FIPS-PUB-137 CHG NOTICE 1
`
`11111111 9999980 0029924 909 11111111
`
`NIST-772
`(REV. 1 CHiii)
`
`U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
`NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY
`
`FIPS PUBLICATION CHANGE NOTICE
`
`CHAHGE NUMBER
`1
`DATE OF CHANGE
`1996 December 17
`RPS POBUCATION NUMBER
`137
`
`PUIWCATION TITLE
`
`FIPS PUB 137, Analog to Digital Conversion of Voice by 2,400 Bit/Second
`Linear Predictive Coding.
`
`THIS OFFICE HAS A RECORD OF YOUR INTEREST IN RECEMNG CHANGES TO THE ABOVE FIPS PUBLICATION. THE CHANGE{S) INDICATED BELOW HAVE BEEN
`PROVIDED BY THE MAINTENANCE AGENCY FOR THIS PUIUCATIOH AND WIU BE INCLUDED IN THE NEXT PUBUSHED REVISION TO THIS FIPS PUBUCATION.
`QUESTIONS OR REQUESTS FOR ADDmONAL INFORMATION SHOUIJ) 8E ADDRESSED TO THE MAINTENANCE: AGENCY:
`Department of Commerce
`National Institute of Standards and Technology
`Computer Systems Laboratory
`Gaithersburg, MD 20899
`
`CHANGE ITEM(S)
`
`Specific Change
`
`Section 1. 3, Application which requires the capability for LPC-10 in all Government
`2,400 bit/s synchronous digitized voice equipment is changed to make the use of and
`capability for LPC-10 operation non-mandatory.
`
`This change will allow for the use of newer 2,400 bit/s digitized voice techniques,
`including Mixed Excitation Linear Prediction (MELP), that has recently been developed
`and will soon be standardized.
`
`Copies of FIPS are available from:
`
`National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
`A TIN: Sales Office, Sills Building
`5285 Port Royal Road
`Springfield, VA 22161
`
`Phone - (703) 487-4650
`
`Office Hours - 7:45am to 5:00pm
`
`ELECTRONIC FORM
`
`Provided by IHS
`Licensed by .fil~~.fr<!lf1w<Hl!iM.!i~tt-sen~eBHS
`
`Order Number: W1957533
`Sold to:HAYNES AND BOONE LLP [139297100001) - JENNIFERSTEPHENS@HAYNESBOONE._COM,
`Notfor Resale,2017-02-28 16:01:25 UTC
`
`Ex. 1036 / Page 1 of 10
`Apple v. Saint Lawrence
`
`

`

`FIPS-PUB-137 CHG NOTICE 1
`
`1111111 9999980 0029925 845 1111111
`
`Federal Standard 1.015 has been redeslgnated
`as Federal
`Information Processing Standards
`Publication (FIPS PUB) 137.
`Issued by The
`National Institute of Standards and Technology pursuaot
`to Section 111 (d) of the Federal Properly and Adminis(cid:173)
`trative Services Act ot 1949 as amended by the
`Computer Security Act of 1987, Public Law 100-235
`
`FEDERAL STANDARD 1015
`
`November 28, 1984
`
`Ex. 1036 / Page 2 of 10
`
`

`

`f!PS-PUB-137 CHG NOTICE 1
`
`1111111 9999980 0029926 781 1111111
`
`FED-STD-1015
`Noveiriber 28, 1984
`
`FEDERAL STANDARD
`
`TELECOMMUNICATIONS: ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERSION
`OF VOICE BY 2,400 BlT/SECOND LINEAR PRElllCT!VE CODING
`
`This standard is issued by the Creneral Service Administration pursuant to
`the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, as amended.
`
`!. Scope
`
`Descriotion. This standard specifies interoperability requirements relating to the conversion of analog voice to
`I.I
`2,4.00 bit/s digitized voice by Unear Predictive Coding with JO reflection coefficients (LPC-10), and reconversion back
`to analog voice.
`
`Qbiective. The primary objective of this standard is to facilitate the interoperability of Government
`1.2
`c:omrnunication facilities and ~ystems that employ 2,400 bit/s digitized voice.
`
`Application. This standard applies to all synchronous (i.e. not packetized) 2,400 bit/s digitized voice
`1.3
`telecommunications equipment procured or
`leased by Federal departments and agencies. While additional
`analog-to-digital conversion techniques and data rates may be used, all Government synchronous 2,400 bit/s digitized
`voice equipment shall be capable of LPC-1 O operation in conformance with this standard.
`
`2. Related Standards
`
`a. Military Standard 188-113: COMMON LONG HAUL/TACTICAL STANDARDS FOR ANALOG/DIGITAL
`CONVERSION TECHNIQUES. (Copies of this standard are available from the Naval Publications and Forms Center,
`5801 Tabor Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19120).
`
`b. North Atlantic Trea1y Organization (NATO) Standardization Agreement {STANAG) 4198: PARAMETERS AND
`CODING CHARACTER!STKS THAT MUST BE COMMON TO ASSURE INTEROPERABILITY OF 2400 BPS LINEAR
`PREDICTIVE ENCODEO DIGITAL SPEECH (Controlled Distribution). (Copies of this standard are available from the
`Naval Publications and Forms Center, 5801 Tabor Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19120).
`
`3. ReQuirements
`
`3. l
`
`Typical Block Diagrams
`
`3.1.l
`
`Transmitter. The block diagram of a typical Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) transmitter is shown belo\V.
`
`Band-pass Filter
`
`Preernphasis 1---.--1"1 LPC Analysis
`
`RMS
`
`Pitch &
`voicing
`Analysis
`
`Pitch
`
`Voicing
`
`RC's
`
`LPC-10
`Digitized
`Voice
`
`Framing & Synch
`
`Error Control Coding kl---1 Parameter Coding
`
`As shown in the diagram above. sJeech is bandiJass filtered prior to analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion. After A/D
`conversion and preemphasis, Linear Predictive Codin~ (LPC) analysis is accomplished to determine reflection
`coefficients (RCs). Also, root-mean-square (RMS) amplitude ls calculated. Additionally, after A/D conversion, pitch
`an<:! voicing analysis is accomplished to determine whether to treat the LPC coded frame as voiced or otherwise.
`ff
`voiced, pitch is determined. If not voiced, a determination is made whether the frame is to be considered as unvoiced
`or in voicing; tran')ition. Next, the RMS amplitude, reflection coefficients, and pitch and voicinf?; are coded;
`transmis5ion err0r con tro! f':oding i 5 adderl as applicable; a synchronization bit is added; and a 54-bi t frame is farmed.
`
`Prov;ded by IHS
`Licenselt> r~ulli9:r&!1".M'a\!!t:!tldm'li1lfE!i!itt>l"1iing;e 8e>ffices
`
`Order Number: W1957533
`Sold to:HAYNES AND BOONE LLP [139297100001] - JENNIFER.STEPHENS@HAYNESBOONE.COM,
`Not for Resale,2017-02-2816:01:25 UTC
`
`Ex. 1036 / Page 3 of 10
`
`

