`
`- ay UK Patent Application ..GB «2 079 453 A
`
`
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`journey starting and finishing positions,
`using driver-selected optimisation
`criteria. Map datais stored in a storage
`unit 32, entered manually or verbally by
`a driver-operable entry module 26. The
`selected route is stored in the storage
`unit 32, and serves to provide with an
`instruction during each route-stage,
`eachinstruction being announced to
`the driver when a vehicle-position feed-
`back signal from a feedback device 40
`correspondswith a position reference
`signal containedin the instruction.
`Additional signals may be included to
`cancel an announcedinstruction and
`replace it by the next whenthe position
`feedback signal correspondsto the
`additional reference signal.
`Instructions are announced vocally 36
`or visually 34. Position feedback signals
`are deriveddirectly or indirectly from
`position feedback devices 40, which
`may give output signals dependent
`upon elapsed-time 40A,distance travel-
`led 40B,or actual vehicle position 40C-
`40F,
`
`.
`
`(54) Route selection and guidance
`apparatus and method
`
`(57) Route selection and guidance
`apparatusfora vehicle includes a digit-
`al data processor 18 controlled by pro-
`gramsstored in a ROM 30to select an
`
`(51)
`
`(21) Application No 8021522
`(22) Date offiling 1 Jul 1980
`(43) Application published
`20 Jan 1982
`INTCL?
`G01C 21/00
`(52) Domestic classification
`G1F 1H
`(56) Documentscited
`GB 2013890A
`GB 2013018A
`GB 1414490
`GB 1227531
`GB 1209652
`GB 1206694
`GB 1113522
`Field of search
`GIF
`G5R
`(71) Applicants
`Harold John Wootton,
`12 Milburn Walk,
`Epsom,
`Surrey KT18 5IN.
`Inventors
`Harold John Wootton
`(74) Agents
`Saunders & Dolleymore,
`2a Main Avenue,
`MoorPark,
`Northwood,
`Middx. HAG 2HJ.
`
`(58)
`
`(72)
`
`optimum route between driver-selected PROCESSOR
`
`1g
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`ROM
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`Sounps|
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`| _38 b=
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`I_—|__4
`———P
`70 VEHICLE TRANSMISSION
`SYSTEM
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`—_|
`
`Veo76202aD
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`GB 2 079 453 A
`1
`at
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`SPECIFICATION
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`Route selection and guidance apparatus and method
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`This invention relates to an apparatus and methodforproviding a driver of a driver-controlled vehicle with
`information identifying successive sections of a route to be followed, so as to enable the vehicle to be driven
`from a selected starting point to a selected finishing point. In the specification the term “vehicle”is intended
`to cover any form of movingcraft the route of which over land or sea,or in the air, is dependent on a driver or
`pilot action to direct the craft along successive sections of a selected route.
`Thoughin the description that follows the invention will be describedin relation to the driving of a land
`vehicle along roads, the invention may also be applied to the navigation of boats along waterways or across
`the opensea, and alsoto the piloting of an air-craft through the sky.
`it has been shownrecently by transport planning authorities that in the United Kingdom the distance
`travelled by all vehicles in getting to their destinations is some 6 per cent greater than that which was
`actually necessary for the performanceof the required journeys. Such an over-travel represents a loss to the
`United Kingdom economyof some 1500 million pounds. Hence, a meansfor enabling this over-travel to be
`reduced would be a substantial benefit to those who make the journeys, and to the UK economy.
`The basic source of route information for the modernroad vehicle driver has beentraditionally the printed
`map, and from that the driver (or some oneacting for him) has determined, according to his ownintuitive
`criteria, and his own personal assessmentof factors such as road conditions and congestion, the route that
`he should follow in making any particular journey.
`Thus,the preliminaries to a road journey included the making of an analysis and an assessmentofthe
`possible alternative routes between the starting and finishing positions, and a selection ofthe route to be
`followed, and possibly the writing down ofthat route for subsequent reference during the journey. This
`involved someconsiderable time andeffort, and for best results an up-to-date knowledge of the geography
`andtraffic conditions prevailing on the variousroute sections shown on the map.
`For the private motorist, particularly, this problem of route selection has beenaidedbythe professional
`motoring organisations, which have provided on request special printed route maps complete with
`accompanying written instructions for the guidanceof the driveror navigator during the course of the
`journey. Unfortunately, such route maps and instructions usually required the makingof a specific request
`some days before the intended departure on the journey, so that the relevant route could be selected and the
`relevant map sectionsand instructions compiled for despatchto the intending traveller.
