
`1022
`
`1023
`
`1024
`
`1025
`
`1026
`
`Abburi, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0147512 (filed
`February 1, 2002, published August 7, 2003).
`
`Old Version of AOL Instant Messenger 2.1 Download, retrieved
`from http://www.oldapps.com/aim.php?old_aim=4#screenshots.
`
`Clarke et. al., Experiments with packet switching of voice traffic,
`IEE Proceedings G - Electronic Circuits and Systems, V.130, N.4 ,
`pp. 105-113 (August 1983).
`
`Sharma, VoP (voice over packet), IEEE Potentials, V. 21, N. 4,
`October/November 2002, pp. 14-17.
`
`Schuh et al., WO Patent Publication No. 2003/024027 (filed August
`21, 2002, published March 20, 2003).
`
`Lotito et al., U.S. Patent No. 4,625,081 (filed November 30, 1982,
`issued November 25, 1986).
`
`Pershan, U.S. Patent No. 5,260,986 (filed April 23, 1991, issued
`November 9, 1993).
`
`Hogan et al., U.S. Patent No. 5,619,554 (filed June 8, 1994, issued
`April 8, 1997).
`
`International Telecommunication Union, General Aspects of Digital
`Transmission Systems, Terminal Equipments, Pulse Code
`Modulation (PCM) of Voice Frequencies, ITU-T Recommendation
`G.711., pp. 1-10 (ITU 1993).
`
`Oouchi et al., Study on Appropriate Voice Data Length of IP Packets
`for VoIP Network Adjustment, Proceedings of the IEEE Global
`Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM) 2002, V. 2, Taipei,
`Taiwan, 2002, pp. 1618–1622.
`
`Locascio, U.S. Patent No. 6,603,757 (filed April 14, 1999, issued
`August 5, 2003).
`
`Peersman et al., The Global System for Mobile Communications
`Short Message Service, IEEE Personal Communications (June 2000).
`
`
`
`- vii -
`
`

`

`EXHIBIT
`
`1027
`
`
`
`Petition for Inter Partes Review of
`U.S. Patent No. 7,535,890
`DESCRIPTION
`
`SMPP v3.4 Protocol Implementation guide for GSM / UMTS (May
`30, 2002).
`
`Webster’s New World Dictionary and Thesaurus, 2nd ed. (2002).
`
`1028
`
`This Exhibit list covers all of the Exhibits cited by Dr. Forys in his
`
`Declaration, Ex. 1003, but not all exhibits are used in this petition.
`
`
`
`- viii -
`
`

`

`Petition for Inter Partes Review of
`U.S. Patent No. 7,535,890
`
`Pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 311 and 37 C.F.R. § 42.100, Petitioners Facebook,
`
`Inc. and WhatsApp, Inc. (“Joinder Petitioners”) respectfully request inter partes
`
`review of claims 1-6, 14, 15, 17-20, 28, 29, 31-34, 40-43, 51-54, 62-65, and 68 of
`
`U.S. Patent No. 7,535,890 B2 (“’890 Patent”). Joinder Petitioners are filing
`
`concurrently herewith a Motion for Joinder pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 315(c) and 37
`
`C.F.R. §§ 42.22 and 42.122(b), requesting that the Board institute inter partes
`
`review and join the present proceeding with pending proceeding IPR2017-00221.
`
`I.
`
`Requirements under 37 C.F.R. § 42.104
`
`Identification of challenge and statement of relief requested
`
`A.
`Joinder Petitioners respectfully request inter partes review and cancellation
`
`of challenged claims based on four grounds1 as follows:
`
`Ground Statute
`1
`§ 103
`
`Claims
`1-3, 5, 14, 15,
`17, 19, 28, 29,
`
`Prior Art
`Malik2 and Väänänen3
`
`
`1 Joinder Petitioners’ Grounds 1-4 correspond to grounds 5-8 in Exhibit 1003
`
`(Forys’s Declaration) and Apple’s instituted petition in IPR-00221 (the “Original
`
`Petition”).
`
`2 Malik (Ex. 1007) filed August 19, 2002, and is prior art under §102(e).
`
`3 Väänänen (Ex. 1008) published on February 28, 2002, and is prior art under
`
`§102(b).
`
`
`
`
`
`-1-
`
`
`
`