`

`FIPS-PUB-137 CHG NOTICE 1
`
`11111 9999980 0029927 618 11111
`
`FED-S TD-l 0 I 5
`
`3.1.2
`
`Receiver. The block diagram of a typical Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) receiver is shown below.
`
`Serial to Parallel
`Conversion & Synch
`
`Error
`Control
`
`1------o.f Parameter
`Decoding
`
`Interpolation
`Control
`
`RMS
`
`RC 1 s
`
`Noise
`Generator
`
`Pitch
`Generator
`
`Pitch
`
`De-emphasis
`
`Gain
`Adjustment
`
`MJ---1 Synthesizer
`
`Voicing Switch Voicing
`
`D/A Converter
`
`Low-pass Filter
`
`Analog Voice
`
`As shown in the diagram above, the Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) receiver's digital input is first unframed and error
`detection and forward error correction are performed 1 as applicable. Parameter decoding is then performed, along wit:i
`interpolation and other enhancements, to obtain the proper voicing decision, pitch (for voiced frames), reflection
`coefficients, and RMS amplitude. Of these parameters, the voicing decision is forwarded to the voicing switch functlo;i
`that chooses the random noise generator (unvoiced) or the pitch generator (voiced) as the synthesizer input. Likewise,
`the correct pitch is forwarded to the pitch generator (if the frame is determined to be voiced\ the reflectlori.
`coefficients are forwarded to the synthesizer function, and the RMS amplitude is forwarded to the gain adjustment
`function. Lastly, the output of the gain adjustment function is de-emphasized, converted from digital to analog by a
`D/A converter, and low...pass filtered. (Note that some filtering is accomplished as a part of the de~mphasis function).
`
`3. 2
`
`1.n put Condi tloning
`
`Band=pass Filtering. The LPC transmitter input passband should be essentially flat from 100-3600 Hz. A
`3..2.l
`typically used input filter has J dB attenuation points at 100 and 3,600 Hz, less than 1 dB of inband ripple, and
`attenuations at 4,000 and _f.i.,400 Hz of 23 dB and 46 dB, respectively.
`
`A/D Conversion. Analog-to~iigital (AfD) conversion shall use an 8 kHz !_0.1 percent sampling frequency and
`3.2.2
`have a dynamic range of at least 12 bits.
`
`3.2.3
`
`Preemphasis. Preemphasis shall use the first order digital transfer function l - 0.9375 z-l.
`
`3.3
`
`Transmission Format
`
`Transmission Rate. The transmission rate shall be 2400 bits/s .!:_.01 percent. Since all frames contain 54 bits,
`3.3. l
`the frame length is 22.5 ms ..:t·OI percent.
`
`3.3.2
`
`Bit Allocation. The allocation of the 54 bits in an LPC frame shall be as shown ln the following table.
`Non voiced
`Voiced
`
`Pitch & Voicing
`RMS Amplitude
`RC(l)
`RC(2)
`RC(3)
`RC(li)
`RC(5)
`RC(6)
`RC(7)
`RC(8)
`RC(9)
`R C(I 0)
`Error Control
`Synchronization
`Unused
`Total
`
`7
`5
`5
`5
`5
`
`5 • • • • 3
`
`2
`
`5<
`
`7
`5
`5
`5
`5
`5
`
`20
`l
`l
`5'1
`
`Provld<>d by IHS
`Licensed by Informc¥t:!f~uc.Piand"~gJ PSl!W.*~eJ!;lbnsefrom IHS
`- - - -
`--
`
`Note: RC= Reflection Coefficient
`Nonvoiced = Unvoiced or 1n Voicing Transition
`
`2
`Order Numbe~ W1957533
`Sold to: HA YNES AND BOONE LLP [139297100001) - JENNIFER.STEPHENS@HA YNESBOONE.COM,
`Not for Resale,2017-02-28 16:01 :25 UTC
`
`Ex. 1036 / Page 4 of 10
`
`

