«2) United States Patent
`US 6,603,757 B1
`(10) Patent No.:
`Locascio
`(45) Date of Patent:
`Aug. 5, 2003
`
`
`US006603757B1
`
`(54) VOICE-DATA ACCESS CONCENTRATOR
`FOR NODEIN AN EXPANDABLE
`TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
`Inventor: Timothy Ray Locascio, Osterville, MA
`(US)
`(73) Assignee: Excel Switching Corporation,
`Hyannis, MA (US)
`
`(75)
`
`(*) Notice:
`
`(56)
`
`6,253,249 B1 *
`6/2001 Belzile 2.2... 370/259
`6,278,707 Bl
`*
`8/2001 MacMillanetal.
`370/352
`
`
`6,298,062 Bl
`ie 370/401
`* 10/2001 Gardell etal.
`.
`* 12/2001 LaPier et ab. wuss 370/352
`6,333,931 Bl
`
`H: aa
`ons ae :
`fare a cs
`
`3/2002 Thornton et al.
`......0006 370/352
`6,363,065 Bl
`*
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`WO99/05830
`2/1999
`wo
`eeaming
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term ofthis Hey Be
`DY ExAMUDEL
`patent
`is extended or adjusted under 35
`CHSC:
`oF
`S.C.
`15
`) days.
`5
`U.S.C.
`154(0)by 0 days
`Primary Examiner—Chau Nguyen
`Assistant Examiner—Keith M. George
`(21) Appl. No.: 09/291,889
`“
`aidan
`ABSTRACT
`(22)
`Filed:
`Apr. 14, 1999
`‘:
`i
`ee BiC4 sereemernsrrsmenrenemts HOeL 166
`
`(52) USS. cl. aii ila aaa aaa 370/352; 370/401
`
`
`vores 370/352, 353,
`(58) Field of Search....
`370/354, 355, 356, 465, 466
`er
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`}
`4,903,261 A
`200 Baran et al.
`............. 370/94.2
`
`Asie
`a ae a eer 355
`ACHE OTEL es
`AOS CAL A
`Lah
`na
`
`6,026,087 A“ 2/2000 Mirashrafi et al.
`370/352
`6,134,235 A * 10/2000 Goldman etal.
`.
`370/352
`6,141,341 A * 10/2000 Joneset al. ................. 370/352
`
`57
`@7)
`Apparatus operable as a standalone, open programmable
`switch, a node an expandable telecommunications system,
`or a gateway includes a voice/data access concentrator
`(VDAC)card for providing voice over IP (Internet protocol)
`capability. The WDACcard includes an array of digital
`signal processors (DSPs) which may be programmed to
`perform desired protocol conversions betweencircuit-based
`protocols, such as T1, El or Jt, and packet-based protocols,
`such as IP. The apparatus is scalable and may readily
`incorporate other cards which provide both subscriber
`supplementary services and network signalling as required
`to meet the needs ofa particular application.
`
`4 Claims, 4 Drawing Sheets
`
`(B-REDUNDANTSET)
`SET B, RING 3 & RING 4
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`USS. Pat. 8,995,433
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`US 6,603,757 B1
`
`1
`VOICE-DATA ACCESS CONCENTRATOR
`FOR NODEIN AN EXPANDABLE
`TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`1. Field of the Invention
`
`invention relates generally to the field of
`The present
`telecommunications and, more specifically, to a program-
`mable telecommunications switch which is operable as a
`node in an expandable telecommunications system and
`includes an interface for conducting telecommunications
`over the Internet.
`2. Discussion of the Related Art
`
`15
`
`With the goal of providing telecommunication services at
`lower prices than those charged by long distance carriers,
`competitive local exchange carriers (CLECs) and
`government-controlled telephone companies, an effort
`is
`underway to use the Internet to carry voice traffic which has
`traditionally been carried by the public switched telephone
`network (PSTN). This type of application or service is often
`referred to as “voice over IP” (VoIP) where “IP”refers to
`Internet protocol.
