52412015
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`Open- Hole Or Cased And Cern erted
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`Open-Hole Or Cased And Cemented
`
`mmmmMormmdmmvm
`mm
`
`tmm: mean. by simmers] As the use of multiple tracture
`stimulafions in horizontal weibores skyrocketed in recent yeals. a debate
`emerged overthe best comptetion method: open-hole be! drop orcased and
`cemented hoies‘?
`
`It boils down to a question at whether mechanical packets or cement provide the
`best means of isoiating between trac stages during muttipie commetions in
`helizontal weibores.
`
`Murray Heynoids. a veteran completions engneer with TAQA North Ltd.. iooked
`at the advantages and disadvantages of each system in a presentahon at an
`Intocast tight oi conterence in Catgary in September.
`
`The open-hoie bfl-drop system is typically associated with Calgary-based
`Packers Plus Energy Services Inc.. though a number of competitol also run
`similar systems. A packeris set in the external casing. uncemerled. In the case of
`the Packers Plus StackFFtAc system. bais made otthermai-piastic material such
`as Teflon are dropped into the we! to shift asleeve. isifiate the previous trac and
`
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`Other open-hoie systems use a dart instead ot a bal to shift the sieeve. Others
`use swefiabie packets where an eiastomereiement reacts with the wefibore fluid
`or temperature to expand. thus creating a seat with the open-hot. Depending on
`conditions. it couid take a week or more tor these to be set up in a wefibore beiore
`atrac operation begins.
`Most of the fractured horizontatwei compteions in western Canada use open-
`
` The Barnett shale is cunentty atmost 100 per cent cased and cenented.
`
`hoie packer-based systems. which may be the cheapestoption.
`
`3'9 3 Supply Chain
`Protessionat
`
`mynoids noted that earty experiments with open-hoie gave poorerresuttstrom
`the standpoint ot microseisrnic monitoring as we! as production pertormance.
`0n the otherside ot the debate are the advocates of tufly cemented tinels. These
`
`wees are typicaiy more expensive Aato complete. but altow maxinum control of
`fracture placement providing there is good Agcementing in the horizontal section.
`which can sometimes be achaSenge.
`
`Listing the pros and cons of each system. Reynost sad the big advantage of the
`open-note packer system is that it‘s a Racontinuous trac process It can be done
`quickty it logistics flow everything to be Iocated on site. "It you're pumping
`100.000 kiograms pertracture stage. you might not be able to d: itatt in one
`day.” he said.”But generaay...you can do 15 tracsin aday. or more."
`
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`52412015
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`Open- Hole Or Cased And Cent erted
`
`NEW TECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE SUPPLEMENT
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`FOUNDATIONS MAGAZINE
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`PRESCRIPTION FOR PROGRESS
`
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`I Foundations
`....._.._
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`Other advantages include high pump rates and the fact that there‘s no frac fluid or
`pmppant imit. Also. Reynolds said open-hole completions may enjoy a slight cost
`advaniage overcased and cemented m.
`
`the
`0n the downside. one of the disadvantages of open-hole Agsystems
`number of frac intervais has historicaily been iimited to about 2:: stages. AyBut
`now mtfltipfier systems Agate becoming available where we can trac up to 60
`stages:r Agso there may be fewer limits Agin the number of stages. Reynotds
`conceded.
`
`Open-hate systems have less controt over frac iength and frat: piacement. he
`said. ”In tight oi. as in fightgas. fracture hart-length is everything." Frac Aghaif-
`iength refers to the radial distance fmm the weflbore to the outer tip of a fracture.
`Aiso. he said seting the hydraufic paclmrs may create frac initiation points.
`
`If the bafis aren‘t recovered. the operator may need to ma out the bags and seats.
`adtfing significant cost. However. Reyndds noted one vendor has retrievable
`balliseat assemblies.
`
`Looking at the pros and cons of the cased and cemented systems. Reynolds said
`
`two big advantages are iongerfracs and more control over where each frat:
`initiates. He bebeves one of the biggest future innovations of cemean
`
`completions wfi be the opportunity to use cemented frac ports. which can be
`shifted with a ball or ctfied tubing.
`
`"This is. | th'nk. the future. We've run a coupie of these. We‘ve had] very good
`results in terms of fracture placement and productivity." he said about cemented
`frac ports. which he naked a"potentiai breakthrough technology for cemeMed
`completions."
`
`He said cemented frac ports are currently being used in relativeiyshwow
`appicafions such as in Viking fight oi in Saskatchewan.
`
`Other new technoioges iorcased-hoie flacisotation include composite bridge
`plugs that can be easEy mfled out Reynotds said Hafiburton Energy Services
`has a seit-removing bridge plug that can be set on a timer to explode into a lie of
`cetarru‘c dust-”a may good way to remove bridge plugs.”
`
`(in the downside. it takes Agionger to frac the same number of intenrals in a
`cased and cemented well than in an open-hate welt This is because of the time it
`take: to perforate and the fact that it isn't a continuous process.
`"People who are looking stn’cfly at cost are going to probably stick with bah-drop
`systems." Reyndds said. But if the operator and its sentice companies are adept-
`and don‘t encounter any pmblems that extend the operation-the cemean
`completion ”can be cost competitive.“ he added.
`
`In some cases. reservoir conditions may dictate the use of raised and cemented
`completions. In the Horn River. forexampie. packersystems can't withstand the
`high temperatures.
`Reynolds said many innovative toois and techniques are emerging that he
`beiieves have the poteniai to change the way mtjti-fracbtred horizontat webs are
`completed in the future. "Hang onto your hat-there‘s a tot of technical innovation
`going on.“ he said.
`
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`An expansion at the existing transportation
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` r"=_r‘-I.'i {ricer}: Lit-I. cot-i;..; 'i'rarrtsfl'e
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`Harnessing the Power of Data
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