`

`FIPS-PUB-137 CHG NOTICE 1
`
`11111111 9999980 0029928 554 11111111
`
`FED-STD-101)
`
`3.3.3
`
`Bit Assignment. The assigrment of bits within an LPC frame shall be as shown in the followir.p., tcit.ile.
`
`Bit
`
`Voiced
`
`Non voiced
`
`Bit
`
`Voiced
`
`Non voiced
`
`Bit
`
`Voiced
`
`Non voiced
`
`I
`2
`3
`4
`5
`6
`7
`s
`9
`10
`II
`12
`l J
`14
`15
`16
`17
`18
`
`RC(l)-0
`RC(2)-0
`RC0)-0
`P-0
`R-0
`RC(l)-1
`RC(2)-I
`RC(J)-1
`P-1
`R-1
`RC(l)-2
`RC.(4)-0
`RC(J)-2
`R-2
`P-2
`RC(4)-l
`RC(l)-3
`RC(2)-2
`
`RC(l)-0
`RC(2)-0
`RC(3)-0
`P-0
`R-0
`RC(l)-1
`RC(2)-I
`RC(J)-1
`P-1
`R-1
`RC{l)-2
`RC(4)-0
`RC(J)-2
`R-2
`P-2
`RC(4)-l
`RC{l)-J
`RC(2)-2
`
`19
`20
`21
`22
`23
`24
`25
`26
`27
`28
`29
`JO
`31
`32
`33
`34
`35
`36
`
`RC0)-3
`RC(4)-2
`R-3
`RC(l)-4
`RC(2)-3
`RC(J)-4
`RC(4)-3
`R-4
`P-3
`RC(2)-4
`RC(7l-O
`RC(8)-0
`P-4
`R C(4)-4
`RC(5)-0
`R C(6)-0
`RC(7)-l
`RC(I0)-0
`
`RC(3)-3
`RC(4)-2
`R-3
`RC(! )-4
`RC(2)-3
`RC(3)-4
`RC(4)-3
`R-4
`P-3
`RC(2)-4
`RC(J)-5*
`R-5*
`P-4
`R C(4)-4
`RC(i)-5*
`RC(2)-5*
`RC(3)-6*
`RC(4)-5*
`
`37
`38
`39
`40
`41
`42
`43
`44
`45
`46
`47
`48
`49
`50
`51
`52
`53
`54
`
`RC(8)-I
`R-6*
`RC(5)-l
`RC(l)-6•·
`RC(2)-6•
`RC(6)-l
`RC(7)-2
`RC(3)-7•
`R C(4) .. 6*
`RC(9)-0
`P-5
`P-5
`RC(5)-2
`RC(l)-7*
`RC(6)-2
`RC(2)-7•
`RC(I0)-1 Unused
`RC(8)-2
`R-~1-~-
`P-6
`P-6
`R C(9)-l
`RC(4)-7*
`RC(5)-3
`RC(J)-8*
`RC(6)-J
`RC(2)-8•
`RC(7)-3
`RC(.1)-8*
`R C(9)-2
`RC(tf)--·ScJE
`RC(8)-3
`R-&*
`Synch.
`Synch.
`
`NOTES,
`P= Pitch
`R = RMS Amplitude
`RC= Reflection Coefficient
`* = Error Control Bit
`Bit 0 = least significant bit of data
`Bit 5 =least significant bit of error control
`Order of transmission is from bit I to bit 54
`Nonvoiced = Unvoiced or In Voicing Transition
`
`3.3.4
`
`Synchronization. The synchronization bit shall alternate between ZERO and ONE from frame to fr<:1rnP..
`
`3.4
`
`Pi.tch and Voicing
`
`Encoding. Pitch and voicing information shall be coded as a seven bit field. For error protection purposes,
`3.4.J
`unvoiced frames shall be coded as seven ZERO bits and frames in voicing transition shall be coded as seven ONE bits.
`For voiced frames, one of 60 selected pitch values (51-400 Hz) shall be selected and coded as shown in the following
`table. Note that the pitch period is the sampling frequency (8,000 Hz) divided by the pitch frequency.
`
`Pitch
`Freq
`
`Pitch
`Period Code
`
`Pitch Pitch
`Freq Period Code
`
`Pitch
`Freq
`
`Pitch
`Period Code
`
`Pitch
`Freq
`
`Pitch
`Period Code
`
`51
`53
`54
`56
`57
`59
`61
`63
`65
`67
`69
`71
`74
`77
`80
`
`156
`152
`148
`144
`140
`136
`132
`128
`124
`120
`116
`112
`108
`104
`JOO
`
`76
`101
`JOO
`108
`104
`106
`98
`114
`112
`113
`97
`99
`67
`71
`70
`
`83
`87
`91
`95
`100
`103
`105
`108
`j 11
`114
`118
`121
`125
`129
`1)3
`
`96
`92
`88
`84
`80
`78
`76
`74
`72
`70
`68
`66
`64
`62
`60
`
`78
`74
`75
`73
`77
`69
`85
`81
`83
`82
`86
`84
`92
`88
`90
`
`138
`143
`148
`154
`160
`167
`174
`184
`190
`200
`205
`210
`216
`222
`228
`
`58
`56
`54
`52
`50
`48
`46
`44
`42
`40
`39
`38
`37
`36
`35
`
`26
`58
`56
`60
`52
`54
`50
`51
`49
`53
`37
`45
`41
`43
`42
`
`235
`242
`250
`258
`266
`276
`286
`296
`308
`320
`333
`348
`364
`381
`400
`
`34
`33
`32
`31
`30
`29
`1S
`27
`26
`25
`24
`2)
`22
`21
`20
`
`46
`3 ~~
`3:9
`7
`15
`14
`30
`n
`2:J
`21
`29
`z .5
`27
`11
`19
`
`3.4-.2 Qecoding. The following table shall be used in decoding the seven-bit pitch and voicing field to determine if a
`frame is unvoiced (U), is in voicing transition (T), is invalid (0, or is voiced.
`If voiced, the decoded value shall be used
`as the pitch period (8,000 Hz sampling frequency divided by pitch frequency).
`
`Order Number: W1957533
`Sold io:HA YNES AND BOONE LLP [1392971 00001]- JENNIFERSTEPHENS@HAYNESBOONE.COM,
`Not for Resale,2017·02·28 16;01:25 UTC
`Licensed by Information Hand1ing Services
`
`Provided by IHS
`No reproduction or networking permitted withoutlicen5" from IHS ____ ~·- ...
`
`Ex. 1036 / Page 5 of 10
`
`