`Furthermore, the followingof such a set of route instructions required the driver or nagivatorto be ever
`attentive as to his exact position on the route map and instruction set, so that he could anticipate his arrival
`at the next mentioned cross-roadsor turning. Moreover it was necessary for him to constantly memorize the
`next guidance instruction apertainingto the next route section.
`Though suchspecial route maps and guidance instruction sets wereof great benefit to the motorist, they
`had the disadvantageof involving anotherparty in the selection and preparation of a route and alsothat
`once preparedthe driver could not expeditiously or easily modify the map and guidanceinstruction set to
`deal with unforeseen conditions or events such as for exampletraffic diversions or adverse road conditions
`due for example to accidents or weather.
`Accordingtoa first aspect of the present invention there is providedin or for a vehicle {as hereinbefore
`defined), a route guidance apparatus comprising:-
`(a)
`instruction producing means for producing in sequence from a pre-planned route individual
`route-stage instructions each defining an action to be taken bya driverof a vehicle at the end of an
`associated route-stage, each suchinstruction including a reference signal representing the intended vehicle
`position at the point along the associated route-stageat whichthe instruction should be announcedto the
`driver for subsequentaction by him;
`(b)
`feedback signalproducing meansfor producing feed back signals representative of the progress of
`the vehicle along the route-stage, each such feedback signal being representative directly or indirectly ofthe
`position of the vehicle on said route-stage;
`(c)_
`instruction announcing meansfor announcingto the driver, on its being activated, a said instruction
`represented by output signals of the instruction producing means;
`(d)
`signal comparison meansfor comparing during each said route-stage said reference and feedback
`signals and for activating said instruction announcing means whensaid reference and feedbacksignals
`correspond, thereby to announceto the driver the instruction associated with the said referencesignal, and
`(e)
`activating meansfor activating said instruction producing meanstherebyto causeit to produce the
`next route-stage instruction in the sequence in place of a current one.
`Said activating means maybe driver-operable; though in a preferred apparatus each route-stage
`instruction producedby said instruction producing means also includesan additional reference signal which
`represents the intended vehicle position at the end ofthe associated route-stage, at which position the driver
`should act on that instruction; and thereis included comparison means for comparing during each
`route-stage said feedback and additional reference signals and forstimulating said activating means when
`said feedback and additional reference signals correspond, thereby to cause said instruction producing
`maanstoprpduce the next route-stage instruction in the sequence in place ofthe current one.Unified Patents Exhibit 1009
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`2 GB 2 079 453 A
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`In one form of guidance apparatus according to the present inventionsaid instruction producing meansis
`arranged to store a plurality of sets of route-stage instructions for enabling a driver to be guided along
`various routes respectively; andsaid instruction producing meansincludesdriver-operable route selection
`meansfor enabling a driver to select from said various routes a specific one along which he wishes to be
`5 guided, said instruction producing meansbeing operative on selection of route to a produce insequenceand <5
`as required by said activating meansthe successive route-stage instructions apertaining to the selected
`route.
`Advantageously said route selection meansincludes driver-operable selection meansfor identifying the
`starting and finishing positions of a journey for which guidanceis required, and meansfor automatically
`selecting from saidplurality of sets of route-stage instructions the set having the driver-identified starting
`andfinishing positions, thereby to cause the desired set of route-stage instructions to be producedin
`sequence andas required bysaid activating means.
`In a preferred form of guidance apparatus accordingto the presentinvention said instruction producing
`means includes
`a route compiling meansfor compiling each said pre-planned route on being required bya driver, and
`a driver-operable journey selection meansfor identifying the starting and finishing positions of a journey
`for which guidanceis required; and
`said route compiling meansincludes-
`(a) adata processing means,
`(b} amap data storage means for storing map data defining and describing the respective road sections
`of a road system on a predetermined map section, each such roadsection being a length of road lying
`between adjacent points at which an approachingdriver hasdifferent courses of action open to him,
`(c) aprogram storage meansfor storing programsfor controlling the operation of the data processing
`means,and for causingit to carry out, on request and according to a predetermined optimization criterion,a
`route evaluation and selection process to determine an optimum route betweenthe driver-identified journey
`starting and finishing positions on the said map section, and meansforstoring that optimum route and
`announcing route-stage instructions appertaining to it in sequence as required by said activating means.
