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`QA 76 .5 .M52267 1997
`Microsoft Press computer dictionary, 3rd
`ed.
`
`COOLEY LLP
`LIBRARY
`3175 Hanover Street
`Palo Alto, CA 94304
`
`OEM CO
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`f
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`-
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`Microsoft Press
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`Third Edition
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`Microsoft· Press
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`PllRJJSHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
`
`Copyright © 1997 by Microsoft Corporation
`
`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted
`in any form or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data pending.
`
`ISBN 1-57231 -743-4
`
`Printed and bound in the United States of America.
`
`1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 QMQM 2 I 0 9 8 7
`
`Distributed to the book trade in Canada by Macmillan of Canada, a division of Canada
`Publishing Corporation.
`
`A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
`
`Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. For further
`information about international editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation office. Or
`contact Microsoft Press International directly at fax (425) 936-7329. Visit our Web site at
`1nspress. microso Ct .com.
`
`Macintosh, Power Macintosh, QuickTime, and TrueType fonts are registered trademarks of
`Apple Computer, Inc. Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation. Directlnput, DirectX,
`Microsoft, Microsoft Press, MS-DOS, Visual Basic, Visual C++, Win32. Win32s, Windows,
`Windows NT, and XENlX are registered trademarks and ActiveMovie. ActiveX, and Visual
`J++ are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Java is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc.
`Other product and company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respec(cid:173)
`tive owners.
`
`Acquisitions Editor: Kim Fryer
`Project Editors: Maureen Williams Zimmerman, Anne Taussig
`Technical Editors: Dail Magee Jr., Gary Nelson, Jean Ross. Jim Fuchs. John Conrow,
`Kurt Meyer, Robert Lyon, Roslyn Lutsch
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`I - cOOi=ay-;L:-:-L-=p--(cid:173)
`
`Ubrary
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`NOV 17 2010
`3175 Hanover 0treet
`Palo Aito, CA 94304
`
`~••••tellfflli
`
`Introduction
`"
`lticfittllllr\T
`of Computer Terms
`I
`
`ASCII Character Set
`G20
`
`ffiM Extended Character Set
`
`Apple Macintosh Extended Character Set
`57 ... 1
`
`Altltt•mlix It
`
`EBCDIC Character Set
`520
`
`Numeric Equivalents
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`arithmetic expression
`
`article
`
`me milital)'. ARJ>A.\fET was the network from which
`the Internet evolved. See also Internet, MILNET.
`ARP request \arp' ld-kwest', A-R-P'\ n. Short for
`Address Resolution Protocol request. An ARP
`packet containing the Internet address of a host
`computer. The receiving computer responds wid1
`or passes along
`the corresponding Ethernet
`address. See also ARP, Ethernet, IP address, packet.
`array \ ;)r-fl ' \ n. In programming, a list of data val(cid:173)
`ues, all of the same type, any element of which
`can be referenced by an expression consisting of
`the array name followed by an indexing expres(cid:173)
`sion. Arrays are part of d1e fundamentals of data
`structures, which, in turn, are a major fundamenral
`of computer programming. See also array element,
`index, record1, vector.
`array element \;)r-a' el' ;;~-m;;mt \ n. A data value in
`an array.
`array processor \;)r-a' pros' e-s;)r\ 11. A group of
`interconnected,
`identical processors operating
`synchronously, often under the control of a central
`processor.
`arrow key \ar'o ke' \ 11 . Any of four keys labeled
`wid1 arrows pointing up, down, left, and right,
`used to move the cursor vertically or horizontally
`on the display screen or, in some programs, to
`extend the highlight. See the illustration.
`
`Arrow keys
`(when Num Lock is ofO
`
`Ill
`
`I
`
`Ill
`
`I
`
`' if::
`
`7 1t -•
`·~ •
`
`5
`I'-
`~
`
`I
`
`g ,.... .
`:. -3 .... ·-
`
`;.
`
`arithmetic expression \ar'ith-mefik eks-presh'(cid:173)
`<m\ n. A series of elements, including data labels
`and constants as weU as numbers, that are joined
`by arithmetic operators, such as + and - , and can
`be calculated to produce a value.
`loj'ik
`arithmetic
`logic unit
`\ar-id1-mefik
`ydO' nit\ n. A component of a microprocessor
`chip used for arithmetic, comparative, and logical
`funcLions. Acronym: ALU (A'L-U'). See also gate
`(definition 1).
`arithmetic operation \;;,-rith'md-tik op-<>r-a 'sh;;m,
`ar-ith-met'ik\ n. Any of d1e standard calculations
`performed
`in arid1metic- addition, subtraction,
`multiplication, or division. The tem1 is also used in
`reference to negative numbers and absolute values.
`arithmetic operator \ar-id1-mefik op'dr-a-tdr\ 11.
`An operator that perfonns an arid1metic operation:
`+, -, x, or /. An arithmetic operator usually rakes
`one or two arguments. See also argument, binal)',
`logical operator, operator (defmition 1), una!)'.
`.arj \dot'A-R-J'\ 11. The DOS flle extension used
`with archive files created with the ARJ compres(cid:173)
`sion program.
`.army.mil \doHir'me-dot-rnil', doHir'rnc-dot-M-1-
`L'\ n. On the Internet, the major geographic
`domain specifying that an address belongs to the
`United States Army.
`ARP \A'R-P', arp\ 11. Acronym for Address Resolu(cid:173)
`tion Protocol. A TCP/ TP protocol for determining
`the hardware address (or physical address) of a
`node o n a local area network connected to the
`Internet, when only d1e IP address (or logical
`address) is known. An ARP request is sent to the
`network, and d1e node that has d1e D' address
`responds with its hardware address. Although ARP
`technicaUy refers only to finding the hardware
`address, and RAHP (for Reversed ARP) refers to d1e
`reverse procedure, ARJ' is commonly used for
`both senses. See also IP address, TCP/TP.
`ARPANET \ar'p;;~-nef , A'R-P'A-1\-E-T'\ 11. A large
`wide area network created in d1e 1960s by the U.S.
`Department of Defense Advanced Research
`Projects Agency (ARJ>A, renamed DARJ>A in the
`1970s) for d1e free exchange of information
`between universities and research organizations,
`although the rnilit."ll)' also used this network for
`communications. Ln the 1980s MIL'\J"ET, a separate
`network, was spun off from ARPANET for use by
`
`Arrow keys
`An·ow key. Wbe11 Num Lock is off, the arrow keys
`on the mmtber k eypad ca11 be used.
`
`article \ar't;;~-k;)l\ 17. A message that appears in an
`Internet newsgroup. Also called post. See also
`newsgroup.
`
`=··· •
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