`
`INVENTION DISCLOSURE
`”IF/”5'
`This form is to be used for disclosure to The Boeing Company of Inventions, discoveries,
`improvements or innovations, whether or not considered patentabie.
`See above for Instructions.
`
`pageI mfi
`
`TITLE OF INVENTION (DescrIpIIva and Concise)
`
`INVENTOR NAME (FIRST. M.I.. LAST)
`
`4
`
`'
`I
`,
`o I’
`-
`SOCIAL SECURITY NO‘ ‘ SOCIA - ’ URITY NO.
`SOCIAL SECURITY NO.
`SOCIAL SECURITY NOT
`_ — _ On...
`96'NO EE-- MA‘LEW’ ‘ MA'LSTOP
`— 4 k
`
`PHONE
`
`PHONE
`
`
`
`PHONE
`
`MANAGER'S NAME
`
`MANAGER'S NAME
`
`'
`PHONE
`STATE OF DEVELOPMENT (See Remarks On Back)
`
`CONT
`
`3/
`T EMPLOYEE
`- OTHER (SPECIFY)
`.
`-
`
`1.
`
`a DESIGN COMPLETE
`
`DATE BUILT
`
`DATE SATISFACTORILY TESTED - PROTOTYPE
`TflG/W
`,
`z IN PRODUCTION
`APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION
`PRODUCTION RELEASE EG. PRR NO.
`
`]
`
`I
`
`{S\ (’29
`
`DATE
`
`DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION OUTSIDE BOEING
`
`PRODUCT/PROGRAM
`
`POTENTIAL CUSTOMER(S)
`IN ADDITION TO BOEING
`
`PUBLICATION NAME
`
`DEVELOPMENT HISTORY
`WHAT BOEING ACCOUNT OR WORK ORDER WERE YOU CHARGING TO WHEN YOU MADE THIS INVENTION?
`ACCOUNT OR WORK ORDER No. FOR EACH INVENTOR(16-DIGIT CHARGELINE) 1)
`
`4)
`
`2)—————— sI
`CHECK AS APPLICABLE:
`
`DATEIS)
`
`4/3/44
`I L ”WW
`
`VOLUME N0.
`
`D THIS INVENTION WAS CONCEIVED OR FIRST BUILT AND TESTED IN THE COURSE OF WORK UNDER A US. GOVERNMENT CONTRACT.
`CONTRACT No, OR OTHER IDENTIFICATION ________________________________,____,
`
`Q’ms INVENTION WAS NEITHER CONCEIVED NOR FIRST BUILT AND TESTED IN THE COURSE OF WORK UNDER A us, GOVERNMENT CONTRACT.
`D THE FOLLOWING ADDITIONAL PARTIES MAY HAVE RIGHTS TO THIS INVENTION:
`[El 2
`——-—-—,
`3. RELATED INVENTION DISCLOSURE NOS:
`
`DISCLOSURE NO.
`
`DATE RECEIVED
`
`DISCLOSURE ASSIGNED TO:
`
`PE
`
`'9
`
`DO NOT WRITE BELOW THIS LINE
`
`Patent Owner Acceleration Bay, LLC - Ex. 2010, p. 1
`Patent Owner Acceleration Bay, LLC - EX. 2010, p. 1
`
`
`
`SWAN: SMALL—WORLD WIDE AREA NETWORKING
`
`BOEING PROPRIETARY
`
`December 23, 1999 2:21 pm
`
`Introduction
`
`in collaborative workflow, and to
`The need has been increasing in large software projects,
`facilitate enterprise—wide—engineering,
`for an effective means to allow scalable and reliable
`sharing of information across multiple processes. For example,—
`—has proven valuable in allowing collaborative design reviews
`to take place at geographically distant sites, such as between Everett, WA, and St. Louis, MO. To
`enhance the value of- and enable additional world—wide electronic collaboration
`applications, programmers need a software mechanism allowing dozens, hundreds, or perhaps
`thousands of participating computer processes to simultaneously share information easily,
`quickly, and reliably across the world.