`Several important considerations arise in connection with
`the development of VoIP including determining how much,
`if any, of a communication path from a given subscriber to
`another should be provided by the PSTN and how much
`should be provided by the Internet. In other words, should a
`subscriber’s communication device interface directly with
`the Internet (meaning that subscribers must be equipped
`with “Internet telephones,” PCs which include telephone
`functionality or the like), or should the PSTN be used to
`connect subscribers (who would continue to use conven-
`tional telephone sets) to the Internet through a gateway or
`similar device. Of course, other scenarios are possible as
`well, andit is likely that a mixed or hybrid infrastructure will
`exist for a long time because of the prohibitive cost of
`constructing or replacing networks as well as replacing
`subscriber equipment.
`Another consideration is how to provide supplementary or
`enhanced services to subscribers who will not want
`to
`sacrifice call forwarding, call-waiting, voicemail, confer-
`ence calling and other existing services merely to obtain
`lower cost Internet-based phone service. Further, there is
`great need for system flexibility to allow rapid, inexpensive
`development and introduction of new services,
`largely
`because such new services provide large revenue growth
`potential for mostcarriers.
`A third consideration is system capacity and scalability.
`Because of the difficulty in accurately forecasting both the
`demand for additional telecommunication bandwidth and
`the rate at which subscribers will migrate to Internet-based
`telephony,
`it
`is extremely important
`that any system be
`capable ofrapid, large-scale expansion without significant
`disruption ofservice and without forcing largeinitial invest-
`ment for capacity that may not be needed for a long time.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`In brief summary, the present invention provides a pro-
`grammable telecommunication switch, operable as a node in
`an expandable telecommunications system, as a standalone
`switch, or as a gateway. The programmable switch includes
`an interface, sometimes referred to as a voice/data concen-
`trator card, for conducting VoIP communications. One side
`of the interface connects to the Internet or other packet-
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`2
`based network, while the other side ofthe interface connects
`with the switch’s internal bus structure over which the
`interface and other circuitry within the switch may commu-
`nicate.
`
`The present invention permits a CLEC, system integrator
`or other customer to introduce VoIP capability as either an
`addition to an existing network (e.g., PSTN) or through the
`construction of a new network as desired. In either case, the
`present invention allows the introduction of VoIP capability
`in the locations and amounts needed to satisfy demand.
`Future growth in demand for such capacity is flexibly
`accommodated by simply including additional
`interfaces
`within the switch or adding additional nodes as the case may
`be. If desired, multiple interfaces may be concentratedin a
`single node whose VoIP capability ts fully accessible by the
`other nodes of the expandable telecommunications system.
`Similar considerations apply to using the present invention
`to provide communications based on protocols other than IP.
`In addition, traditional telephony services and functions,
`including both supplementary services (conferencing, call
`waiting, voicemail, etc.) and network signalling (tone
`detection, tone generation, etc.), as well as new services,
`may be provided within the same programmable switch
`which includes a VoIP capability or within other nodes that
`are part of the same expandable telecommunications system.
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`The invention description below refers to the accompa-
`nying drawings, of which:
`FIG. 1 is block diagram of a programmable telecommu-
`nication switch which is operable as a standalone device, a
`node in an expandable telecommunications system or as a
`gateway, and which is constructed in accordance with a
`preferred embodiment of the present invention; and
`FIGS. 2A-2C together form a block diagram of the
`voice/data access concentrator card of FIG. 1 in further
`detail
`in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the
`invention.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN
`ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENT
`
`1 shows the major functional components of a
`FIG.
`preferred embodiment of a programmable telecommunica-
`tions switch 2 in which the present
`invention may be
`implemented. Circuit-based network/line interfaces 4, which
`may represent links to a public switched telephone network
`(PSTN) or private circuit-based/circuit-switched network
`(or both), are provided by a series of line card input/output
`(lO) cards 20.
