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`I d
`9653-7TSCT5
`UTILITY
`PATENT APPLICATION
`First Nomed Inventor Steven Francis LeBoeuf
`TRANSMITTAL
`
`Attorney Docket No.
`
`'
`
`Title
`
`Wearable Light-Guiding Devices ...
`
`(Only for new nonprovlsional applications under 37 CFR 1.53(b))
`
`Express Mall Label No.
`
`~
`
`/
`
`'-
`
`APPLICATION ELEMENTS
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`Apple Inc.
`APL1002 Part 1 of 2
`U.S. Patent No. 8,989,830
`
`0001
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`FITBIT, Ex. 1002 - Part 1
`
`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 9653-7TSCT5
`
`WEARABLE LIGHT-GUIDING DEVICES
`FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL MONITORING
`
`RELATED. APPLICATIONS
`
`5
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`This application is a continuation application of pending U.S. Patent
`Application Serial No. 14/184,364 1 filed February 19, 2014, which is a continuation
`application of U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 12/691,388, filed January 21 I
`2010, now U.S. Patent No. 8,700,111 I and which claims the benefit of and priority
`to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/208,567 filed February 25, 2009,
`U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/208,574 filed February 25, 2009, U.S.
`Provisional Patent Application No. 61/212,444 filed April13, 2009, and U.S.
`Provisional Patent Application No. 61/274,191 filed August 14,2009, the
`disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference as if set forth in their
`entireties.
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`The present invention relates generally to headsets and, more
`particularly, to headset earbuds.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`There is growing market demand for personal health and
`environmental monitors, for example, for gauging overall health and metabolism
`during exercise, athletic training, dieting, daily life activities, sickness, and
`physical therapy. However, traditional health monitors and environmental
`monitors may be bulky, rigid, and uncomfortable- generally not suitable for use
`during daily physical activity. There is also growing interest in generating and
`comparing health and environmental exposure statistics of the general public
`and particular demographic groups. For example, collective statistics may enable
`the healthcare industry and medical community to direct healthcare resources to
`where they are most highly valued. However, methods of collecting these
`
`1
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`0002
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`FITBIT, Ex. 1002 - Part 1
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`

`Attorney Docket No. 9653-7TSCT5
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`statistics may be expensive and laborious, often utilizing human-based
`
`recording/analysis steps at multiple sites.
`
`As such, improved ways of collecting, storing and analyzing
`
`physiological information are needed. In addition, improved ways of seamlessly
`
`5
`
`extracting physiological information from a person during everyday life activities,
`
`especially during high activity levels, may be important for enhancing fitness
`
`training and healthcare quality, promoting and facilitating prevention, and
`
`reducing healthcare costs.
`
`10
`
`SUMMARY
`It should be appreciated that this Summary is provided to introduce
`
`a selection of concepts in a simplified form, the concepts being further described
`
`below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key
`
`features or essential features of this disclosure, nor is it intended to limit the
`
`15
`
`scope of the invention .
`
`. According to some embodiments of the present invention, a
`
`headset configured to be attached to the ear of a person includes a base, an
`
`earbud housing extending outwardly from the base that is configured to be
`
`positioned within an ear of a subject, and a cover surrounding the earbud
`
`20
`
`housing. The base includes a speaker, an optical emitter, and an optical
`
`detector. The cover includes light transmissive material that is in optical
`
`communication with the optical emitter and the optical detector and serves as a
`
`light guide to deliver light from the optical emitter into the ear canal of the subject
`
`wearing the headset at one or more predetermined locations and to collect light
`
`25
`
`external to the earbud housing and deliver the collected light to the optical
`
`detector. The optical emitter, via the light-guiding cover, directs optical energy
`
`towards a particular region of ear and the optical detector detects secondary
`
`optical energy emanating from the ear region. In some embodiments, the optical
`
`detector may include an optical filter configured to pass secondary optical energy
`
`30
`
`at selective wavelengths. In some embodiments, the light transmissive material
`
`of the cover may be configured, for example via the use of cladding and/or light
`
`reflective material, such that the cover serves as a light guide that is coupled in
`
`parallel to the optical emitter and detector. In some embodiments, the light
`
`transmissive material of the cover may be configured, for example via the use of
`2
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`0003
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`FITBIT, Ex. 1002 - Part 1
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`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 9653-7TSCT5
`
`cladding and/or light reflective material, such that the cover serves as a light
`
`guide that is coupled perpendicular to the optical emitter and detector.
