`
`Facebook's Exhibit No. 1008
`
`Page 1
`
`Facebook's Exhibit No. 1008
`Page 1
`
`

`

`COOLEY GODWARD LLP
`
`JUL 0 8 2005
`
`5 PALO ALTO SQUARE
`PALO ALTO. CA 94306
`
`IEEE 100
`
`The Authoritative Dictionary of
`
`IEEE Press
`
`IEEE Standards Terms
`
`Seventh Edition
`
`@IEEE
`
`Published by
`Standards Information Network
`
`Facebook's Exhibit No. 1008
`Page 2
`
`

`

`Trademarks and discIuimch
`
`ii-jiiiz' in'iii'i-‘i’x iitt' ittfitt'tttitiicttt in iiti.\' pitiiiii'rttiini ix (K'L'iii'riii' its ttf itx lttttiriii'ctiiatt citric: .rnr'it ittfhrntitiiim ix .Tttirt'i‘i-t
`in I'imitm’ n'iiitrttti timit'r. iiZEif in not i'{.'.\"f)(lii.fi'ii)ic for any ittrtdvct'tr'tri c‘t'i'oi'j'.
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`(iiiii'i' it'itcit’iiritm'x rmri trritici’iicn'h it! iiiiA' document Eii'i’ titm‘c of iitcir tm‘pcc'iiw.’ owners.
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`iii? itii‘iitttii' rtf iz'icnstrir‘rti (tttri E'iifrtrmiit‘x Engineering. ittr'.
`.3 Park th'r'tmi'. NPW York. NY. iiiitit’J-599?, USA
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`iiit’ prior Il’i'iiff’ii tti't'tttt'ssirttt of tiii' piiitiitiitet'.
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`Tim ttttiriixiirr iwiirwrr that aim iilfilt'tttiriioit and guidance given in this work Xt’t‘i’c m‘ {Hi (ftiitrii!i'.'{rtttt3ttf to trsrrx.
`(iii prim-m tttm‘i i't’i)‘ “purl their own ski” and judgement when tricking iu't? of ii. Tim t)tti:i'i.s'itr:t' (inst; n0! iissttttii’
`int}- iinin'iity in anyone for any ions; or ciatitttgc caused by any error or oniixrinn in the work, winttiwr .mt‘h {'i'i'iii'
`or mitirriun is tilt: i'i.’.5'iiii of negiigt-msr nr any other cause. Any nmi nii .riitrii iinbt‘iity i3 disc-initmii.
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`Iiiis work ix lttiiiJiiA'iimi wirit the understanding that the iEFI'.‘ is stippiyitig itgfi‘n'i‘tirtiiutt iiirrtiigii iiiiJ' (Jiliil'lli‘flfiflih
`not itiictttpiittg to rrndrr engineering or other pt'och'SirJHai . wires. if rim-i: .rrrvit.‘e.r are required. iiii’ (i.i‘.s't'.$‘irtth.'r.‘
`ry’ ttti npprnpriritr’ pt'ttfz's‘i'irmni Simttid he A'ottgiii. The iEEE is not responsible for iite .3'tctt‘rznitanix (ind it;.iiiiitiii.‘i
`i'tiiL'rtti<.‘i.'n’ ii: this piibiic'iiiimt.
`
`
`nag-"Y‘yrwii-limu;awm.-n—r-.-.;-.-
`
`IEEE IUD : the authoritative dictionary of IEEE standards lcrms.—'ith ed.
`p. cm.
`lSBN (i-“i381—26iil—2 {paperback : :Ilk. paper)
`I. lfilcciric enginccring—Dictionaries. 2. Elccil'onics—Diciionurics. 3. Computer
`engineering Dictionaries. 4. [Electric cnginccring—Acronyms. S. Electronics—Acronyms.
`6. Computer cngincering—Acronyms. I. Insliiute of Electrical and EIGCII‘OniCN Engineers.
`
`
`
`Library 0|" Congress C11inloging-in-Puhlication Data
`
`'I‘K‘J .128 200i]
`621.3’EJ3—d021
`
`(KLUSOGUI
`
`Facebook's Exhibit No. 1008
`Page 3
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`

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`side marker lights
`
`I04?
`
`Signal
`
`(St'C‘ZU) 12264903
`
`sifting sort. See: bubble sort.
`sigma (Or) The term sigma designates a group of telephone
`wires. usually the majority or all wires of a line. that is treated
`as a unit in the computation of noisc or in arranging connec—
`tions to ground for the measurement of noise or current bal—
`ance ratio.
`(PEJEEC) [119]
`sign (1) (power or energy) Positive. if the actual direction of
`energy flow agrees wilh the stated or implied reference di-
`rection: negative,
`if the actual direction is opposite to the
`reference direction. Sec (its-o: network analysis.