`

`FIPS-PUB-137 CHG NOTICE 1
`
`111111111 9999980 0029929 490 111111111
`
`FED-STD-1015
`
`Pitch
`Code Period
`
`D
`I
`2
`3
`4
`5
`6
`7
`8
`9
`10
`11
`12
`13
`14
`15
`16
`17
`18
`19
`20
`21
`22
`23
`24
`25
`
`(U)
`(U)
`(U)
`(I)
`(U)
`(0
`(I)
`31
`(U)
`(I)
`(D
`21
`(l)
`(0
`29
`16
`(U)
`(I)
`(D
`20
`rn
`25
`27
`26
`(I)
`23
`
`Pitch
`Code Period
`26
`58
`27
`22
`28
`(I)
`29
`24
`30
`28
`31
`(I)
`(U)
`32
`33
`(0
`34
`(I)
`35
`(I)
`36
`(I)
`37
`39
`38
`33
`39
`32
`40
`(I)
`41
`37
`42
`35
`43
`36
`44
`(l)
`45
`38
`46
`34
`47
`(I)
`48
`(I)
`49
`42
`46
`50
`44
`51
`
`Pitch
`Code Period
`
`Pitch
`Code Period
`
`52
`53
`54
`55
`56
`57
`58
`59
`60
`61
`62
`63
`64
`65
`66
`67
`68
`69
`70
`71
`72
`73
`74
`75
`76
`77
`
`50
`40
`48
`(0
`54
`(0
`56
`(0
`52
`(0
`(I)
`(T)
`(U)
`(0
`(0
`108
`(0
`78
`100
`104
`(l)
`84
`92
`88
`156
`80
`
`78
`79
`80
`81
`82
`83
`84
`85
`86
`87
`88
`89
`90
`91
`92
`93
`94
`95
`96
`97
`98
`99
`100
`101
`102
`1.03
`
`96
`(I)
`(I)
`74
`70
`72
`66
`76
`68
`(0
`62
`(!)
`60
`(0
`64
`(!)
`(I)
`(T)
`(!)
`116
`132
`112
`148
`152
`(I)
`(I)
`
`Pitch
`Code Period
`104
`140
`105
`(I)
`106
`136
`107
`(I)
`108
`144
`109
`(I)
`110
`(I)
`111
`(T)
`124
`112
`113
`120
`114
`128
`115
`(I)
`116
`(I)
`117
`(0
`118
`119
`120
`121
`122
`123
`124
`[25
`126
`127
`
`rn
`(T)
`(I)
`(T)
`(T)
`(T)
`
`rn
`
`(T)
`(I)
`(I)
`
`3.5
`RMS Amplitude. Root-mean-square (RMS) preemphasized speech amplitude, scaled from 0-511 (i.e. 9
`bits), shall be coded into 5 bits and decoded back to 9 bits as shown in the following table. When decoding, interpolation
`should be used to obtain intermediate values.
`To
`Code Decode
`from
`
`From
`
`To
`
`Code Decode
`
`0
`l
`2
`3
`4
`5
`6
`7
`8
`9
`11
`13
`15
`18
`22
`26
`
`0
`I
`2
`3
`4
`5
`6
`7
`8
`10
`12
`14
`17
`21
`25
`30
`
`0
`l
`2
`3
`4
`5
`6
`7
`8
`9
`10
`11
`12
`13
`
`'"
`
`15
`
`D
`l
`2
`3
`4
`5
`6
`7
`8
`9
`11
`13
`16
`19
`23
`27
`
`31
`36
`43
`52
`61
`73
`87
`104
`124
`148
`177
`211
`252
`301
`360
`429
`
`35
`42
`51
`60
`72
`86
`103
`123
`147
`176
`210
`251
`300
`359
`428
`511
`
`16
`17
`18
`19
`20
`21
`22
`23
`24
`25
`26
`27
`28
`29
`JO
`31
`
`32
`39
`46
`55
`66
`79
`94
`113
`135
`164
`192
`230
`275
`328
`392
`468
`
`3.6
`
`Reflection Coefficients
`
`Reflection Coefficients J and 2. The first Reflection Coefficient (RCl) shall be coded as 5 bits. Coding and
`3.6.l
`decoding shall be as shown in the following table. The second Reflection Coefficient (RC2) shall be coded and decoded
`the same as RCl. Note that coded values are the index numbers expressed in binary ntwo's compleriient". Also, sign
`convention is such that RCl "' R1/Ro, where R1 and Ro are autocorrelation functions with sample deJays of I
`and 0 respectively. These conventions are used for all reflection coefficients.
`
`From
`
`-.9999
`-.9843
`-.9687
`-.9530
`-.9374
`-.9062
`-.8749
`-.8280
`
`To
`
`-.9844
`-.9688
`-.9531
`-.9375
`-.9063
`-.8750
`-.8281
`-.7656
`
`Code
`
`10001
`10010
`10011
`10100
`10101
`10110
`I DI! I
`11000
`
`lndex
`
`Decode
`
`-15
`-14
`-13
`-12
`-II
`-10
`-9
`-8
`
`4
`
`-.9844
`~9688
`-.9531
`-.9375
`-.9218
`-.8906
`-.8438
`-.7812
`
`(Continued)
`
`Provided by IHS
`Licensed by Information Hand1~01&e2!'\l"!i~ingpermittedwi1houtlicensefromlHS
`
`Order Number:: W1957533
`Sold to: HAYNES AND BOONE LLP [1392971 00001] - JENNIFERSTEPHENS@HA YNESBOONE.COM,
`Not for Resale,2017-02-28 16:01:25 UTC
`
`Ex. 1036 / Page 6 of 10
`
`