`
`In some embodiments, the headset may include various electronic
`
`components secured to the base. For example, the headset may include one or
`
`s more environmental sensors configured to detect and/or measure environmental
`
`conditions in a vicinity of the headset. The headset may include a signal
`
`processor configured to receive and process signals produced by the optical
`
`detector. For example, in some embodiments, a signal processor may be
`
`configured to extract secondary optical energy and remove optical noise or
`
`10
`
`environmental noise. The headset may include a signal processor configured to
`
`receive and process signals produced by the one or more environmental
`
`sensors. In addition, the headset may include a transmitter configured to transmit
`
`signals processed by the signal processor to a remote device in real time.
`
`Headsets according to embodiments of the present invention may utilize, for
`
`15
`
`example, Bluetooth®, Wi-Fi, ZigBee, or other wireless transmitters.
`
`In some embodiments, a housing is secured to and overlies the
`
`base so as to enclose and protect the speaker, optical emitter and optical
`
`detector, as well as other electronic components secured to the base (e.g.,
`
`sensors, processor, transmitter etc.).
`
`20
`
`The earbud housing is in acoustical communication with the
`
`speaker and has at least one aperture through which sound from the speaker
`
`can pass. The light-guiding cover surrounding the earbud housing also includes
`
`at least one aperture through which sound from the speaker can pass. The cover
`
`may be formed from a soft, resilient material, such as silicone which deforms
`
`25 when inserted within an ear canal of a subject. In some embodiments, the cover
`
`includes an alignment member that facilitates alignment of the earbud housing
`
`within an ear canal of a subject.
`Light directed into the ear of a subject from a light emitter and the
`
`subsequent collection of light at a light detector, according to embodiments of
`
`30
`
`the present invention, may be utilized for detecting and/or measuring, among
`
`other things, body temperature, skin temperature, blood gas levels, muscle
`
`tension, heart rate, blood flow, cardiopulmonary functions, etc.
`
`In some embodiments of the present invention, the light-guiding
`
`cover may include a lens that is in optical communication with the optical emitter
`3
`
`0004
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`FITBIT, Ex. 1002 - Part 1
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`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 9653-7TSCT5
`
`and/or optical detector. The lens may be configured to focus light emitted by the
`
`optical emitter and/or to focus collected light toward the optical detector. In some
`
`embodiments, multiple lenses may be incorporated into a light-guiding cover.
`
`In some embodiments, the light-guiding cover may include a light
`
`5
`
`diffusion region in optical communication with the light transmissive material that
`
`diffuses light emitted by the optical detector.
`
`In some embodiments, the light-guiding cover may include a
`
`luminescence-generating region, such as a phosphor-containing region, that is in
`
`optical communication with the light transmissive material. The luminescence-
`
`10
`
`generating region may be embedded within the light-guiding cover and/or on a
`
`surface of the light-guiding cover. The luminescence-generating region is
`
`configured to receive light emitted by the optical emitter and convert at least a
`
`portion of the received light to light having a different wavelength from that of the
`
`received light.
`In some embodiments, the light-guiding cover includes one or more
`
`15
`
`grooves formed therein. Each groove is configured to direct external light to the
`
`optical detector.
`
`In some embodiments, the light transmissive material of the light(cid:173)
`
`guiding cover is configured to direct light from the optical emitter to a plurality of
`
`20
`
`locations at an outer surface of the cover for delivery into an ear canal of a
`
`subject.
`
`In some embodiments, the light transmissive material of the light(cid:173)
`
`guiding cover is a translucent material or includes translucent material in
`
`selected locations.
`In some embodiments, a light reflective material is on at least a
`
`25
`
`portion of one or both of the inner and outer surfaces of the light-guiding cover.