`

`Petition for Inter Partes Review of
`U.S. Patent No. 7,535,890
`
`
`§ 103
`
`§ 103
`
`§ 103
`
`2
`
`3
`
`4
`
`
`
`31, 33, 40, 42,
`51, 53, 62, 64
`4, 18, 32, 41,
`52, 63
`6, 20, 34, 43,
`54, 65
`68
`
`Malik, Väänänen, and
`Deshpande4
`Malik, Väänänen, and
`Abburi5,6
`Malik, Väänänen, Abburi, and
`Daniell7
`
`
`4 Deshpande (Ex. 1009) filed on August 28, 2001, published March 6, 2003, and is
`
`prior art under §§102(a) and 102(e).
`
`5 Abburi (Ex. 1015) filed on February 1, 2002, published on August 7, 2003, and is
`
`prior art under §§102(a) and 102(e).
`
`6 In its Decision on the Original Petition, the Board instituted trial on claims 6, 20,
`
`34, 43, 54, and 65 as obvious over Malik and Väänänen and Malik, Väänänen, and
`
`Abburi. Apple Inc. v. Uniloc USA, Inc., Case IPR2017-00221, slip op. at 36, 39
`
`(PTAB May 25, 2017) (Paper 9). Joinder Petitioners request inter partes review
`
`on both grounds.
`
`7 Daniell (Ex. 1010) filed December 19, 2002, and is prior art under §102(e).
`
`
`
`
`
`-2-
`
`
`
`

`

`Petition for Inter Partes Review of
`U.S. Patent No. 7,535,890
`
`II. The ’890 Patent
`A. Overview
`The ’890 Patent is directed to “an instant voice messaging system” for
`
`“delivering instant messages over a packet-switched network.” (’890 Patent,
`
`Abstract.) The ’890 Patent’s system comprises a client, a server, and selected
`
`recipient[s] connected through a network. (Id., 2:49-60.) At the client, one or more
`
`recipients may be selected, and an instant voice message is generated. (Id.) The
`
`selected recipient[s] and the generated message are transmitted over the network to
`
`the server. (Id.) The server delivers the received message to the selected
`
`recipient[s] over the network. (Id.) The selected recipient[s] can audibly play
`
`message. (Id.)
`
`The ’890 Patent’s server provides “contact presence (connection)
`
`information and message scheduling and delivery” for the connected recipient[s].
`
`(Id., 14:60-63.) For example, when the server receives an instant voice message, if
`
`the recipient is not connected to the server (i.e., unavailable), the server
`
`temporarily saves the message and delivers the message when the recipient[s] is
`
`available. (Id., 8:22-29.)
`
`
`
`
`
`-3-
`
`
`
`

`

`Petition for Inter Partes Review of
`U.S. Patent No. 7,535,890
`
`B. Claims
`Independent Claims
`1.
`The challenged claims include six sets of claims. Claims 1, 14, 28, 40, 51,
`
`and 62 are the independent claims. Claim 1 is representative8:
`
`• An instant voice messaging system for delivering instant
`messages over a packet-switched network,
`the system
`comprising:
`• a client connected to the network, the client
`o selecting one or more recipients,
`o generating an instant voice message therefor, and
`o transmitting the selected recipients and the instant voice
`message therefor over the network; and
`• a server connected to the network, the server
`o receiving the selected recipients and the instant voice
`message therefor, and
`o delivering the instant voice message to the selected
`recipients over the network,
`• the selected recipients enabled to audibly play the instant voice
`message, and
`• the server
`o temporarily storing the instant voice message if a
`selected recipient is unavailable and
`
`
`8 Formatting added.
`
`
`
`
`
`-4-
`
`
`
`

`

`Petition for Inter Partes Review of
`U.S. Patent No. 7,535,890
`
`o delivering the stored instant voice message to the
`selected recipient once the selected recipient becomes
`available.
`(’890 Patent, Claim 1.)
`
`The other independent claims recite substantially similar limitations. The
`
`differences among the independent claims mostly relate to various types of
`
`network(s) connecting the client, server(s), and recipient(s). Based on these
`
`differences, the six independent claims can be categorized into three groups. (Forys
`
`Dec., ¶56.)
`
`Group 1: independent claims 1 and 40 relate to a system/method for
`
`delivering an instant voice message over a packet-switched network. The
`
`“client,” “server,” and “recipient(s)” are all connected to this network. (Forys Dec.,
`
`¶57.)
`
`Group 2: independent claims 14 and 51 relate to a system/method for
`
`delivering an instant voice message over a plurality of packet-switched networks
`
`(including “local network” and “external network”).The “client” is connected to
`
`the “local network.” The “[external] server” and the “external recipient(s)” are
`
`connected to the “external network.” (Forys Dec., ¶58.)
`
`Group 3: independent claims 28 and 62 also relate to a system/method for
`
`delivering an instant voice message over a plurality of packet-switched networks
`
`(including “local network” and “external network”). However, the message flow of
`
`
`
`
`-5-
`
`
`
`