`
`Problem Solved By This Invention
`
`(“wide—area") peer—to—peer communications among
`SWAN provides general world—wide
`computer processes. It achieves this with high reliability and low latency, scaling from a single
`process to thousands of participating processes. The system is completely distributed among the
`participants, which may join, depart, or even fail, at any time and in any order.
`
`system
`intervention of
`the
`special hardware, or
`require
`implementation doesn‘t
`The
`administrators. All computers can participate, without requiring root access, daemons, kernel
`modifications, or the addition of“well—knoxvn” port numbers.
`
`Though openly accessible, SWAN does have rudimentary security. Joining a session is restricted
`to those processes sharing the SWAN code base and aware of the correct channel designation.
`
`Background
`
`There are four categories of computer network communication systems that might be applied to
`the problem of wide—area simultaneous sharing of information for the purpose of collaborative
`processing. These are:
`l) point—to—point networking protocols, 2) client—server middleware, 3)
`multicast networking protocols, and 4) peer—to—peer middleware.
`
`Point—To—Point Networking Protocols
`
`to allow direct one— or two—way
`A number of point—to—point networking protocols exist
`communication between two computer processes. Examples include UNIX pipes, TCP/IP, UDP,
`IBM’s SNA, and Xerox’ XNS. Of these, only TCP/IP and UDP are universally available for
`communication between computers connected via the Internet or on the Boeing Intranet.
`
`Using point—to—point connections directly does not scale easily as the number of participating
`processes grows. A process is limited in the number of such connections that can be made
`(roughly 60), and managing even a single connection is a complex task for programmers.
`Coordinating a communication session involving even a modest number of connections
`exacerbates the program complexity enormously. For all of these reasons, direct use of a point—
` ‘llll-l HHU'I(; ()INU \\ \Sli \l' |AlNliID '10 AN ) UNDERSI‘OOD BY
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`
`Patent Owner Acceleration Bay, LLC - Ex. 2010, p. 2
`— Patent Owner Acceleration Bay, LLC - EX. 2010, p. 2
`
`
`
`is not a feasible mechanism for sharing information across a
`to—point networking protocol
`medium— to large—scale collaboration across a wideaarea network.
`
`BOEING PROPRIETARY
`
`December 23. l999 2:2l pm
`
`Client—Server Middleware
`
`To alleviate the complexity of programming directly at the network protocol level, client—server
`middleware is available to provide an easier programming abstraction.
`In client—server
`middleware, a number of “client” processes find or instantiate a single “server” process, forming a
`direct network connection between them. The client may then request services from the server,
`which often is given central authority over a resource, such as a database. Examples include
`database servers, remote procedure calls (RFC). and CORBA.
`
`The client—server paradigm provided by this middleware, while providing a mechanism for
`sequenced resource sharing, is not feasible for collaborative information sharing. One client may
`be able to convey information directly to the server, but the other clients are unaware that the
`server has new information, forcing them to poll the server for possible new information. This
`creates a performance bottleneck as the number of participants increases, adds undue latency in
`disseminating the information, and wastes processing time as client processes continue to check
`for new information.
`
`Some client~server middleware packages, such as CORBA. allow clients to register “callbacks,"
`functions to be invoked when an event occurs. While this facility may make collaborative
`information sharing less onerous, for medium— to large—scale applications the single server is still
`a performance bottleneck.
`
`Furthermore, the reliability of a collaborative application relying on a single server is poor, as loss
`of the server or difficulty in its instantiatiOn completely destroys the integrity of the collaborative
`session.
`
`Multicast Networking Protocols
`
`Multicast networking protocols allow selective broadcast of messages to multiple recipients. It
`retains the complexity of direct network communication mentioned above, but is a natural choice
`for collaborative sharing. Currently, multicast is available for UDP messages, but virtually all
`UDP multicast traffic is limited to a single local—area network or, at most, a small set of connected
`local—area networks. UDP multicast,
`in its current
`implementation, could easily swamp the
`internet otherwise, as it would have to saturate the Internet with each message to find all possible
`participants.