`If desired, a
`redundant
`IO card 22 and
`redundant IO bus 24 may optionally be included.
`One or more digital network (T1, El or J1) or analog
`trunk/line line cards 26 communicate with IO cards 20 over
`line card (LC) [0 lines 28. Line cards 26 are also connected
`in communicating relationship with redundant switching
`buses 30a and 305, Again, if desired, one or more redundant
`line cards 32 may be provided, such redundant line cards
`arranged to communicate with a redundant IO card 22 over
`redundant LC IO lines 34.
`
`If desired, diverse, programmable communications ser-
`vices such as tone detection and generation, sub-rate
`switching, conferencing, voice recorded announcements,
`call progress analysis, speech recognition, ADPCM
`compression,
`interactive voice response (IVR) and many
`others may be provided by one or more multifunction digital
`signal processing (MFDSP) cards 36 and optional redundant
`cards.
`
`006
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`US 6,603,757 B1
`
`3
`If desired, a Signalling System No. 7 (SS7) card 38
`supports communications over network/line interfaces 4
`using the SS7 protocol. As noted above with respect to other
`types of cards, one or more optional redundant SS7 cards 38
`may be provided within switch 2.
`One or more voice/data access concentrator (VDAC)
`cards 48 (which may include an optional n+l WDACcard)
`are connected in communicating relationship with switching
`buses 30a and 30b. VDACcards 48 provide packet-based
`network interfaces 50 for connection with the Internet (not
`shown) or other packet-based networks whose communica-
`tion protocols are supported by cards 48.
`It should be understood that by providing other types of
`cards within switch 2, other communication protocols such
`as ISDN, DS3, SONET, ATM or others may also be sup-
`ported by switch 2.
`Control ofthe operations of switch 2, as well as the actual
`switching functions, are performed by either a CPU/matrix
`card or nodal switch 44a. If a CPU/matrix card is used,
`switch 2 may operate essentially as a standalone device(i.e.,
`as opposed to operating as a switching node in an expand-
`able telecommunications system, described below) or as a
`gateway between PSTN network/line interfaces 4 and
`packet-switched network interfaces 50. In that case,
`the
`CPU/matrix card 44a may be connected to a hostinterface
`42a through which communications with an external host
`device (not shown) are effected. Typically, but not
`necessarily, the overall operations ofswitch 2 are controlled
`by an application program running on the host device.
`Alternatively, if a nodal switch is used, switch 2 may
`operate as a node in an expandable telecommunications
`system, an example of which is described in U.S. Pat. No.
`5,544,163 which is hereby incorporated by reference. In
`such an embodiment,
`the nodal switch 44a is preferably
`connected with a ring [O card 40a through which commu-
`nications with an inter-nodal network 12a are effected.
`Inter-nodal network 12ais preferably implemented with one
`or more fiber optic rings. Inter-nodal network 12b is a
`redundant set of one or more fiber optic rings. The nodal
`switch 44@ may also communicate with an external host via
`host interface 42a.
`
`Regardless of whether a CPU/matrix card or a nodal
`switch is selected, a matching standby CPU/matrix card or
`nodal switch 44b may optionally be provided and accom-
`panied by the appropriate host interface 42b or ring 1O card
`405 (or both). In such a configuration, a link 46 is provided
`for direct communication between active and standby
`devices 44a and 44).
`
`Details of the construction and operation of an exemplary
`CPU/matrix card, as well as switching buses 30a and 30b,
`may be found in U.S. Pat. No, 5,349,579 which is hereby
`incorporated by reference. Similarly, details of the construc-
`tion and operation of an exemplary nodal switch may be
`found in the above-referenced U.S. Pat. No. 5,544,163.
`FIG. 2 is a detailed block diagram of VDAC card 48
`shown in FIG. 1. An ethernet switch 34 provides dual
`network interfaces 50 which are capable of operating at 100
`Mbit/sec. Ethernet switch 54 is interfaced with a CPU 52,
`which is preferably a Motorola MC860, that controls overall
`operation of VDAC card 48, CPU 52 communicates over
`dual HDLCbuses which are part of switching buses 30a and
`306.