`According to some embodiments of the present invention, a light(cid:173)
`
`guiding earbud for a headset includes light transmissive material that is in optical
`
`communication with an optical emitter and optical detector associated with the
`
`30
`
`headset. The light transmissive material is configured to deliver light from the
`
`optical emitter into the ear canal of a subject at one or more predetermined
`
`locations and to collect light external to the earbud housing and deliver the
`
`collected light to the optical detector. In some embodiments, the light emitter and
`
`light detector may be integral with the earbud. For example, in some
`4
`
`0005
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`FITBIT, Ex. 1002 - Part 1
`
`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 9653-7TSCT5
`
`embodiments, a flexible optical emitter is incorporated within the earbud and is in
`
`optical communication with the light transmissive material.
`
`In some embodiments, an earbud includes at least one lens in
`
`optical communication with the light transmissive material. Each lens may be
`
`5
`
`configured to focus light from the optical emitter onto one or more predetermined
`
`locations in the ear of a subject and/or to focus collected external light onto the
`
`optical detector.
`
`In some embodiments of the present invention, an earbud may
`
`include luminescent material. Luminescent light is generated from optical
`
`10
`
`excitation of the luminescent material by an optical emitter.
`
`In some embodiments of the present invention, an earbud may
`
`integrate a sensor module containing a plurality of sensor elements for
`
`measuring physiological information and at least one noise source for measuring
`
`noise information. A "noise source", as used herein, refers to a sensor, such as
`
`15
`
`an optical sensor, inertial sensor, electrically conductive sensor, capacitive
`
`sensor, inductive sensor, etc., and derives it name from the fact that it is a
`
`source of input to a filter, such as an adaptive filter described below.
`
`The physiological sensors of the sensor module may generate a
`
`signal that includes physiological information plus noise information. The noise
`
`20 may be removed by combining the physiological information and noise
`
`information from the sensor module with noise information from the noise source
`
`of the sensor module via an electronic filtering method, such as a signal
`
`processing technique. Specific examples of such signal processing techniques
`
`include FIR (Finite Impulse Response), IIR (Infinite Impulse Response),
`
`25
`
`informatics, machine learning, and adaptive filter methods. The output of the
`
`adaptive filter may be a physiological signal that is wholly or partially free of
`
`noise. In some embodiments, motion-related noise from a subject activity such
`
`as running may be removed from the physiological plus noise signal generated
`
`30
`
`by a photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor for measuring blood constituent levels
`or blood flow properties, such as blood oxygen level, V02 , or heart rate.
`In some embodiments of the present invention, the noise source
`
`input of an adaptive filter may include a "blocked channel" of optical energy, an
`
`inertial sensor, or environmental energy. In some embodiments, the
`
`environmental energy may be unwanted ambient optical noise.
`5
`
`0006
`
`FITBIT, Ex. 1002 - Part 1
`
`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 9653-7TSCT5
`
`In some embodiments of the present invention, a
`
`processor/multiplexor processes physiological signals and noise signals into a
`
`data string. This data string may contain information relating to physiological
`
`information and motion-related information. The processing method may include
`
`5
`
`signal processing techniques such as pre-adaptive signal conditioning, adaptive
`
`filtering, and parameter extraction.
`
`In some embodiments, an earbud includes one or more sensor
`
`modules that includes one or more sensors for sensing physiological information
`
`and environmental information, such as noise, for example. As such, the earbud
`
`10 may function as a physiological monitor as well as an environmental monitor. In
`
`some embodiments, the earbud may include a microprocessor that is in
`
`electrical communication with the sensor module(s). For example, a
`
`microprocessor incorporated into an earbud may be configured to execute an
`
`adaptive filter algorithm to remove noise from at least one signal generated by a
`
`15
`
`sensor module in the earbud. A microprocessor may also be configured to
`
`process information from the one or more sensors to generate a digital output
`
`string, wherein the digital output string includes a plurality of physiological and
`
`motion-related information.