`
`Several wide—area multicast networking protocols have been proposed, and some, such as IP
`Multicast, are in limited commercial and/or research deployment. These solutions require special
`router hardware and/or software to achieve data sharing without overwhelming the participating
`networks. Even if a standard solution were selected today,
`it would take years, or possibly
`decades, before the entire Internet infrastructure could be completely retrofitted with the new
`technology.
`
`in an attempt to conserve bandwidth, are not
`Additionally, the solutions proposed in this area.
`constructed with reliability as a concern. By using minimum spanning trees among the routers
`THE FOREGOING WAS EXPLAlNEIYI‘O (\Nl) UNDERS ()0!) In
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`
`
`Patent Owner Acceleration Bay, LLC - Ex. 2010, p. 3
`— Patent Owner Acceleration Bay, LLC - EX. 2010, p. 3
`
`
`
`BOEING PROPRIETARY
`
`December 23. 199‘) 2:2l pm
`
`involved, any router failure can partition the collaborative session.
`
`Peer—To—Peer Middleware
`
`Pecr—to—peer middleware provides the programmer with a software library that is intended to
`provide an easy—to—use abstraction, such as “publish—and—subscribe” or “shared objects,” for
`immediately sharing information among a set of collaborating processes. Hidden from the
`programmer is how the actual communication takes place.
`
`The underlying communication infrastructure may make use of a multicast network protocol, or a
`graph of point—to—point network protocols, or a combination of the two. The infrastructure in
`commercial use today, in products such as IBM’s Sametime, Data Connection’s DC—Share, and
`Microsoft’s NetMeeting,
`is
`the T.120 Internet standard. That used in the current TeleFly
`infrastructure is called the RFC Herald. Both have the user (not the programmer), assemble a
`pointwto—point graph of connections. For this reason, and others, neither is suitable for the needs
`of medium— to large—scale collaboration.
`
`T.120 Internet Standard
`
`
`
`Figure 1. T.120 connection tree.
`
`An example of a T.120 communication session is depicted in Figure 1. When first connecting to a
`session on a given host computer, a proxy process (depicted in gray and black in the figure), called
`an MCU, is instantiated by a daemon process (a resident process that listens for such requests, not
`depicted). This MCU forms a direct connection to the MCU of another host designated by the
`application user, or is designated as the root of the session (the black dot). The requesting process
`
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`Patent Owner Acceleration Bay, LLC - Ex. 2010, p. 4
`— Patent Owner Acceleration Bay, LLC - EX. 2010, p. 4
`
`
`
`BOEING PROPRIETARY
`
`December 23, l999 2:2l pm
`
`and all additional processes on the host wishing to join the session form a direct connection to the
`MCU process on that host. To share information, a process sends a message to its MCU, which is
`sent up the tree of MCUs to the root, then down the tree of MCUs and disseminated among their
`attached processes.
`
`This scheme fails to solve the problem of medium— to large—scale collaboration for a number of
`reasons. First, the responsibility of determining the topology of the connection graph is foisted off
`on the application users, which, in addition to being a nuisance to the users, is not likely to result
`in an efficient structure for performance. The most common kind of connection scheme seen in
`practice is for all host MCUs to connect directly to the root MCU.
`
`Second, the MCUs are performance, reliability, and scalability bottlenecks. All messages must be
`serialized through each MCU to a potentially large number of processes on the host. Loss of an
`MCU not only removes all of the processes on the host, but also prunes the subtree attached to it
`from the session. Furthermore, given operating system limitations, each MCU can accommodate.
`at most, about 60 client processes.
`
`Third, the need to coordinate all messages through the root MCU not only makes that process a
`performance bottleneck, and a single point of failure for the session, but also causes the speed of
`communication to be limited by the slowest host and/or communication link in the tree. For
`example, NetMeeting‘s performance is reported to be intolerable with about 20 participants.