`
`A local control map 56, whichis under the control of CPU
`52, operates in conjunction with a time division multiplex
`(TDM) bus switch 58,
`to time switch data (timeslots)
`between switching buses 30a and 30b and VDACcard 48.
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`Timeslots which is are received from buses 30a@ and 30), via
`TDM bus switch 58, are passed to PCM memory 60 and then
`to PCM/module switch 62, whose operation is controlled by
`module control map 64.
`As the timeslots are passed through switch 62, they are
`routed to one of eight Texas Instruments 'T1320C549 Digital
`Signal Processors (DSPs) 80a—80d on one of four VoIP
`daughter cards (each is denoted by a dashedline box). Each
`daughter card includes eight DSPs [and their] 80a—80d, each
`with its own external SRAM 8la-8ld. The DSPs are
`memory mapped into the address space of a Motorola
`MC850 processor 74a—74d, used to control the operation of
`the daughter card, which has its own local SDRAM 78a—78d
`and flash memory (not shown). Each processor 74a—74d has
`a 10 Mbit/sec full duplex [ethernet]Ethernet pipe to
`[ethernet]Ethernet switch 54 which allows for communica-
`tion among all of the daughter cards, CPU 52 and the
`external IP network.
`
`CPU 32is also connected in communicating relationship
`with external bus arbitration logic 66, external bus buffers
`68, SDRAM 70 and flash memory 72.
`In general, WDAC card 48 functions to provide internet-
`working between packet-switched or packet-based commu-
`nication protocols (e.g., IP) that are typically used to effect
`communications over network interfaces 50, and circuit-
`switchedor circuit-based communication protocols(i.¢., T1,
`El or J1) that are typically used to effect communications
`over network/line interfaces 4 (FIG. 1). DSPs 74a—74d,
`along with their related circuitry, operate to perform the
`necessary steps,
`including packetizing and depacketizing,
`digital processing of data andthelike, to convert from one
`protocol
`to another. For example, by loading appropriate
`software into memories 70 and 72, CPU 52 may simulta-
`neously run H.323, H.225 (Q.931) and H.245 protocols or a
`variety of other protocols chosen to meet
`the needs of a
`particular application, thereby enabling. WDAC card 48 to
`support communications which use any of those protocols.
`Such protocol software may be obtained from commercial
`sources, one such source for H.323 software being RAD-
`Vision Inc. of Mahwah, N.J.
`With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2A-2C, an example ofthe
`protocol conversion that may be performed will now be
`described. Assure that one or more T1 spans are connected
`to circuit-based network/line interfaces 4. Further assume
`that packet-based network interfaces 50 are connected to the
`Internet for the purpose of providing VoIP service within
`switch 2. As timeslots (e.g., PCM data) which are destined
`for the Internet arrive at Tl line cards 26 (or smartline cards
`32), they are transmitted over switching buses 30@ and 30b
`to TDM busswitch 58 on VDAC card 48. TDM busswitch
`58 time switches those time slots to PCM memory 60, from
`which they pass through PCM/module switch 62 and then to
`designated areas of DSP external SRAM 81la-81d. Once
`stored in SRAM 8la-81d, the timeslots are available for
`processing by the respective one of DSPs [74a—74d]
`80a—80d that has access to such SRAM. Such processing
`may typically include packetization of the timeslots as data
`within IP packets, which packets are then passed via the
`processor 74a—74d through the [ethernet] Ethernet buses
`82a-82dto [ethernet] Ethernet switch 54 for transmission to
`the Internet.