`Physiological sensors that may be incorporated into headsets
`
`20
`
`and/or earbuds, according to some embodiments of the present invention, may
`
`be configured to detect and/or measure one or more of the following types of
`
`physiological information: heart rate, pulse rate, breathing rate, blood flow, V02,
`V02max, heartbeat signatures, cardio-pulmonary health, organ health,
`metabolism, electrolyte type and/or concentration, physical activity, caloric
`
`25
`
`intake, caloric metabolism, blood metabolite levels or ratios, blood pH level,
`
`physical and/or psychological stress levels and/or stress level indicators, drug
`
`dosage and/or dosimetry, physiological drug reactions, drug chemistry,
`
`biochemistry, position and/or balance, body strain, neurological functioning, brain
`
`activity, brain waves, blood pressure, cranial pressure, hydration level,
`
`30
`
`auscultatory information, auscultatory signals associated with pregnancy,
`
`physiological response to infection, skin and/or core body temperature, eye
`
`muscle movement, blood volume, inhaled and/or exhaled breath volume,
`
`physical exertion, exhaled breath physical and/or chemical composition, the
`
`presence and/or identity and/or concentration of viruses and/or bacteria, foreign
`6
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`0007
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`FITBIT, Ex. 1002 - Part 1
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`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 9653-7TSCT5
`
`matter in the body, internal toxins, heavy metals in the body, anxiety, fertility,
`
`ovulation, sex hormones, psychological mood, sleep patterns, hunger and/or
`
`thirst, hormone type and/or concentration, cholesterol, lipids, blood panel, bone
`
`density, organ and/or body weight, reflex response, sexual arousal, mental
`
`5
`
`and/or physical alertness, sleepiness, auscultatory information, response to
`
`external stimuli, swallowing volume, swallowing rate, sickness, voice
`
`characteristics, voice tone, voice pitch, voice volume, vital signs, head tilt,
`
`allergic reactions, inflammation response, auto-immune response, mutagenic
`
`response, DNA, proteins, protein levels in the blood, water content of the blood,
`
`10
`
`pheromones, internal body sounds, digestive system functioning, cellular
`
`regeneration response, healing response, stem cell regeneration response, etc.
`
`Environmental sensors that may be incorporated into headsets
`
`and/or earbuds, according to some embodiments of the present invention, may
`
`be configured to detect and/or measure one or more of the following types of
`
`15
`
`environmental information: climate, humidity, temperature, pressure, barometric
`
`pressure, soot density, airborne particle density, airborne particle size, airborne
`
`particle shape, airborne particle identity, volatile organic chemicals (VOCs),
`
`hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), carcinogens, toxins,
`
`electromagnetic energy, optical radiation, X-rays, gamma rays, microwave
`
`20
`
`radiation, terahertz radiation, ultraviolet radiation, infrared radiation, radio waves,
`
`atomic energy alpha particles, atomic energy beta-particles, gravity, light
`
`intensity, light frequency, light flicker, light phase, ozone, carbon monoxide,
`
`carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, sulfides, airborne pollution, foreign material in the
`
`air, viruses, bacteria, signatures from chemical weapons, wind, air turbulence,
`
`25
`
`sound and/or acoustical energy, ultrasonic energy, noise pollution, human
`
`voices, animal sounds, diseases expelled from others, exhaled breath and/or
`
`breath constituents of others, toxins from others, pheromones from others,
`
`industrial and/or transportation sounds, allergens, animal hair, pollen, exhaust
`
`from engines, vapors and/or fumes, fuel, signatures for mineral deposits and/or
`
`30
`
`oil deposits, snow, rain, thermal energy, hot surfaces, hot gases, solar energy,
`
`hail, ice, vibrations, traffic, the number of people in a vicinity of the person,
`
`coughing and/or sneezing sounds from people in the vicinity of the person,
`
`loudness and/or pitch from those speaking in the vicinity of the person.
`
`According to some embodiments of the present invention, earbuds
`7
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`0008
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`Attorney Docket No. 9653-7TSCT5
`
`for headsets may include a chipset having at least one sensor element, noise
`
`source element, signal processor, inpuUoutput line, digital control, and power
`
`regulator.
`
`Light-guiding earbuds according to the various embodiments of the
`
`5
`
`present invention may be utilized with mono headsets (i.e., headsets having one
`
`earbud) as well as stereo headsets (i.e., headsets having two earbuds).
`
`Additionally, the light-guiding region of earbuds, according to embodiments of
`
`the present invention, may be integrated not only into an earbud cover and
`
`earbud housing, but also into each or all components of an earbud. Moreover,
`
`10
`
`light-guiding earbuds according to the various embodiments of the present
`invention may be utilized with hearing aids, body jewelry, or any other
`
`attachment that can be placed near the head region, such as eye glasses or
`
`shades, a headband, a cap, helmet, visor, or the like.