`
`Finally, the T. 120 daemon must be installed on each host participating in a session. This requires
`additional administration and maintenance, and limits the set of hosts that can join in a session. It
`also requires an additional “well—known” port number, which must be coordinated globally
`among all computers on the Internet
`
`
`
`
` ._ THE FOREGOING WAS EXI’LAINED TO AND UNDERSTOOD BY
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`Patent Owner Acceleration Bay, LLC - Ex. 2010, p. 5
`— Patent Owner Acceleration Bay, LLC - EX. 2010, p. 5
`
`
`
`Invention Description
`
`BOEING PROPRIETARY
`
`December 23. I999 2:2l pm
`
`Channel:
`Count:
`Valence:
`Connectivity:
`6
`Diameter:
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`
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`SWAN is a communications library that allows any number of computer processes to share
`information across a wide—area network using generally available point-to—point network
`communication protocols. The SWAN solution supports peer—to—peer middleware by weaving
`together a fabric of point—to—point TCP/IP connections into a 4—regular graph with high
`connectivity and minimal latency (see Figure 2). It avoids synchronization difficulties by making
`use of the "small—world effect,” namely, using only local knowledge to achieve global properties
`of effectiveness.
`
`innovations are made in SWAN to support easy, quick, and reliable large—scale
`Several
`information sharin around the
`lobe. B usin existin Internet
`rotocols in non—invasive wa s,
`
`
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`Patent Owner Acceleration Bay, LLC - Ex. 2010, p. 6
`— Patent Owner Acceleration Bay, LLC - EX. 2010, p. 6
`
`
`
`BOEING PROPRIETARY
`
`December 23. 1999 2:2l pm
`
`
`
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`Patent Owner Acceleration Bay, LLC - Ex. 2010, p. 7
`Patent Owner Acceleration Bay, LLC - EX. 2010, p. 7
`
`
`
`BOEING PROPRIETARY
`
`December 23. I999 2:21 pm
`
`—
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`Patent Owner Acceleration Bay, LLC - Ex. 2010, p. 8
`Patent Owner Acceleration Bay, LLC - EX. 2010, p. 8
`
`
`
`BOEING l'ROl’RlE'l‘ARY
`
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`Patent Owner Acceleration Bay, LLC - Ex. 2010, p. 9
`Patent Owner Acceleration Bay, LLC - EX. 2010, p. 9
`
`
`
`BOEING PROPRIETARY
`
`December 23, 1999 2:21 pm
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`Patent Owner Acceleration Bay, LLC - Ex. 2010, p. 10
`Patent Owner Acceleration Bay, LLC - EX. 2010, p. 10
`
`
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`BOEING I’RUI’RHC'I‘ARY
`
`December 2.5, 199‘) 2:21 pm
`
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`Patent Owner Acceleration Bay, LLC - Ex. 2010, p. 11
`— Patent Owner Acceleration Bay, LLC - EX. 2010, p. 11
`
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`Patent Owner Acceleration Bay, LLC - Ex. 2010, p. 12
`Patent Owner Acceleration Bay, LLC - EX. 20 0, p. 12
`
`
`
`BOEING PROPRIETARY
`
`December 23‘ I999 2:2l
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`Patent Owner Acceleration Bay, LLC - Ex. 2010, p. 13
`Patent Owner Acceleration Bay, LLC - EX. 2010, p. 13
`
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`BOEING PROPRIETARY
`
`December 23, [999 2:21 pm
`
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`Patent Owner Acceleration Bay, LLC - Ex. 2010, p. 14
`Patent Owner Acceleration Bay, LLC - EX. 2010, p. 14
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`Patent Owner Acceleration Bay, LLC - Ex. 2010, p. 15
`Patent Owner Acceleration Bay, LLC - EX. 2010, p. 15
`
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`Patent Owner Acceleration Bay, LLC - Ex. 2010, p. 16
`Patent Owner Acceleration Bay, LLC - EX. 2010, p. 16
`
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`Patent Owner Acceleration Bay, LLC - Ex. 2010, p. 17
`Patent Owner Acceleration Bay, LLC - EX. 2010, p. 17
`
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