`Preferably, said program storage meanshasstored within it alternative programs, or program modifiers,
`for enabling the data processing meansto carry out on request route evaluation and selection processes
`according to any oneof a plurality of different optimization criteria, and there is provided driver-operable
`aptimization criterion selection means for selecting for a particular journey to be undertaken the particular
`optimization criterion or criteria to be used.
`Conveniently, said data processing meansis also arrangedto carry out the functions of the respective
`comparison means for comparing on the one handsaid feedback and reference signals, and on the other
`hand said feedback and additional reference signals.
`Said map data storage means may haveassociated therewith map data entry meansfor receiving
`removable map data storage elements, whereby data appertaining to anydesired area of a map may be
`entered into said map data storage meansfor use temporarily by said data processing means.
`Vocalinput meansfor receiving a driver's spoken input information identifying a journey to be undertaken
`maybe provided, and said data processing means maythen be arranged to decode that vocal input
`information and to act uponit in selecting a route for a journey to be undertakenby the driver.
`Preferably, said instruction announcing meansis arranged to announceeachsaid route-stage instruction
`in vocal form, and said data processing meansis arranged to produce and/orcontrol signals for vocalizing
`said instructions.
`Said instruction announcing means may be arranged to announceeach route-stage instruction in visual
`form.
`Said feedback signal producing means maytake any oneofa plurality of different forms; for example, an
`elapsed-time measuring meansarrangedto becarried by the vehicle andto beactivated by said activating
`means, and to deliver an output vehicle-position-indicating signal dependenton thetime that has elapsed
`since last being activated; oralternatively a distance measuring means arrangedto be driven by the vehicle
`and to be activated by said activating means, andto deliver an output vehicle-position-indicating signal
`dependent on thedistance travelled by the vehicle along the route-stage since last being activated; or
`alternatively an inertial-guidance position determining means arranged to be carried by said vehicle and to
`compute from vehicle motion the position of the vehicle, and to provide an output vehicle-position-
`indicating signal dependenton said position for comparison with position indicating signals constituted by
`said reference and/or said additional reference signals incorporated in said route-stage instructions; or
`otherwise a vehicle pasition determining means arrangedto be carried by said vehicle and to compute, from
`bearings of objects disposed externally of the vehicle on or aroundthe earth's surface, the position of the
`vehicle, and to provide an output vehicle-position-indicating signal for comparison with position-indicating
`signals constituted by said reference and/orsaid additional reference signals incorporated in said
`route-storage instructions.
`Preferably, each said route-stage instruction is represented in electrical signal form, and said reference,
`additional reference, and feedback signals comprise electrical signals.
`According to a second aspectto the present invention a method ofguiding a driver of a vehicle (as
`hereinbefore defined) along a multi-stage route between journey starting and finishing positions, comprises -
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`GB 2079 453 A
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`(a) generating and storing for said route a sequenceof individual route-stage instructions each defining
`an action to be taken bythe driver at the endof the associated route-stage, and each including a reference
`signal representing the intended vehicle position at the point along the associated route-stage at which the
`instruction should be announcedto the driver for subsequentaction by him;
`(b)
`extracting a said instruction that is associated witha first route-stage and holding it ready for
`announcementto the driver;
`(c) generating a feedbacksignal representative of the progress or position of the vehicle along the
`route-stage;
`(d)
`comparing said reference and feedbacksignals,
`(e)
`announcingthe extracted instruction to the driver whensaid reference and feedbacksignals
`correspond;
`:
`(f)
`indicating whenthe vehicle has passed into the next route-stage; and
`(g)
`repeating cyclically in turn the steps {b) to (f) above for the second and subsequentinstructions in the
`sequence.
`Each said route-stage instruction generated in said step (a) above mayalsoinclude an additional reference
`signal representing the intendedvehicle position at the end of the associated route-stage, at which position
`the driver should act uponthat instruction; and
`the step (f) above may then comprise comparing said feedback and additional reference signals and
`indicating whensaid feedback and additional reference signals correspond that the vehicle has passed into
`the next route-stage.