`(StleD) 2?0—l966w
`(2) (test, measurement, and diagnostic equipment) The
`symbol that distinguishes positive front negative numbers.
`'
`(MIL) i2]
`(NESC) [36}
`(3) See also: elocu'ic sign.
`signal (1) (signals and paths) (microcomputer system bus)
`The physical representation of data.
`(MIMIC) 796—!983r
`(2) (signals and paths. I596 interface devices) The physical
`representation which conveys data front one point to another.
`For the purpose of IEEE Std 696-1933, this applies to digital
`electrical signals only.
`(MMIC) 696-1983w
`(3)
`(A) (data transmission) A visual, audible or other in-
`dication used to convey information. (B) (data transmission)
`The intelligence. message or effect to be conveyed over a
`communication system. (C) (data transmission) A signal
`wave; the physical embodiment of a message.
`(PFJ'PSCC) 5994985
`(4) (overhead-power-liue corona and radio noise) The in-
`telligence, message. or effect conveyed over a communica-
`tion system.
`(T&DH’E) 539-1990
`(5) [Programmable instrumentation) The physical
`reprc~
`scntation of information. Note: For the purposes of lEEE Sld
`488.1-1987, this term refers to digital electrical signals only.
`(lMIAIN) 488.]—19R?r
`(6) (computers) The event or phenomenon that conveys data
`from one point to another.
`(C) [20], [85]
`(1")
`tnformalion about a variable that can be trattsmitled in a
`system.
`(IAHCTLflAC) [6le
`(8) (telephone switching systems) An audible. visual or
`other indication of information.
`(C) [85]
`[9) A phenomenon (visual. audible, or otherwise) used to cort-
`vey informalion. The signal is often coded, such as a modu—
`lated wavet'omi. so that it requires decoding to be intelligible.
`(GAS) [13]
`representation of a logical
`(10) (SBX bus) The physical
`(CIMM) 959vl988r
`value.
`(ll) (STEbus) The physical representation of data.
`(CIMM) 1000-198?r
`(12) Any communication between message-based devices
`consisting ofa write to a signal register.
`(CIMM) “554992
`'
`[13) A measurable quantity (cg. a voltage) which varies in
`time in order Io transmit information. A signal propagates
`along a wire or an optic Iiher.
`it is interpreted as :1 sequence
`of bits. which is grouped into a sequence of charncters by the
`character layer of the protocol stack. Signals are generated by
`a link output and are absorbed by a link input.
`l355~|995
`(CIBA)
`(14) in networking. an electrical pulsu that conveys infor-
`mation through a transmission medium. See also: basclmnd
`signaling; digital signal; analog signal: broadband signaling;
`out-of—band signaling.
`(C) sun—1995
`(15)
`(A) A variation of n physical quantity, used to convey
`data. (15) A time-dependent value attached to a physical phi:-
`nomcnon and conveying data.
`(CfS'ltl IUU)
`(:10. If}- I994
`(1s) A mechanism by which a process may he notified of. or
`affected by, on event occurring in the system. Examples of
`SUCll EVEEI'IIS illCllel: hardware exceptions and specific actions
`by processes or threads, The lClTll .vr'girol is also used to refer
`to the event itseil.
`foPA) 9945- I - 19%. 9945-2- l993
`(U) M) The behavior conlrolletl or observed by a test re—
`SUUTCC- in) A visual. audible. orolhct indication used to con—
`vcy information.
`
`resolution can either be obtained with a long aperture
`mounted along tlte axis of the aircraft {sideiooking airborne
`radar (SLA'R)! or by Ihe use ot'syntlietic—aperture radar (SAR)
`processing.
`(AESIGCS) 6864991 172-l933w
`side marker lights (illuminating engineering) Lamps indical-
`ing the presence of a vehicle when seen from the front and
`sometimes serving to indicate its width. When seen from the
`side they may also indicate its length.
`[EIECflEl [l26]
`side panel (rotating machinery) A structure enclosing or partly
`enclosing one side of a machine.
`(PE) [9]
`sidereai (navigation aids) Of or pertaining to the stars.
`(AESfGCS)
`l?2vl983w
`sidereal period (communication satellite) The time duration
`of oric_orbit measured rclalive to the stars.
`(COM) [19]
`side relay armature A11 armature that rotates about an axis
`paralch to that of the core. with the pole face on a side surface
`of the core.
`(EEC'i'Rl'iE)
`[8?]
`side stream scrambling A data scrambling technique. used by
`lflUliASE—TZ to randomize the sequence of transmitted Sym-
`buls and avoid the presence of spectral
`lines in the signal
`spectrum. Synchronization of the scrambler and dcserambler
`of connected PHYS is required prior to operation.