`

`FIPS-PUB-137 CHG NOTICE 1
`
`1111111 9999980 0029930 102 1111
`
`From
`
`-.7655
`-.6874
`-.h093
`-.5312
`-.4218
`-.312!1.
`-.2031
`-.0937
`.0938
`.2032
`.3125
`.4219
`.5313
`.6094
`.6875
`.7656
`.8281
`.8750
`.9063
`.9375
`.9531
`.9688
`.9844
`
`To
`
`-.687 5
`-.6094
`-.5313
`-.4219
`--3125
`-.2032
`-.0938
`+.0937
`.2031
`.3124
`.4218
`.5312
`.6093
`.6874
`.7655
`.8280
`.8749
`.9062
`.9374
`.9530
`.9687
`.9843
`.9999
`
`Code
`
`11001
`11010
`11011
`11100
`11101
`11110
`11111
`00000
`00001
`00010
`00011
`00100
`00101
`00110
`00111
`01000
`01001
`01010
`01011
`01100
`01101
`01110
`01111
`
`Index
`
`Decode
`
`FED-STD-1015
`
`-7
`-6
`-5
`-4
`-3
`-2
`-1
`0
`l
`2
`3
`4
`5
`6
`7
`8
`9
`10
`11
`12
`13
`14
`15
`
`-.7187
`-.6406
`-.5625
`-.4688
`-.3593
`-.2500
`-.1406
`+.0313
`.1406
`.2500
`.3593
`.4688
`.5625
`.6406
`.7187
`.7812
`.8438
`.8906
`.921&
`.9375
`.9531
`.9688
`.9844
`
`Reflection Coefficient 3. The third Reflection
`3.6.2
`decoding shall be as shown in the following table.
`From
`To
`Code
`
`Coefficient (RC3) shall be coded as 5 bits. Coding and
`
`Index
`
`Decode
`
`-.9999
`-.5890
`-.5455
`-.5018
`-.4582
`-.4147
`-.3711
`-.3275
`-.2839
`-.2403
`~1966
`-.l 531
`~1095
`-.0659
`-.0223
`.0213
`.0649
`.1140
`.1576
`.2012
`.2448
`.2884
`.3319
`.3756
`.4192
`.4627
`.5063
`.5500
`.5935
`.6371
`.6807
`.7243
`
`-.5891
`-.5456
`-.5019
`-.4583
`-.'<148
`-.3712
`-.3276
`-.28'<0
`-.2404
`-.1967
`~1532
`-.1096
`-.0660
`-.0224
`.0212
`.OM8
`.1139
`.1575
`.2011
`.2447
`.2883
`.3318
`.3755
`.4191
`.4626
`.5062
`.5499
`.5934
`.6370
`.6807
`.7242
`.9999
`
`10000
`l 0001
`10010
`l 0011
`10100
`I 0101
`IOI lo
`lOll i
`11000
`1100!
`11010
`11011
`11 IOO
`11101
`111 lo
`11111
`00000
`00001
`00010
`00011
`00100
`00101
`00110
`00111
`01000
`01001
`01010
`01011
`01100
`01101
`01110
`DI 111
`
`-16
`-15
`-14
`-13
`-12
`-11
`-10
`-9
`-8
`-7
`-6
`-5
`-4
`-3
`-2
`-1
`0
`l
`2
`3
`4
`5
`6
`7
`3
`9
`10
`11
`12
`13
`14
`15
`
`-.6033
`-.5598
`-.5164
`-.4729
`~4295
`-.3860
`-.3426
`-.2991
`-.2557
`-.2122
`-.1687
`-.1253
`-.0818
`-.0384
`.OOll
`.0485
`.0920
`.1355
`.1789
`.2224
`.26l8
`.3093
`.3527
`.3962
`.4396
`,!,1.&Jl
`.5266
`.5700
`.6135
`.6569
`.7004
`.7438
`
`Coefficient (RC4) shall be coded as 5 bi ts. Coding and
`
`Decode
`
`'
`
`-.7774
`' _;/383
`-.699)
`-.6602
`
`(Continued)
`
`Provided by IHS
`No reproduction or networking permitted withnut license fro!Jl)_H§._
`
`Reflection Coefficient 4. The fourth Reflection
`3.6.J
`decodin~ shall be as shown in the following table.
`From
`To
`Code
`
`Index
`
`-.9999
`-.7h26
`-.7236
`-.F.845
`
`-.7627
`-.7236
`-.6846
`-.6455
`
`10000
`10001
`10010
`10011
`
`Order Number: W1957533
`Snld to:HAYtJES AND BOONE LLP [139297100001]- JENNIFERSTEPHENS@HAYNESBOONE.COM,
`Not for Resale,2017-02-28 16:01:25 UTC
`Licensed by Information Handling Services
`
`-16
`-15
`-14
`-13
`
`5
`
`Ex. 1036 / Page 7 of 10
`
`

