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`UTILITY
`9653-7TSCT2
`PATENT APPLICATION
`Steve“ Francis LeBOeuf
`NSM
`Methods and Apparatus for Generating Data Strings...
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`U.S. Patent No. 8,923,941
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`f:g';i;:‘;7,2,fi:;) 40,519
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`I' IUIHIN I” \IA'lu]
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`Application Data Sheet 37 CFR 1.76
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`Attorney Docket Number
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`9653-7TSCT2
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`Application Number
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`Title of Invention
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`METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING DATA STRINGS CONTAINING PHYSIOLOGICAL AND
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`1
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`Residence Information (Select One) @ US Residency 0 Non US Residency 0 Active US Military Service
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`Address 1
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`824 Historian Street
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`Raleigh
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`l 3701 Ramsey Creek Drive
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`27545
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`us
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`r Iulnlrvm \la-lu;
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`METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING DATA STRINGS CONTAINING PHYSIOLOGICAL AND
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`:CC \ItInH ’) ’1 4 4
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`METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING DATA STRINGS CONTAINING PHYSIOLOGICAL AND
`me Of '“Vent'on MOTION—RELATED INFORMATION
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`9653-7TSCT2
`
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`2010-01-21
`12691388
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`2009-02-25
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`61208567
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`EEC \Itlnlw ’) ’3 4 4
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`Continuity Type
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`12691388
`Claims benefit of provisional
`61274191
`}
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`2009-04-13
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`2009-08-14
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`Application Data Sheet 37 CFR 1.76
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`
`Att
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`9653-7TSCT2
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`
`Title of invention
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`METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING DATA STRINGS CONTAINING PHYSIOLOGICAL AND
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`i’lUIr‘er IH \lL-Io}
`Approved for use through 01/31/2014. OMB 0651-0032
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`Application Data Sheet 37 CFR 1.76
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`EEC \Alnk ’) ’1 44
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`Title of Invention
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`METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING DATA STRINGS CONTAINING PHYSIOLOGICAL AND
`MOTION-RELATED INFORMATION
`
`If checked, the undersigned hereby grants the USPTO authority to provide the European Patent Office (EPO),
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`37 CFR 1.55 has been filed in the instant patent application; and 3) any U.S. application-as-filed from which benefit is
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`r I UIHIN I‘Q \IL" IQ)
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`Application Data Sheet 37 CFR 1.76
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`Attorney Docket Number
`I
`I
`
`9653-7TSCT2
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`Title of Invention
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`METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING DATA STRINGS CONTAINING PHYSIOLOGICAL AND
`MOTION-RELATED INFORMATION
`
`Email Address
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`
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`Title of Invention
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`METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING DATA STRINGS CONTAINING PHYSIOLOGICAL AND
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`
`rlurnlrv I‘V UL" Ia;
`Approved for use through 01/31/2014. OMB 0651-0032
`U.S. Patent and Trademark Office; U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
`Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, no persons are required to respond to a collection of information unless it contains a valid OMB control number.
`
`,
`_
`Application Data Sheet 37 CFR 1.76
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`Attorney Docket Number
`,
`
`9653-7TSCT2
`
`This collection of information is required by 37 CFR 1.76. The information is required to obtain or retain a benefit by the public which
`is to file (and by the USPTO to process) an application. Confidentiality is governed by 35 U.S.C. 122 and 37 CFR 1.14. This
`collection is estimated to take 23 minutes to complete, including gathering, preparing, and submitting the completed application data
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`complete this form and/or suggestions for reducing this burden, should be sent to the Chief Information Officer, U.S. Patent and
`Trademark Office, U.S. Department of Commerce, PO. Box 1450, Alexandria, VA 22313-1450. DO NOT SEND FEES OR
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`
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`

`Attorney Docket No. 9653-7TSCT2
`
`RELATED APPLICATIONS
`
`This application is a continuation application of pending US. Patent
`
`Application Serial No. 12/691,388, filed January 21, 2010, which claims the benefit
`
`of and priority to US. Provisional Patent Application No. 61l208,567 filed
`
`02/25/2009, US. Provisional Patent Application No. 61l208,574 filed 02/25/2009,
`
`US. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/212,444 filed 4/13/2009, and US.
`
`Provisional Patent Application No. (31/274,191 filed 8/14/2009, the disclosures of
`
`which are incorporated herein by reference as if set forth in their entireties.
