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`Protein Data Bank - Chronology
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`Timeline for Structural Biology and the Protein Data Bank
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`Myoglobin, the first protein structure to be determined at high resolution.
`Credit and Larger Version
`
`January 21, 2004
`
`
`
`1913
`
`X-ray diffraction: Max von Laue, William Henry Bragg, and William Lawrence Bragg discover that crystals
`diffract X-rays, producing an orderly pattern that can be used to deduce the location of every atom in the
`crystal.
`
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`1957
`
`1967
`
`Muscle's myoglobin, the first protein structure revealed: After 22 years of work, John Kendrew of the
`Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge (UK) uses X-ray diffraction to determine the 3-dimensional structure of
`myoglobin, the first protein to have its structure determined. Kendrew and Max Perutz received the 1962
`Nobel Prize for their work on protein structure determination. During the next decade, fewer than a dozen
`structures of proteins would be determined.
`
`First American groups to solve a protein structure: Two teams announce the structure of a
`ribonuclease: One was from the Roswell Park Memorial Institute (now the Roswell Park Cancer Institute)
`(See G. Kartha, J. Bello, and D. Harker. “Tertiary structure of ribonuclease.” Nature (1967) 213 ,862-65.)
`The other was from Yale University. (See H. W. Wyckoff, K. D. Hardman, N. M. Allewell, T. Inagami, D.
`Tsernoglou, L. N. Johnson, and F. M. Richards, “The structure of ribonuclease-S at 6 Å resolution” J. Biol.
`Chem. (1967), 242, 3749-3753.)
`
`Summer, 1971 Idea hatches for repository: At a Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on “Structure and Function of Proteins
`at the Three-Dimensional Level,” participants propose the development of a dual repository in the United
`Kingdom and U.S. for macromolecular structure information. Walter Hamilton of the Department of Energy
`volunteers to set up the U.S. component at Brookhaven National Laboratory
`
`Oct. 1971
`
`Protein Data Bank established: The establishment of the Protein Data Bank at Brookhaven is announced
`in Nature New Biology (see “Crystallography, Protein Data Bank [Announcement]”, Nature New Biology
`233, 223). The new repository contains fewer than a dozen structures.
`
`1975
`
`1975
`
`1980
`
`1989
`
`1990
`
`1994
`
`1995
`
`1998
`
`NSF begins support: Thomas Koetzle, who assumed responsibility for the Protein Data Bank after Walter
`Hamilton’s untimely death, submits an unsolicited proposal to NSF. The first NSF award in support of the
`Protein Data Bank is made on November 1, 1975 (NSF-7518956).
`
`Deposits: 18 structures are deposited in the Protein Data Bank in 1975, yielding a total of 37depositions
`since its founding in 1971.
`
`Deposits: 19 structures are deposited in 1980, bringing the total to 184 depositions since the founding of
`Protein Data Bank.
`
`Protein Data Bank partnership grows: The Protein Data Bank becomes a broad, interagency endeavor
`when the Department of Energy (DOE) and components of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) join NSF
`in providing direct support for Protein Data Bank activities.
`
`Deposits: 236 structures are deposited in Protein Data Bank in 1990, with a total of 951 depositions since
`its founding.
`
`Interagency support grows: Memorandum of Understanding signed by NSF, DOE, the National Library of
`Medicine, and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) forms an interagency
`partnership for support of the Protein Data Bank.
`
`Renewed support for Protein Data Bank: Open competition results in award to Joel Sussman of the
`Brookhaven National Laboratory for continued support of the Protein Data Bank (DBI – 9510694).
`
`RCSB given reins: Open competition (NSF 98-66) results in award (DBI-9814284) to the Research
`Collaboratory for Structural Biology (RCSB), which consists of groups led by Helen Berman (principal
`
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`investigator) and John Westbrook of Rutgers University, Peter Arzberger and Phillip Bourne of the San
`Diego Supercomputer Center at the University of California at San Diego (SDSC/UCSD), and Gary Gilliland
`of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
`
`Deposits: 2,937 structures are deposited in Protein Data Bank in 2000, with a total of 15,832 depositions
`since its founding.
`
`MOM’s poster proteins: The Molecule of the Month, authored by David Goodsell of The Scripps Research
`Institute, begins its profiles of key and interesting biomolecular structures with myoglobin. Subsequent
`honorees include DNA, RNA, ribosomes, and anthrax toxin.
`
`Agencies double: A new Memorandum of Understanding creates a broad coalition of eight federal
`agencies in support of the Protein Data Bank: NSF, DOE, NLM, NIGMS, National Cancer Institute (NCI),
`National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and
`Bioengineering (NIBIB), and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS).
`
`Global collaboration: The Protein Data Bank achieves formal, international status as an agreement for
`international management of the Protein Data Bank archives is announced in Nature Structural Biology.
`Signatories are the RCSB, the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) and the Institute for Protein
`Research at Osaka University. The partners are to serve as custodians of the worldwide Protein Data Bank,
`“with the goal of maintaining a single archive of macromolecular structural data that is freely and publicly
`available to the global community.”
`
`Deposits: While the first protein structure took 22 years to solve, structures now come into Protein Data
`Bank at an average rate of more than 10 per day: more than 4,600 new deposits of molecular structures
`were made in 2003, bringing the total of accessible structures to nearly 24,000.
`
`New era launched: With funding from eight federal agencies, the new five-year, $30 million management
`period begins with the RCSB.
`
`2000
`
`2000
`
`Aug. 2003
`
`Dec. 2003
`
`2003
`
`2004
`
`
`
`-NSF-
`
`Media Contacts
`Sean Kearns, NSF, (703) 292-7963
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`, skearns@nsf.gov
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`through grants to nearly 2,000 colleges, universities and other institutions. Each year, NSF receives more than 48,000 competitive
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`
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