`

`FIPS-PUB-137 CHG NOTICE 1
`
`1111111 9999980 0029931 049 1111111
`
`FED-STD-I 015
`
`From
`
`-.6454
`-.6064
`-.5673
`-. 5282
`-.4892
`-.4501
`-.41 l I
`-.3720
`-.3329
`-.2939
`-.2548
`-.2157
`~1767
`-. j 328
`-.0937
`-.0547
`-.0156
`.0235
`.0625
`.1016
`.1406
`.l 797
`.2188
`.2578
`.2969
`.3360
`.3750
`.4141
`
`To
`
`-.6065
`-.5674
`-.5283
`-.4893
`-.4502
`-.4112
`-.3721
`-.3330
`-.2940
`-.2549
`-.2158
`-.1768
`~1329
`-.0938
`-.0548
`-.0157
`.0234
`.0624
`.1015
`.1'+05
`.1796
`.2187
`.2577
`.2968
`.3359
`.37'+9
`.4140
`.9999
`
`Code
`
`10100
`10101
`10110
`IOI 11
`l !ODO
`11001
`!JOJO
`l ID 11
`11100
`11101
`I l 11 D
`l l l l I
`OD DOD
`00001
`00010
`00011
`00100
`00101
`00110
`001 j j
`01000
`01001
`01010
`0101!
`01100
`DI 101
`01110
`DI 11 l
`
`Index
`
`Decode
`
`-12
`-1 I
`-10
`-9
`-8
`-7
`-6
`-5
`-4
`-3
`-2
`-1
`0
`j
`2
`3
`
`5
`6
`7
`8
`9
`10
`I I
`12
`13
`14
`15
`
`•
`
`-.621 j
`-.5821
`-.5430
`-.5040
`-.4649
`-.4258
`-.3868
`-.3477
`-.3086
`-.2696
`-.2)05
`-.1914
`-.1524
`-.1133
`-.0743
`-.0352
`.0039
`.0429
`.0820
`.1211
`.1601
`.1992
`.2382
`.2773
`.3164
`.3554
`.3945
`.4336
`
`Reflection Coefficient 5. The fifth Reflection Coefficient (RC.5), used when a frame is voiced, shall be coded
`3.6.4
`as 4 bits. Coding and decoding shall be as shown in the following table.
`Code
`Index
`To
`From
`
`Decode
`
`-.9999
`-.60#6
`-.5323
`-.4599
`-.3876
`-.3152
`~2429
`-.1706
`-.0983
`~0213
`.0510
`.1233
`.1956
`.2680
`.340'+
`.4127
`
`-.6047
`-.5324
`-.4600
`-.3877
`-.3153
`-.2430
`~1707
`-.0984
`-.0214
`.0509
`.1232
`.1955
`.2679
`.3403
`.'+126
`.9999
`
`lOOO
`I DOI
`JOJO
`IOI I
`1100
`j 101
`j 110
`1111
`0000
`ODDI
`ODID
`DOI I
`0100
`0101
`0110
`OJ l L
`
`-8
`-7
`-6
`-5
`-4
`-3
`-2
`I
`D
`I
`2
`3
`4
`5
`6
`7
`
`-.6358
`-.5635
`-.4912
`-.4190
`-.3467
`-.2744
`-.202:2
`-.1299
`-.0577
`.0146
`.0869
`.1591
`.231'+
`.3037
`.3759
`.4482
`
`Reflection Coefficient 6. The sixth Reflection Coefficient (RC6), used when a frame is voiced, shall be coded
`3.6.5
`as 4- bits. Coding and decoding shall be as shown in the following table.
`Index
`Code
`To
`From
`
`Decode
`
`-.9999
`-.7010
`-.6327
`-.5644
`-.4961
`-.4278
`-.3595
`-.2912
`-.2229
`-. 1504
`-.0821
`-.0138
`.0545
`
`-.701 I
`-.6328
`-.5645
`-.4962
`-.4279
`-.35%
`-.2913
`-.2230
`~ 1505
`-.0822
`-.0139
`.0544
`.1227
`
`1000
`LOO!
`1010
`101 I
`L !OD
`I iOL
`11 ID
`1111
`0000
`DOOi
`0010
`DOI I
`0100
`
`-.7315
`-.6f;3l
`-.5948
`-.5264
`-.4581
`-.3897
`-.3213
`-.2530
`-.1846
`-.! 162
`-.0479
`.0205
`.0888
`
`-8
`-7
`-6
`-5
`-4
`-3
`-2
`-L
`0
`I
`2
`3
`4
`
`6
`
`(Continued)
`
`Provid"d by IHS
`Licensed by In!!<tf~'tR!!.neffah<z!fl<d.'l!i!fd~l!."e~mlHS _____ _
`
`Order Number: W1957533
`Sold to:HAYNES AND BOONE LLP [139297100001]-JENNIFERSTEPHENS@HAYNESBOONE.COM,
`Not for Resale,2017--02"28 16:01:25 IJTC
`
`Ex. 1036 / Page 8 of 10
`
`