`
`METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING DATA STRINGS
`CONTAINING PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOTION—RELATED INFORMATION
`
`1
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`The present invention relates generally to headsets and, more
`
`particularly, to headset earbuds.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`There is growing market demand for personal health and
`
`environmental monitors, for example, for gauging overall health and metabolism
`
`during exercise, athletic training, dieting, daily life activities, sickness, and
`
`physical therapy. However, traditional health monitors and environmental
`
`monitors may be bulky, rigid, and uncomfortable — generally not suitable for use
`
`during daily physical activity. There is also growing interest in generating and
`
`comparing health and environmental exposure statistics of the general public
`
`and particular demographic groups. For example, collective statistics may enable
`
`the healthcare industry and medical community to direct healthcare resources to
`
`where they are most highly valued. However, methods of collecting these
`
`statistics may be expensive and laborious, often utilizing human-based
`
`recording/analysis steps at multiple sites.
`
`0009
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`FITBIT, Ex. 1002
`
`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 9653—7TSCT2
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`As such, improved ways of collecting, storing and analyzing
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`physiological information are needed. In addition, improved ways of seamlessly
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`extracting physiological information from a person during everyday life activities,
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`especially during high activity levels, may be important for enhancing fitness
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`training and healthcarequality, promoting and facilitating prevention, and
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`reducing healthcare costs.
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`SUMMARY
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`It should be appreciated that this Summary is provided to introduce
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`a selection of concepts in a simplified form, the concepts being fUrther described
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`2
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`below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key
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`features or essential features of this disclosure, nor is it intended to limit the
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`scope of the invention.
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`According to some embodiments of the present invention, a
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`headset configured to be attached to the ear of a person includes a base, an
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`earbud housing extending outwardly from the base that is configured to be
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`positioned within an ear of a subject, and a cover surrounding the earbud
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`housing. The base includes a speaker, an optical emitter, and an optical
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`detector. The cover includes light transmissive material that is in optical
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`communication with the optical emitter and the optical detector and serves as a
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`light guide to deliver light from the optical emitter into the ear canal of the subject
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`wearing the headset at one or more predetermined locations and to collect light
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`external to the earbud housing and deliver the collected light to the optical
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`detector. The optical emitter, via the light—guiding cover, directs optical energy
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`towards a particular region of ear and the optical detector detects secondary
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`optical energy emanating from the ear region. In some embodiments, the optical
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`detector may include an optical filter configured to pass secondary optical energy
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`at selective wavelengths. In some embodiments, the light transmissive material
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`of the cover may be configured, for example via the use of cladding and/or light
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`reflective material, such that the cover serves as a light guide that is coupled in
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`parallel to the optical emitter and detector. In some embodiments, the light
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`transmissive material of the cover may be configured, for example via the use of
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`cladding and/or light reflective material, such that the cover serves as a light
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`guide that is coupled perpendicular to the optical emitter and detector.
`
`0010
`
`FITBIT, Ex. 1002
`
`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 9653—7TSCT2
`
`In some embodiments, the headset may include various electronic
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`components secured to the base. For example, the headset may include one or
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`more environmental sensors configured to detect and/or measure environmental
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`conditions in a vicinity of the headset. The headset may include a signal
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`processor configured to receive and process signals produced by the optical
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`detector. For example, in some embodiments, a signal processor may be
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`configured to extract secondary optical energy and remove optical noise or
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`environmental noise. The headset may include a signal processor configured to
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`receive and process signals produced by the one or more environmental
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`sensors. In addition, the headset may include a transmitter configured to transmit
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`signals processed by the signal processor to a remote device in real time.
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`Headsets according to embodiments of the present invention may utilize, for
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`example, Bluetooth®, Wi—Fi, ZigBee, or other wireless transmitters.
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`In some embodiments, a housing is secured to and overlies the
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`base so as to enclose and protect the speaker, optical emitter and optical
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`detector, as well as other electronic components secured to the base (e.g.,
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`3
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`optical emitter and/or to focus collected light toward the optical detector. In some
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`sensors, processor, transmitter etc.).
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`The earbud housing is in acoustical communication with the
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`speaker and has at least one aperture through which sound from the speaker
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`can pass. The light-guiding cover surrounding the earbud housing also includes
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`at least one aperture through which sound from the speaker can pass. The cover
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`may be formed from a soft, resilient material, such as silicone which deforms
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`when inserted within an ear canal of a subject. In some embodiments, the cover
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`includes an alignment member that facilitates alignment of the earbud housing
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`within an ear canal of a subject.