`
`It will be understood by those skilledin the art that VDAC
`card 48 may also perform a protocol conversion which is
`essentially the reverse of the process just described, thatis,
`receiving Internet packets containing timeslots at ethernet
`switch 54, depacketizing the timeslots, and passing those
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`US 6,603,757 B1
`
`5
`timeslots via TDM busswitch 58 to switching buses 30¢ and
`30b, over which such timeslots may be passedto line cards
`26, MFDSP cards 36, SS7 cards 38 CPU/matrix cards or
`nodal switches 44a and 44b.
`
`The foregoing description has been limited to a specific
`embodiment ofthis invention. It will be apparent, however,
`that variations and modifications may be made to the
`invention, with the attainment of some orall of the advan-
`tages of the invention. Therefore,
`it
`is the object of the
`appended claims to coverall such variations and modifica-
`tions as come within the true spirit and scope of the
`invention.
`What
`is claimed as new and desired to be secured by
`Letters Patent of the United Statesis:
`Ll. Apparatus operable as a switching node in an expand-
`able telecommunications system, which system includes a
`plurality of switching nodes interconnected by an associated
`inter-nodal network, each switching node being capable of
`dynamically connecting or disconnecting communications
`paths with respect to various ones ofa plurality ofports, said
`switching node comprising:
`(A) one or more nodal switches each of which includes
`circuitry for transmitting and receiving information
`over the inter-nodal network to which the switching
`node and other nodes ofsaid system are connected in
`communicating relationship, and said nodal switch
`including a time switch for time-switching information
`in time slots to or from said ports, and including
`circuitry for transmitting and receiving information in
`time slots in a packet over the internodal network to
`which said switching node and other switching nodes
`are connected in a communicating relationship;
`(B) one or more line cards, connected in communicating
`relationship with said one or more nodesfor interfacing
`the node with one or more circuit-switched networks
`over which communications are conducted using
`circuit-switched protocols; and
`(C) a voice/data access concentrator card, connected in
`communicating relationship with said one or more
`nodal switches, and that includes an interface to one or
`more packet-switched networks over which communi-
`cations are conducted using packet-switched protocols
`including Internet protocol, said interface including one
`or more digital signal processors for converting infor-
`mation between said circuit-switched protocols and
`said packet-switched protocols,
`including means for
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`converting information received through said packet-
`switched network into circuit-switched data and con-
`verting circuit-switched data into information for trans-
`mission through said packet-switched network
`whereby the switching node provides internetworking
`between a circuit-switched protocol and a_packet-
`switched protocol, including sending voice over Inter-
`net information therebetween, and
`said voice data access concentrator card having associated
`therewith an Ethernet switch that provides dual network
`interfaces with said one or more packet-switched networks,
`and said Ethernet switch having an associated CPU to
`control operation of said card, and said associated CPU
`being in communicating relationship with components in
`said switching node over dual HDLC buses incorporated
`into redundant internal switching buses in said switching
`node.
`2. The switching node as defined in claim 1 further
`comprising,
`a local control map, which is under the control ofsaid
`CPU associated with said Ethernet switch, said local
`control map operating in conjunction with a time
`division multiplex (TDM) bus switch for
`time-
`switching timeslots between internal switching buses
`of said switching node and said voice data access
`concentrator card.
`
`3. The switching node as defined in claim 2 further
`comprising:
`a plurality of VoIP daughter cards, each including:
`(i) at least one of said digital signal processors; and
`(ii) an external memory storage device associated with
`each digital signal processor, and said digital signal
`processors are memory mapped into an address
`space of an associated processor that is programmed
`to control operation of the daughter card with which
`it Is associated, said processor also having a full
`duplex Ethernet pipe to Ethernet switch 54 for com-
`munication among said daughter cards, the CPU and
`said packet-switched IP network.
`4. The switching node as defined in claim 1, wherein said
`node is a services node that is adapted to provide at least one
`of the following: a) a voice mail services; b) interactive
`voice response services; c) voice messaging services; d) call
`waiting; ¢) wireless communications services; ¢) personal
`communications services PCS; and f) conferencing.
`e 2k *
`oF
`
`008
`
`008
`
`