`

`FIPS-PUB-137 CHG NOTICE 1
`
`111111 9999980 0029932 T85 111111
`
`from
`
`• J228
`.l 91 l
`.2594
`
`To
`
`.l 910
`.2593
`.9999
`
`Code
`
`OIOJ
`OJ IO
`01 JI
`
`fndex
`
`Decode
`
`.5
`6
`7
`
`.1572
`.2256
`.2939
`
`FED-STfl-1015
`
`Reflection Coefficient 7. The seventh Reflection Coeffir:ient (RC7), used when a frame ls voiced, shall be
`3.6.6
`coded as 4bits. Codin~ and decoding shall be as shown in the following table.
`From
`To
`Code
`l'ndex
`Decade
`
`-.9999
`-.5473
`-.4808
`-.4144
`-.3479
`-.28J5
`-.2151
`-.1487
`-.0823
`~Ol 16
`.0548
`.J212
`.1876
`.2541
`.3205
`.3870
`
`-.5474
`-.4809
`-.4145
`~3480
`-.2816
`-.2152
`~1488
`-.0824
`-.0117
`.0547
`.1211
`.!875
`.2540
`.3204
`.3869
`.9999
`
`JOOO
`l OOJ
`10!0
`I OJ l
`1100
`l lOJ
`1110
`1111
`0000
`0001
`0010
`001 l
`0100
`0!01
`0110
`01 JI
`
`-8
`-7
`-6
`-5
`-4
`-3
`-2
`-I
`0
`I
`2
`3
`4
`5
`6
`7
`
`-.5762
`-.5098
`-.4434
`-.3770
`-.3106
`-. 2442
`-.1778
`-.1114
`-.04;0
`.0214
`.0878
`.1542
`.2206
`.2870
`.3534
`.4198
`
`Reflection Coefficient 8. The eighth Reflection Coefficient (RCS), used when a frame is voiced, shall be
`3.6.7
`coded as 4 bits. Coding and decoding shall be as shown in the following table.
`From
`To
`Code
`Index
`Decode
`
`-.9999
`-.6241
`-.5567
`-.4894
`-.4220
`-.3547
`-.2873
`-.2200
`~1526
`-.08JO
`-.0137
`.0537
`.l 210
`.J884
`.2557
`.3231
`
`-.6242
`-.5568
`-.4895
`~4221
`-.3548
`-.2874
`-.2201
`-.1527
`-.0811
`-.0138
`.0536
`.1209
`.1883
`.2556
`.3230
`.9999
`
`1000
`1001
`JOJO
`!OJI
`1100
`1101
`11 JO
`11 J I
`0000
`0001
`0010
`0011
`0100
`0101
`0110
`0111
`
`-8
`-7
`-6
`-5
`-4
`-3
`-2
`-I
`0
`l
`2
`3
`4
`5
`6
`7
`
`-.6539
`-.5865
`-.5J 9 J
`-.4517
`-.3843
`-.3169
`-.24'16
`-.1822
`~1148
`-.0474
`.0200
`.0874
`.1548
`.2222
`.2895
`.3569
`
`Reflection Coeificient 9. The ninth Reflection Coefficient (RC9), used when a frame is voiced, shall be coded
`3.6.8
`as 3 bits. Coding and decoding shall be as shown in the following table.
`From
`To
`Code
`Index
`
`Decode
`
`-.9999
`-.3076
`... 1907
`-.0737
`.0433
`.1639
`.2&08
`.3978
`
`-.3077
`~1908
`-.0738
`.0432
`.1638
`.2807
`.3977
`.9999
`
`100
`IOI
`1J0
`Ill
`000
`001
`010
`011
`
`-4
`-3
`-2
`-1
`0
`I
`2
`3
`
`-.3634
`-.2462
`-.1290
`-.0118
`.1054
`.2226
`.3398
`.4570
`
`Reflection Coefficient IO. The tenth Reflection Coefficient (RCJO), used when a frame is voiced, shall be
`3.6.9
`coded as 2 bits. Coding and decodlng shall be as shown in the foilowing table.
`Code
`Index
`From
`To
`Decode
`
`-.9999
`-. 3116
`~1202
`.0744
`
`-.3117
`-.1203
`.0743
`.9999
`
`10
`II
`00
`01
`
`-.4043
`-.2129
`-.0215
`.)?99
`
`-2
`-1
`0
`I
`
`7
`
`Prnvided by IHS
`Licensed by Information Handling Servicf!Y!Jreproduction or networking permittedwithmrtlicensefrom IHS
`
`Order Number: W1957533
`Sold to:KAYNES AND BOONE LLP [139297100001] - JENNIFER.STEPHENS@HA YNESBOONE.COM,
`Not for Resale,2017-02-28 16:01:25 UTC
`
`Ex. 1036 / Page 9 of 10
`
`