`(CfLM) 3023—1998
`side thrust (disk recording) (skating force) The radial corn—
`ponent of force on a pickup arm caused by the stylus drag.
`See also: phonograph pickup.
`(SP) [32]
`sidctonc The acoustic output of a telephone set receiver due to
`an acoustic input to the transmitter of the same telephone set.
`Note: Where Ihe handset is mounted on a test fixture that
`includes the artificial mouth and artificial car. the delinilion
`includes transmission through the handscl proper: there may
`be also some vibration effect that is expected to he insignif—
`icant for handsets of modern design. There. are two types of
`sidetone to be considered: listener sidetonc and talker sid-
`ctone.
`(COMII'A) 269-1992
`sidetonc objective loudness rating (loudness ratings of tele-
`phone connections)
`
`Sl-
`5's:
`
`SOLR —2Ulogm
`whore
`SM =- sound pressure in the month reference point (in
`pascals)
`St.- = sound pressure at the car reference point {in pascnls)
`(COMITA) fifil—IQTQr
`sidetotte path loss (telephony) The difference in dB of the
`acoustic output level of the receiver of a given telephone set
`to the acoustic input level of the transmitter of the same tele-
`phone set.
`(COMFTA) 269- NJ? l vv
`Sidctonc telephone set A telephone set that does not include a
`balancing network for the purpose of reducing sidctone. Sec
`«fro: telephone station.
`(RECIPE: [[19]
`Sidewalk elevator A freight elevator that operates between a
`sidewalk or other area exterior to the building and floor levels
`inside the building below such area. that has no landing open-
`ing into the building al
`its upper limit of travel. and that
`is
`not used to early automobiles. Soc (div): elevator.
`[EECIF'B [[19]
`Side-wall pressure The crushing force exerted on a cable during
`installation.
`lNESC) C2499?
`Sideways sum [mathematics of computing) A sum obtaincd
`by adding 1hr: digits of a numeral \vithoul regard to position
`UT significance.
`(C)
`Ith-‘l-l‘lhow
`eietncns [metric practice) The electric conductance of n con-
`ductor in which a current of one anipctc is produced by an
`electric potential difference of one volt.
`[00].) 268- l9325
`Sieverl {metric practice) The dose equivalent when the ab-
`sorbed dust.- or‘ ionizing radiation multiplied Iiy thc dimen-
`sitsnlcss factors Q (quality factor) and N [product of any other
`I‘Itultiplyiug factors) stipulated by the International Cottimis-
`siou on Radiological i’roleclion is one. joulc per kilogram.
`iQLJI..) 2(all-ltlfiits
`
`Facebook's Exhibit No. 1008
`Page 4
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`signal, actuating
`
`HMS
`
`signal ground
`
`signal decay time (measuring the performance of tone ad-
`dress signaling systems) The lime interval between the end
`of the signal present condition and the beginning of the signal
`off condition at the end of the signal under consideration.
`(COMr'I'A) lSZ—l‘iilltiw
`signal decnrrelation time See.- deeot’rclatiun time.
`signal delay The transmission time of a signal through a net.
`work. The time is always finite. may he. undesired, or may be
`purposely introduced. See also: oscillogrrtph'. delay line.
`(lel-[FIMl [in]
`
`signal. difference See: differential signal.
`signal distance (1} (computers) The number of digit positions
`in which the. corresponding digits of two binary words of the
`same length are different. See also: Itamnting distance.
`(COMIC) 3i2—19wa, [20]
`(2] (titatltentntics of computing) Set? aft-o; hammng dis-
`lnnce.
`(C) 1034-1936“:
`signal distributing (telephone switching systems) Delivering
`of signals from a common control to other circuits.
`(COM) 312'l9l'lw
`signal-driven mode A mode of operation in which the signal
`Posrxwiltgnalc. 3.: innal .10 is sent lo the owner of a socket
`whenever an U0 operation becomeswpossible on that socket.
`In this mode. l’OSTX-Signal.S .signal.to is sent when tul-
`ditional data could be sent on the socket. when new data ar-
`rives to be received oti a socket. or a state transition occurs
`that would allow it send or receive call to return status without
`blocking. Signal—driven mode is enabled by setting the
`l"t'JSIX.Tt}.Signetl-l-lhen_Socl-tot_.l{ertdy flag on the socket
`and disabled by resetting the POSTX-IO . Si rum l..l-li1en_
`Socket: Jieady flag. The default mode for signal driven ruode
`is disabled.
`(C) 100354999
`signal duration (measuring the performance of tone address
`signaling systems) The time interval during which a. Signal
`present condition exists continuously.
`(COMH‘A) 752—1986w
`signal electrode (camera tubes] An electrode from which the
`signal output is obtained. See also: electrode.