`
`According to some embodiments of the present invention, a
`
`15 monitoring device includes a circular band capable of encircling a finger of a
`
`subject, and a base having an optical emitter and an optical detector attached to
`
`the circular band. The circular band includes light transmissive material in optical
`
`communication with the optical emitter and optical detector that is configured to
`
`deliver light from the optical emitter to one or more portions of the finger of the
`
`20
`
`subject and to collect light from one or more portions of the finger of the subject
`
`and deliver the collected light to the optical detector. In some embodiments, the
`
`circular band includes first and second concentric body portions.
`
`In some embodiments, the circular band includes a lens region in
`
`optical communication with the optical emitter that focuses light emitted by the
`
`25
`
`optical emitter and/or that collects light reflected from a finger. In some
`
`embodiments the circular band includes a phosphor-containing region in optical
`
`communication with the light transmissive material, wherein the phosphor(cid:173)
`
`containing region receives light emitted by the optical emitter and converts at
`
`least a portion of the received light to light having a different wavelength from the
`
`30
`
`received light.
`In some embodiments, the light transmissive material of the
`
`circular band has an outer surface and an inner surface, and a cladding material,
`
`such as light reflective material, is on (or near) at least a portion of one or both of
`
`the inner and outer surfaces.
`
`8
`
`0009
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`FITBIT, Ex. 1002 - Part 1
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`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 9653-7TSCT5
`
`In some embodiments, the base includes one or more of the
`
`following: a signal processor configured to receive and process signals produced
`
`by the optical detector, a transmitter configured to transmit signals processed by
`
`the signal processor to a remote device.
`
`5
`
`According to some embodiments of the present invention, a
`
`monitoring device configured to be attached to the body of a subject includes a
`
`base having an optical emitter and an optical detector, and light transmissive
`
`material attached to the base. The light transmissive material is in optical
`
`communication with the optical emitter and optical detector and is configured to
`
`10
`
`deliver light from the optical emitter to one or more portions of the body of the
`
`subject and to collect light from one or more portions of the body of the subject
`
`and deliver the collected light to the optical detector. The light transmissive
`
`material may include adhesive material in one or more locations that is
`
`configured to adhesively secure the device to the body of the subject.
`In some embodiments, an outer body portion is attached to the
`
`15
`
`base and to the light transmissive material. The outer body portion may include
`
`adhesive material in one or more locations that is configured to adhesively
`
`secure the device to the body of the subject.
`
`In some embodiments, the light transmissive material includes a
`
`20
`
`lens region that is in optical communication with the optical emitter and that
`
`focuses light emitted by the optical emitter and/or that collects light reflected from
`
`a finger. In some embodiments, the light transmissive material includes a
`
`phosphor-containing region that receives light emitted by the optical emitter and
`
`converts at least a portion of the received light to light having a different
`
`25 wavelength from the received light. In some embodiments, the light transmissive
`
`material has an outer surface and an inner surface, and a light reflective material
`
`is disposed on or near at least a portion of one or both of the inner and outer
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`surfaces.
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`In some embodiments, the base includes one or more of the
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`30
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`following: a signal processor configured to receive and process signals produced
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`by the optical detector, a transmitter configured to transmit signals processed by
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`the signal processor to a remote device.
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`It is noted that aspects of the invention described with respect to
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`one embodiment may be incorporated in a different embodiment although not
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`Attorney Docket No. 9653-7TSCT5
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`specifically described relative thereto. That is, all embodiments and/or features
`
`of any embodiment can be combined in any way and/or combination. Applicant
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`reserves the right to change any originally filed claim or file any new claim
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`accordingly, including the right to be able to amend any originally filed claim to
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`5
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`depend from and/or incorporate any feature of any other claim although not
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`originally claimed in that manner. These and other objects and/or aspects of the
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`present invention are explained in detail below.
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`10
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`15
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`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
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`The accompanying drawings, which form a part of the specification,
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`illustrate various embodiments of the present invention. The drawings and
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`description together serve to fully explain embodiments of the present invention.
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`Fig. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a headset with a light(cid:173)
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`guiding earbud, according to some embodiments of the present invention.