`

`FIPS-PUB-137 CHG NOTICE 1
`
`11111111 9999980 0029933 911 11111111
`
`FED-S TD-l 0 I 5
`
`Error Control Coding. When a frame is nonvoiced, a total of 20 bits shall be used for transmission error
`3.7
`detection and correction. The four most significant bits of the RMS amplitude and first four reflection coefficients
`shall be protected by a four bit Error Control (EC) code as shown below {in rexadecimal form).
`
`Data
`
`EC
`
`3.8
`
`Synthesi~
`
`0
`
`0
`
`7
`
`2
`
`B
`
`c
`
`D
`
`7
`
`5
`
`A
`
`6
`
`6
`
`8
`
`E
`
`9
`
`9
`
`A
`
`5
`
`B
`
`2
`
`c
`
`J
`
`D
`
`E
`
`8
`
`F
`
`F
`
`Voiced Periods. Voiced speech shall be synthesized by a 10th order all-pole filter excited by pitch-synchronous
`3.8.1
`pulses. The relative amplitudes of 40 recommended excitation values are shown in the following table.
`Index Amplitude
`Index Amplitude
`Tndex Amplitude
`Index Amplitude
`
`I
`2
`J
`
`" 5
`
`6
`7
`8
`9
`IO
`
`2•9
`-262
`363
`-362
`!DO
`367
`79
`7S
`IO
`-277
`
`l1
`12
`ll
`I•
`15
`16
`17
`18
`19
`20
`
`-82
`376
`288
`-65
`-20
`138
`-62
`-315
`-247
`-78
`
`21
`22
`23
`24
`25
`26
`27
`28
`29
`JO
`
`-82
`-123
`-39
`65
`64
`19
`16
`32
`19
`-15
`
`JI
`32
`JJ
`34
`35
`36
`37
`38
`
`39 •o
`
`-29
`-21
`-18
`-27
`-JI
`-22
`-12
`-IO
`-10
`-4
`
`Note that if the pitch period is equal to 40, the 40 excitation values should be used as pitch excitation throughout the
`pitch period. If the pitch period is greater than 40, the 40 excitation values should be used as pitch excitation, foJlowed
`by zero values for the remainder of the pitch period. And, if the pitch per:od is less than !fO (i.e., between 20 and 39),
`al1 40 excitation values should be used as pitch excitation. Those values remaining at the end of the current pitch
`period, scaled to reflect the RMS amplitu:le change between this pitch period and the next, should be added to the
`excitation values in the next pitch period. For example, if the pitch period is 38, excitation value 39 of one pitch period
`(scaled to reflect the RMS change between periods) would be added to excitation value I of the next pitch period.
`
`3.8.2
`Unvoiced Periods. Unvoiced speech shall be synthesized by a 4th order all-pole filter with pseudorandom or
`quasi-random excitation.
`
`Transitional Periods. Speech in vo1cmg transition shall be synthesized by an alt-poie filter excited by
`3.8.3
`pitch-synchronous pulses during the voiced part of the frame and excited with pseudorandom or quasi·random excitation
`during the unvoiced part of the frame. Typically, pitch, RMS amplitude, and reflection coefficients from the adjacent
`voiced and unvoiced frames are used in synthesizing the voiced and unvoiced parts.
`
`3.8.4
`be:
`
`Qe-emphasis. The de-emphasis digital transfer function (which provides both de-emphasis and filtering) shall
`
`I - 0.75 z-1
`
`Effective Data. The use of this standard by U.S. government departments and agencies is mandatory effective
`4.
`180 days following the date of this standard.
`
`5.
`Changes. When a Government department or agency considers that this standard does not provide for its
`essential needs, a statement citing specific requirements shall be sent in dupHcate to the General Services
`Administration (K), Washington, DC, 20405, in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Property Management
`Regulation 4l CFR 101-29.403-l. The General Services Administration will determine the appropriate action to hP
`taken and will notify the agency.
`
`PREPARING ACTIVITY:
`
`MILITARY INTERESTS:
`
`National ('_,ammunications System
`Office of Technology and Standards
`Washington, DC 2030 5
`
`Military Coordinating Activity
`DCA --DC
`
`Review Activities
`Army -- AD, CR
`Navy -- AS, OM
`RADC -- 26
`
`Custodians
`Army --Sc
`Navy -- EC
`Air Force -- 90
`JTCO --TT
`
`This document is available from the General Services Administration (GSA), acting as a~ent for the Su.Perintendent of
`Documents. A copy for bidding and contracting purposes is available from GSA Business Centers. Copies ar:~ for sale
`at the GSA Specification Unit (WFSIS), Room 6039, 7th and D Streets S.W., Washington, D.C. 20407; telephon'e (20'2)'
`472-2205. Please call in advance to arrange for pickup service.
`
`Provided by IHS
`Licensed by Information NP.ll:VR!f~gn'B'i!!!t"'l!tl>s'ei.!!l'd,,..ithoutlloonsefrom IHS
`
`8
`
`order Nurrtiar: W1957533
`Sold to:HA'fNES AND BOONE LLP [139297100001] JENNIFERSTEPHENS@HAYNESBOONE.COM,
`Not for Re•ale,2017-02-28 16:01:25 UTC
`
`Ex. 1036 / Page 10 of 10
`
`