`Such methods may also include the preliminary step of-
`specifying the starting and finishing positions of a journeyfor which guidance is required, and the criterion
`or criteria to be used in selecting an optimum route between those positions, and
`in the said step (a) said sequence ofinstructionsis obtained by generating from stored map data defining
`and describing the respective road sections of a road system (each such section being a length of road lying
`betweenadjacentpoints at which an approachingdriver has different courses of action open to him) the
`optimum route between the specified starting and finishing positions and based onthe specified
`optimization criterion orcriteria, and storing the route-stage instructions for the successive route-stages
`making up that optimum route.
`Other features and advantagesof the present invention will appear from the description that follows
`hereafter, and from the claims appendedatthe end ofthat description.
`One embodimentof the present invention for providing route selection and driver guidanceinstructionsin
`or for a road vehicle will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying
`diagrammatic drawings, in which:-
`Figure 1 showsin outline a motorcar in which a route selection and driver guidance system according to
`the presentinvention is installed; and
`Figure 2 shows schematically the various components of that system, and the manneroftheir
`interconnection.
`Referring now to the drawings, a motorcar 10 has installed in it a route selection and driver guidance
`system 12, whichincludes a drivers’ console 14 fitted in a forward position convenientfor a driver to operate,
`obseve and hear, and an associated equipment module 16 which is mounted preferably alongside the
`console, thoughif required its constituent components could be mounted elsewherein or around the car.
`The system 12 is shownin more detail in Figure 2, from whichit will be seen to include a digital data
`processor 18 which is connectedto receive input information concerninga route to be determined from
`(a)
`adriver’s function control and data entry module 20 having “function control” push-buttons 22, and
`“data entry” keys 24,
`(b) a“map data” input module 26for receiving a magnetic storage element 28 (for example a tape or
`disc) carrying data defining, describing and qualifying each and all of the road sections(i.e. lengths of road
`between pairs of adjacent road intersections)includedina particular map section of the United Kingdom
`road system, and
`(c)
`adriver’s microphone 29for inputting a driver's vocalinstructions.
`Associated with the data processor18 is a read-only, random-access, memory (“ROM”), in which is stored
`the operating programsfor controlling the operationsof the process, and various programs(and program
`modifiers) for use in the processorfor determining alternative routes between driver-specified starting and
`finishing positions, according to any one or more of a variety of selected overriding criteria, e.g. shortest
`distance, minimum running time, best fuel consumption, avoidanceof urban roads or motorways.
`Also associated with the processor 18 is a data storage unit 32 (preferably of the random-accesskind) for
`storing data inputtedto it via the processor 18 by the map data input module 26.
`The output of the processor 18 is transmitted to a driver's visualdispiay unit 34 for providing visual
`guidanceinstructions, and/orto a driver's loudspeaker (or earphone) 36 for providing vocal guidance
`instructions. A vocabulary of sound producingsignals (representing various basic phrases, words and
`syllables) is stored in a sound vocabulary unit 38 for use at appropriate times by the processorin formulating
`vocal guidance instructions for transmission overthe loudspeaker.
`Guidanceinstructions to be transmitted to the drivervia the display and/or loudspeakerare coordinated
`with
`the progress(thatis the position) of the vehicle along the selected route, by means of output signals
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`GB 2079453 A
`4
`4
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`provided by one or more position feed-back devices 40. Such devices may comprise on the one handa
`relatively simple “elapsed-time”indicator 40 A, or a “distance-travelled” indicator 40 B driven from a
`transmission system (e.g. a propeller shaft) of the vehicle. Alternatively the position feed-back device may
`comprise a more sophisticated device such as for example an integration system 40 C incorporating means
`for integrating changesin vehicle compass heading and speed and providing in response thereto vehicle
`position map coordinates; or an inertial navigating system 40 D likewise arrangedto provide vehicle position
`map coordinates;or an earth satellite navigation system 40 E arranged to provide an output derived from
`bearing observationsof earth satellites; or a radio navigation system 40 F for providing outputsignals based
`on the observation of bearings of specific radio beacons.
`The system 12 is connected for power supply through an ON/OFF switch (not shown) tothe electrical
`system ofthe vehicle.
`.