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`Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a stereo headset incorporating light(cid:173)
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`guiding earbuds, according to some embodiments of the present invention.
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`Fig. 3 is a side section view of a light-guiding earbud for a headset,
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`according to some embodiments of the present invention.
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`Figs. 4A-4D are side section views of light-guiding earbuds for a
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`20
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`headset, according to some embodiments of the present invention.
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`Fig. 5 is a side section view of a light-guiding earbud for a headset,
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`according to some embodiments of the present invention.
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`Fig. 6 is a side section view of a light-guiding earbudJor a headset,
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`according to some embodiments of the present invention.
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`25
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`Fig. 7 A is a side section view of a light-guiding earbud for a
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`headset, according to some embodiments of the present invention.
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`Fig. 78 is a perspective view of a flexible optical emitter utilized in
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`the earbud of Fig. 7 A, according to some embodiments of the present invention.
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`Fig. 8A is a side section view of a light-guiding earbud for a
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`30
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`headset, according to some embodiments of the present invention.
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`Fig. 88 is a cross-sectional view of the earbud of Fig. 8A taken
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`along lines 88-88.
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`Fig. 8C is a side section view of a light-guiding earbud for a
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`headset, according to some embodiments of the present invention.
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`Attorney Docket No. 9653-7TSCT5
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`Fig. 80 is a side section view of a light-guiding earbud for a
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`headset, according to some embodiments of the present invention.
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`Fig. 9A is a side section view of a light-guiding earbud for a
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`headset, according to some embodiments of the present invention.
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`5
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`Fig. 98 is a cross-sectional view of the earbud of Fig. 9A taken
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`along lines 98-98.
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`Fig. 9C illustrates luminescent particles within the earbud cover of
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`Figs. 9A-98, according to some embodiments of the present invention.
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`Fig. 90 is a side section view of a light-guiding earbud for a
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`10
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`headset, according to some embodiments of the present invention.
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`Fig. 9E is a cross-sectional view of the earbud of Fig. 90 taken
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`along lines 9E-9E.
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`Fig. 10 illustrates various anatomy of a human ear.
`Fig. 11A is a side section view of a light-guiding earbud for a
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`15
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`headset, according to some embodiments of the present invention.
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`Fig. 118 is a cross-sectional view of the earbud of Fig. 11A taken
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`along lines 118-11 B.
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`Figs. 12A-128 illustrate respective opposite sides of a sensor
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`module that may be located near the periphery of an earbud, according to some
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`20
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`embodiments of the present invention.
`Fig. 13 illustrates an adaptive filter and noise source for removing
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`noise from a noisy physiological signal, according to some embodiments of the
`
`present invention.
`Figs. 14A~14D are respective graphs of time-dependent data
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`25
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`collected from a light-guiding earbud worn by a person, according to some
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`embodiments of the present invention.
`Fig. 15 is a graph of processed physiological signal data from a
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`headset having one or more light-guiding earbuds, according to some
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`embodiments of the present invention.
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`30
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`Fig. 16 is a flow chart of operations for extracting physiological
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`information from headset sensor signals, according to some embodiments of the
`
`present invention.
`Fig. 17 is a block diagram that illustrates sensor signals being
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`processed into a digital data string including activity data and physiological data,
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`Attorney Docket No. 9653-7TSCT5
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`according to some embodiments of the present invention.
`
`Fig. 18 illustrates a digital data string, according to some
`
`embodiments of the present invention.
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`Fig. 19 illustrates the optical interaction between the sensor
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`5 module of Figs. 12A-128 and the skin of a subject.
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`Fig. 20 illustrates a chipset for use in a headset, according to some
`
`embodiments of the present invention.
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`Fig. 21 illustrates a chipset for use in a stereo headset, according
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`to some embodiments of the present invention.
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`Fig. 22A is a top plan view of a monitoring device configured to be
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`attached to finger of a subject, according to some embodiments of the present
`
`invention.
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`Fig. 228 is a cross-sectional view of the monitoring device of Fig.
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`22A taken along lines 228-228.
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`Fig. 23 is a side view of a monitoring device configured to be
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`attached to the body of a subject, according to some embodiments of the
`
`present invention.
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`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
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`The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter
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`with reference to the accompany