`

`Petition for Inter Partes Review of
`U.S. Patent No. 7,535,890
`
`claims 28 and 62 is almost the reverse of claims 14 and 51. In claims 28 and 62,
`
`the “client” is connected to the “external network” while the “recipient(s)” are
`
`connected to the “local network.” Claims 28 and 62 further recite an “external
`
`server” connected to the “external network,” and a “local server” connected to the
`
`“local network.” In addition, the “external server” forwards the instant voice
`
`message to the “local server” for delivery because claims 28 and 62 recite that the
`
`“external server” routes and the “local server” receives the message. (Forys Dec.,
`
`¶59.)
`
`Dependent Claims
`
`2.
`The challenged dependent claims recite additional well-known limitations.
`
`Claim 2 relates to a local network. Claims 3, 17, 31 relate to the Internet. Claims 5,
`
`19, 33, 42, 53, 64 relate to delivering the message to available recipient[s]. Claims
`
`4, 18, 32, 41, 52, 63 relate to the server providing a list of recipients for client
`
`selection. Claims 6, 20, 34, 43, 54, 65 relate to recording, transmitting, and
`
`delivering the message in the form of an audio file. (Forys Dec., ¶60.)
`
`In addition, claim 15 recites a local server receiving and delivering the
`
`message to local recipient[s]. Claim 29 recites “external recipient[s]” connected to
`
`the external network. Claim 68 relates to file attachment and storage.
`
`
`
`
`
`-6-
`
`
`
`

`

`Petition for Inter Partes Review of
`U.S. Patent No. 7,535,890
`
`III. Claim construction9
`POSITA
`A.
`Regarding the ’890 Patent, a person of ordinary skill in the art (POSITA)
`
`would have at least the equivalent of a Bachelor degree in Electrical Engineering,
`
`Computer Science, or an equivalent field as well as at least 3–5 years of academic
`
`or industry experience in communications systems, messaging systems, data
`
`networks including VoIP, and mobile telephony, or comparable industry
`
`experience. (Forys Dec., ¶30.)
`
`“External Network”
`
`B.
`Independent claims 14, 28, 51, and 62 recite an “external network.” Under
`
`the BRI, the term “external network” means “a network that is outside another
`
`
`9 For purposes of consistency and joinder with instituted case IPR2017-
`
`00221, Joinder Petitioners maintain the same claim interpretations set forth by the
`
`Petitioner, Apple, in that proceeding. In IPR2017-01523 and IPR2017-01524,
`
`Joinder Petitioners did not expressly proposed terms for construction. Joinder
`
`Petitioners believe that there is no material difference between the petitioners’
`
`stated claim interpretation positions for purposes of the respective proceedings.
`
`Joinder Petitioners also reserve the rights to maintain or revisit claim constructions
`
`in litigation and to challenge indefiniteness of all claim terms in litigation.
`
`
`
`
`
`-7-
`
`
`
`

`

`Petition for Inter Partes Review of
`U.S. Patent No. 7,535,890
`
`network.” (Forys Dec., ¶64.) One example would be the Internet, as found in
`
`dependent claims 17 and 31.
`
`The context of the claims supports this construction. The claims recite “an
`
`external network outside the local network.” (’890 Patent, Claims 14, 51.) The
`
`plain meaning of the word “external” further supports this construction. (Ex. 1013,
`
`Webster’s, 503 (defining “external” as “on or having to do with the outside; outer;
`
`exterior”).) (Forys Dec., ¶65.)
`
`The context of the claims also supports that the Internet is an example of the
`
`“external network,” reciting, “wherein the external network is the Internet.” (’890
`
`Patent, Claims 17, 31; Forys Dec., ¶66.)
`
`The specification does not provide an embodiment that specifically refers to
`
`the term “external network.” The specification only recites the claimed “external
`
`network” in Section “SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION,” with the same level of
`
`details as the claims (e.g., reciting “an external network outside the local
`
`network”). (Ex. 1001, 3:24-4:26; Forys Dec., ¶67.)
`
`
`
`
`
`-8-
`
`
`
`

`

`Petition for Inter Partes Review of
`U.S. Patent No. 7,535,890
`
`FIG. 5 of the ’890 Patent provides an exemplary “global instant voice
`
`messaging (IVM) system 500” that utilizes both local networks and/or the
`
`Internet.10 (Ex. 1001, 15:24-25; Forys Dec., ¶68.)
`
`
`
`(’890 Patent, FIG. 5.)
`
`In FIG. 5, the “global IVM system 500 comprises the local IVM system 510,
`
`global IVM server system 502, and global IVM clients 506 and 508 that are
`
`optionally connected via local IP network 504.” (’890 Patent, 15:28-31.) The
`
`
`10 However, this embodiment does not explicitly refer to the term, “external
`
`network.”
`
`
`
`
`
`-9-
`
`
`
`