`The “function control” buttons22 (referred to hereafter as “function buttons”) include the following,for
`effecting the following operations:-
`
`~
`
`(a)
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`{b)
`
`(c)
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`(d)
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`an"“Advance” button
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`a”Step-back” button
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`a‘Confirm” button
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`aStart’ button
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`(e)
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`a“New Data” button
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`(f)
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`a’CANCEL”button
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`(g)
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`a’Calibrate” button
`
`—
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`~
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`—
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`‘~
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`—
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`—
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`-—
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`proceed to next guidance
`instruction;
`step back to the prece-
`ding road section (this
`allowsthe instructions
`for that road section to
`be reviewed);
`repeat current instruct-
`ion;
`give initial instruct-
`ion for starting the
`journey;
`receive new starting and
`finishing position data
`aboutto be keyed in;
`cancel the previously
`stored selected route
`and adopt the newly se-
`lected route; and
`adjust multiplier to re-
`calibrate the distance
`output signals derived
`from the distance feed-
`back device 40 B.
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`The data-entry keys 24 include keys for enabling the driving to feed-in:-
`(a)
`the namesofthe starting and finishing positions of the desired journey (or alternatively codes
`representing or designating those names, for example the map coordinates of those respective positions);
`(b} which of the various available optimizing criteria is/are to be used in assessing and selecting the
`optimum route from the various possible routes;
`(c) other data such aslatest running cost per mile based on car andenginesize, andthe latestfuel prices.
`The map data storage element28 incorporates for every road section in a particular map section data
`comprising:-
`(1)
`the map coordinates of the ends of the road section;
`(2)
`the length of that section;
`(3)
`the road name (if any};
`(4)
`the road number (if any);
`(5)
`the section travelling times using the respective criteria;
`(6)
`the costs of travelling along the section for each of the travelling times referred to at (5) above; and
`(7)
`the direction ofthe section.
`in use,after first energizing the system 12, the driver wishing to travel between starting andfinishing
`points A and B on the same mapsection selects the map storage element 28 appropriate to that section and
`inserts it into the map data input module 26. Thereafter, he activates that module to cause the map datato be
`read from that storage elementvia the pracessorinto the data storage unit 32, whereitis stored for use later.
`Then using appropriate data entry keys 24 the driver keys-in the identities of the starting andfinishing
`places A and B, and alsothecriterion/criteria that he wishes the system to use in determining the selection of
`his route, for example that he wishesto travel fromAto B in the shortest runningtime (rather than for
`example along the shortest distance).
`65
`Now, having beengiven thestarting and finishing positions, the processor 18 proceeding under the
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`GB 2079 453 A
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`control of the ROM 30 andusing the data defining, describing and qualifying the various road sections as
`stored in the data storage unit 32, assemblesin turn various possible routes betweenthe starting and
`finishing positions, and then using the selected optimization criterion/criteria (stored in the ROM) compares
`one route with anotherto find that route which provides the optimized selected condition/conditions.
`The identities of the road sections constituting this optimized route are then stored in the data storage unit
`32 for subsequentuse in guiding the driver section by section along that route.
`On depressionofthe “start” button,the first and second road sectionsof the stored route are extracted
`from the data storage unit 32 together with their relevant particulars, and a first guidanceinstruction
`identifying the road, andits direction, to be taken in orderto leave A is formulated and announcedto the
`driver. Thereupon the journey may be commenced.
`Asecond guidanceinstruction,to instruct the driver what action is required at the junction ofthefirst and
`second road sections,is also formulated andstored,until replacedlater, in the data storage unit 32.
`Alongside the secondinstruction are assembled (a) the distanceto betravelled by the vehicle before the
`secondinstruction is to be announced to the driver, and preferably also (b) the distance at which this second
`instruction is to be acted uponby the driver. Thesaid distances may also be accompanied,if required, by the
`map coordinatesof the.respective positionsat which said second instruction is to be announced and acted
`upon.
`These distances and/or corresponding mapcoordinates are compared continuously in the processor 18
`with the respective distances and/or mapcoordinates thatare being supplied continuously by the
`corresponding vehicle position feed-back devices 40, and respective “annunciation” and “change road
`section”control signals are emitted by the processor when the corresponding feed-back distances and/or
`map coordinates equate with the respective stored distances and/or map coordinates.
`Thefirst control signal (“announce guidance instruction”) operates to cause the said second guidance
`instruction to be announcedtothe driver, so that he may shortly act upon it, whilst the secondof the control
`signals (“change road section”) is used to automatically cancel the secondinstruction, preferably only if the
`system detects or has been advised bythe driver that the instruction has been correctly acted upon,orif the
`system has noindication that the instruction has been carried out or properly carried out, to advise the driver
`of the need for (and also the nature of) appropriate corrective action.