`(BTJAV) [34]
`signal electronics power (thyristor converter) The power used
`for the analog or digital system power supplies, or bothr re—
`quired for the thyristor converter cottlwl and protection sys-
`tems.
`(IAflPC) 444v197'3w
`signal element (1) (unit interval) (data transmission) The part
`of a signal that occupies the shortest interval of signaling
`code. It is considered to be of unit duration in building up
`signal combinations.
`(PE) 599-1985W
`(2) The logical signal during one half of a bit time which may
`take on the values of Logic-l or Logic—U.
`(CfLM) 88025—1993
`
`(rumors) 1050-1996
`
`in the design from which a stimulus may be
`([8) A point
`directly applied or a response directly measured.
`((Ifl‘T) Him-1909
`(19) A mechanism by which a process may be notified of. or
`affected by. all event occurring in the system. Examples of
`such events include hardware exceptions and specific actions
`by processes. The lerrn signal is also used to refer to'the event
`itself.
`(C)
`llh’llfi- W99
`signal, actuating Sue: actuating signal.
`signal aspect The appearance of it fixed signal conveying an
`indication as viewed from the direction of an approaching
`train: the appearance of a cab signal conveying an indication
`as viewed by an observer in the cab.
`(EF‘ICfPE) {I l9]
`signal assertion A) The act of driving a signal to the true state.
`B) The act of driving a bus of signals to the correct pattern
`of ones and zeros.
`(CHEM 1496—1993w
`signal hack lighl A light showing through a small opening in
`the back of an electrically lighted signal. used for checking
`the operation of the signal lamp.
`(EECJ'PE) I'l lill
`signal charge The charge that flows when the condition of the
`device is changed from that of acre applied voltage (after
`having previously been saturated with either a positive or neg‘
`ative voltage) to at least that voltage necessary to saturate ill
`the reverse sense. Note: The signal charge Q, equals the sum
`of QJ and Qn as illustrated in the corresponding Iigure. [t is
`dependent on the magnitude of the applied voltage. which
`should be specified in describing this characteristic of ferro-
`electric devices. See also: ferroelcctric domain.
`
`
`
`Hysteresis loop for a ferroelectric device.
`signal charge
`
`Isow
`(UFFC)
`signal circuit (1} Any electric circuit that supplies energy to an
`appliance that gives a recognizable signal. Such circuits in-
`clude circuits for door bells. homers, code-calling systems.
`signal lights. and the like. See also.‘ appliance.
`(NESC) [86]
`-
`(2) (protective relay system) Any circuit other than inpul
`voltage circuits. input current circuits. power supply circuits.
`or those circuits that directly or indirectly control power cir-
`cuit breaker operation.
`(SWGi'l’Ei'PSR) (3311004992. C3190~|9T85
`(3) (protective relay system) Any circuit other than an input
`voltage circuit, input current circuit. power supply circuit, or
`an output circuit.
`(PEFPSRJ CETBDJ—lgh‘Jr
`signal conditioning Sensor signal processing involving opera-
`tions such as amplification. compensation. filtering. and nor-
`niulization.
`(lMlST) MS] 2-199?
`signal contrast (facsimile) The ratio expressed in decibels be‘
`tween white signal and black signal. See also: facsimile
`signal.
`(COM)
`lbs—lgfifiw
`signal converter (test, measurement. and diagnostic equip-
`ment) A device for changing a signal from one form or value
`to another form or value.
`(NHL) [2]
`signal current (diode-type camera tube) The change in target
`current which occurs when the target is irradiated with pho—
`tons. or electrons. compared to the case where no radiation: is
`incident on the target.
`(ED) 503—1978w
`
`signal. error See: error signal.
`signal, feedback See: feedback signal.
`signal flow graph (network analysis) A network of directed
`branches in which” each dependent node signal is the algebraic
`sum of the incoming branch signals at that node. Note."fl1us.
`1'er -l- 1"sz -l-
`,
`.
`. + xntflk
`x;
`at each dependent node k, where lg. is the branch transmittance
`of branchy'k.
`(CA5) 1554960“J
`signal frequency shift (frequency-shift facsimile system) "the
`numerical dift'erenCc between the frequencies corresponding
`to white signal and black signal at any point in the system.
`See also: facsimile signal.
`(COM)
`lfiS-lQSow
`signal generator A shielded source of voltage or power. the
`output level and frequency of which are calibrated, and Usu—
`ally variable over a range. Note: The output of known wave-
`. form is normally subjch to one or more forms of calibrated
`modulation.
`(leHFle [40]
`signal ground For the purpose of this guide. shall be the ground-
`ing system to which signals are referenced,
`
`Facebook's Exhibit No. 1008
`Page 5
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