`

`Petition for Inter Partes Review of
`U.S. Patent No. 7,535,890
`
`Internet and/or local networks allow local clients and global clients to
`
`communicate messages with each other: “global IVM server system 502 is
`
`connected to the IP network (i.e., Internet) 102 for enabling the local IVM clients
`
`206, 208…in the local IVM system 510 to generate and send instant voice
`
`messages to the global IVM clients 506, 508, as well as the local IVM clients 206,
`
`208 to receive instant voice messages from the global IVM clients 506, 508.” (Id.,
`
`15:31-38; FIG. 5.)
`
`Accordingly, based on the claim context, the plain meaning, and the
`
`specification, the term “external network” means “a network that is outside another
`
`network.” (Forys Dec., ¶70.)
`
`IV. State of the Art
`Prior to the alleged invention, all the technology at issue was broadly applied
`
`and well known in the field of messaging systems. (Forys Dec., ¶71.) No
`
`individual elements of the challenged claims were novel at the time, and there was
`
`nothing novel about how those elements were combined. (Id.) Further, there were
`
`no technological barriers to combining these elements. (Id.)
`
`As explained by Apple’s expert Dr. Forys, with 50 years of relevant
`
`experience, voice messaging, SMS, and voice over packet networks are all
`
`decades-old technologies. (Forys Dec., ¶¶88-100.) The additional features in the
`
`challenged claims were also widely known. (Forys Dec., ¶71.)
`
`
`
`
`
`-10-
`
`
`
`

`

`Petition for Inter Partes Review of
`U.S. Patent No. 7,535,890
`
`Storing-or-delivering an instant voice message based on recipient
`A.
`availability was well-known.
`
`Recipient availability information was well-known to early AOL
`
`subscribers. (Forys Dec., ¶72.) AOL’s Instant Messenger provided presence
`
`information (e.g., “online” indications) as early as 1997. (Ex. 1016, AOL IM;
`
`Forys Dec., ¶72.)
`
`Using recipient availability information, many IM systems already utilized
`
`the technique of queuing text IMs for later delivery once the recipients become
`
`available. (Malik, 3:24-26.) In “many instant messaging communications, if a user
`
`is not present to receive an instant message, the instant message can still be …
`
`queued in the IM server.” (Id., 3:16-18.) The IM Server “will hold the message
`
`until the user is present again on the instant messaging network.” (Id., 3:20-21.)
`
`So, the message “is delivered to the user as soon as the user is present” on the
`
`network. (Id., 3:22-23; Forys Dec., ¶73.)
`
`In view of the above queuing technique already known in “many instant
`
`messaging communications,” what the ’890 Patent apparently added was merely
`
`applying the same technique from text IMs to voice IMs. (Forys Dec., ¶74.)
`
`However, many voice IM systems already applied this small and obvious change
`
`from the queuing text IMs to queuing voice IMs, well before the alleged invention
`
`date. (Id.)
`
`
`
`
`
`-11-
`
`
`
`

`

`Petition for Inter Partes Review of
`U.S. Patent No. 7,535,890
`
`For example, Vuori is directed to “sending of a short voice message
`
`(SVM),” and the SVMs can be “instant messages.” (Vuori, Abstract, [0031].)
`
`Vuori’s IM server “is able to check the availability of” the recipient. (Id., [0050].)
`
`If the recipient is available, the server “immediately sends the received voice
`
`message.” (Id.) If the recipient is unavailable, the “voice message may be stored
`
`temporarily” in the server until the recipient is available. (Vuori, [0051].)
`
`In another example, Malik relates to “sending voice instant messages”
`
`(VIM). (Malik, Abstract.) In Malik, “whenever a user is not present and available
`
`to receive” a VIM, the VIM “may be stored in a queue” of the VIM server. (Id.,
`
`5:21-27.) The availability of the user can be based on connection to the IM
`
`network because the VIM “is delivered to the user the next time that the user
`
`connects to the instant messaging network via his or her IM client.” (Id.) So, when
`
`the recipient (VIM client 310) changes from an offline to an online status, the
`
`VIMs stored on the VIM server “are delivered to” the recipient (VIM client 310).
`
`(Id., 7:1-5.)
`
`Also, Staack discloses a voice instant messaging system based on the SIP
`
`protocol. (Ex. 1014, Staack; Forys Dec., ¶77.) Staack “is directed to a[n] instant
`
`messaging method.” (Staack, Abstract.) The IM in Staack can be a voice IM
`
`because Staack’s SIP messages can carry audio payloads. (Id., 2:16-2