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`Light directed into the ear of a subject from a light emitter and the
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`subsequent collection of light at a light detector, according to embodiments of
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`the present invention, may be utilized for detecting and/or measuring, among
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`other things, body temperature, skin temperature, blood gas levels, muscle
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`tension, heart rate, blood flow, cardiopulmonary functions, etc.
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`In some embodiments of the present invention, the light—guiding
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`cover may include a lens that is in optical communication with the optical emitter
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`and/0r optical detector. The lens may be configured to focus light emitted by the
`
`0011
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`FITBIT, Ex. 1002
`
`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 9653-7TSCT2
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`embodiments, multiple lenses may be incorporated into a light—guiding cover.
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`In some embodiments, the light-guiding cover may include a light
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`diffusion region in optical communication with the light transmissive material that
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`diffuses light emitted by the optical detector.
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`In some embodiments, the light—guiding cover may include a
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`luminescence-generating region, such as a phosphor—containing region, that is in
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`optical communication with the light transmissive material. The luminescence—
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`generating region may be embedded within the light—guiding cover and/or on a
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`surface of the light-guiding cover. The luminescence—generating region is
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`configured to receive light emitted by the optical emitter and convert at least a
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`portion of the received light to light having a different wavelength from that of the
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`received light.
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`In some embodiments, the light-guiding cover includes one or more
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`grooves formed therein. Each groove is configured to direct external light to the
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`optical detector.
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`In some embodiments, the light transmissive material of the light-
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`guiding cover is configured to direct light from the optical emitter to a plurality of
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`locations at an outer surface of the cover for delivery into an ear canal of a
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`4
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`guiding cover is a translucent material or includes translucent material in
`selected locations.
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`subject.
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`In some embodiments, the light transmissive material of the light—
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`In some embodiments, a light reflective material is on at least a
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`portion of one or both of the inner and outer surfaces of the light-guiding cover.
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`According to some embodiments of the present invention, a light-
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`guiding earbud for a headset includes light transmissive material that is in optical
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`communication with an optical emitter and optical detector associated with the
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`headset. The light transmissive material is configured to deliver light from the
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`optical emitter into the ear canal of a subject at one or more predetermined
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`locations and to collect light external to the earbud housing and deliver the
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`collected light to the optical detector. In some embodiments, the light emitter and
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`light detector may be integral with the earbud. For example, in some
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`embodiments, a flexible optical emitter is incorporated within the earbud and is in
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`optical communication with the light transmissive material.
`
`0012
`
`FITBIT, Ex. 1002
`
`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 9653-7TSCT2
`
`In some embodiments, an earbud includes at least one lens in
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`optical communication with the light transmissive material. Each lens may be
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`configured to focus light from the optical emitter onto one or more predetermined
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`locations in the ear of a subject and/or to focus collected external light onto the
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`optical detector
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`In some embodiments of the present invention, an earbud may
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`include luminescent material. Luminescent light is generated from optical
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`excitation of the luminescent material by an optical emitter.
`In some embodiments of the present invention, an earbud may
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`5
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`integrate a sensor module containing a plurality of sensor elements for
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`measuring physiological information and at least one noise source for measuring
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`noise information. A "noise source", as used herein, refers to a sensor, such as
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`an optical sensor, inertial sensor, electrically conductive sensor, capacitive
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`sensor, inductive sensor, etc., and derives it name from the fact that it is a
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`source of input to a filter, such as an adaptive filter described below.
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`The physiological sensors of the sensor module may generate a
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`signal that includes physiological information plus noise information. The noise
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`may be removed by combining the physiological information and noise
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`information from the sensor module with noise information from the noise source
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`of the sensor module via an electronic filtering method, such as a signal
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`processing technique. Specific examples of such signal processing techniques
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`include FIR (Finite Impulse Response), IIR (Infinite Impulse Response),
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`informatics, machine learning, and adaptive filter methods. The output of the
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`adaptive filter may be a physiological signal that is wholly or partially free of
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`noise. In some embodiments, motion-related noise from a subject activity such
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`as running may be removed from the physiological plus noise signal generated
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`by a photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor for measuring blood constituent levels
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`or blood flow properties, such as blood oxygen level, V02, or heart rate.
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`In some embodiments of the present invention, the noise source
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`input of an adaptive filter may include a “blocked channel” of optical energy, an
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`inertial sensor, or environmental energy. In some embodiments, the
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`environmental energy may be unwanted ambient optical noise.
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`In some embodiments of the present invention, a
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`processor/multiplexer processes physiological signals and noise signals into a
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`0013