`Instead of providing for the automatic cancellation of the second guidance instruction, by causing the
`processorta access the vehicle’s movementat and abouttheposition for taking action, and comparingit
`with the guidance instruction, such cancellation may be made dependent instead uponaction(for example
`depressing the “advance”button) by the driverto indicate that he has acted uponthat guidanceinstruction
`and is now readyto receive at an appropriate instance the next (third) guidance instruction.
`Thethird guidance instruction is produced by the processor 18 afterfirst requesting and receiving into its
`owninternal memoryfrom the data storage unit 32 the identity and relevant particulars of the third road
`section, that third instruction then being deduced and formulated by the processor from a comparisonof the
`data concerningthe junctionsof the second andthird road sections with each other. This third instruction
`includes the said distances (and where desired,the corresponding map positions} to the respective positions
`for announcing, and, where appropriate, for acting upon this third guidance instruction.
`Thethird guidance instruction is announcedto the driver automatically when the processordetects
`coincidence of the distance travelled along the second road section by, or of the position on that road section
`of, the vehicle, with the annunciation distanceorposition identified within the third guidanceinstruction.
`Further successive guidanceinstructions are producedin turn by the processoreach time an indication
`(automatic or driver-originated)is received bythe processorthat the last instruction has been correctly acted
`upon,and theidentity and relevant particulars of the next road section ahead have been subsequently
`received by the processorfrom the data storage unit 32.
`Each successive guidance instruction is announced to the driver automatically when the processor detects
`coincidence of the distancetravelled along a current road section by, or of the position on that road section
`of, the vehicle, with the annunciation distanceorposition identified with that guidance instruction.
`Typical instructions and their associated distancedata fortravelling from the town of Guildford to the town
`Dorking are shownin the following Table.
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`Unified Patents Exhibit 1009
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`Page 7 of 13
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`Unified Patents Exhibit 1009
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`6
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`Page 8 of 13
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`Unified Patents Exhibit 1009
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`Page 8 of 13
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`Unified Patents Exhibit 1009
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`

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`7
`GB 2079 453 A
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`In the event that the driverfinds that road, weather, or other conditions are undesirably impeding his
`progressalongthe route,it is possible for him to request the processor, whilst continuing to store the
`© presently selected route, to work out a new route betweenhis presentvehicle position and his destiantion B,
`either via some driver-selected intermediate position whichlies off the present selected route, or avoiding
`“s the road sections ahead on whichtravelling difficulties are known (for example, from a broadcasttraffic
`newsbulletin) to exist. The newly selected route can be adopted by depressing the “Cancel” button.
`In the event that a projected journey extends from one map section to another, a driver must seek a route
`onthefirst map section to some driver-selected, convenient, intermediate position on or near the boundary
`ofthat map section, and after completing that part of his journey on the processor-selected route, enter the
`40 map data appertaining to the second map section (afterfirst inserting the appropriate map storage element
`28), and then enterthat intermediate position as his starting position for the second part of his journey, as
`well as his final destination. Therebyhe will be guided along an optimized route between the intermediate
`position and the final destination.
`Alternatively, the apparatus may be modified to include a larger data storage unit 32 capable of holding
`15 the data oftwo mapsections, and thento receive successive mapdata entries from the two map sections as
`stored on twodifferent map data storage elements28. In that way, the processoris enabled to analyse and
`select an optimum route betweenstarting and finishing points which are disposed on adjacent map sections
`respectively.
`The guidance instructions may be announcedto the drivereither vocally via the loudspeakeror earphone
`20 36, or visually via the visual display unit 34, or they may be announced simultaneously using both visualand
`vocal annunciating means.Thevisualdisplay unit 34 may be arranged to display an instruction only once
`and for a limited period of time, or repeatedly at intervals during the periodofits currency.
`Furthermore, the processor may be arranged to maintain the visual display unit energized to display the
`next guidance instruction from thetime of its formulation by the processoruntil the time of its subsequent
`25 cancellation by the automatic or driver-produced “action-acted-upon”’ signal.
`Alternatively, the processor may be arrangedto energize the visual display unit only temporarily on
`formulation of the next guidance instruction, and to subsequently re-energizeit at the said detected time for
`announcingthat instruction.
`Where aninstruction is not displayed continuously, as mentioned above,fro