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`OpenGL Overview
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`from games to virtual reality, mobile phones to supercomputers
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`About OpenGL
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`OpenGL Overview
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`OpenGL The Industry's Foundation for High Performance Graphics
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`About OpenGL
`The OpenGL Programming Visualization Programming Pipeline
`Available Everywhere
`Architected for Flexibility and Differentiation: Extensions
`API Hierarchy
`The Foundation for Advanced APIs
`Governance
`Continued Innovation through Extensions
`Licensing
`OpenGL Applications & Games
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`Most Widely Adopted Graphics Standard
`
`OpenGL is the premier environment for developing portable, interactive 2D and 3D graphics applications. Since
`its introduction in 1992, OpenGL has become the industry's most widely used and supported 2D and 3D
`graphics application programming interface (API), bringing thousands of applications to a wide variety of
`computer platforms. OpenGL fosters innovation and speeds application development by incorporating a broad
`set of rendering, texture mapping, special effects, and other powerful visualization functions. Developers can
`leverage the power of OpenGL across all popular desktop and workstation platforms, ensuring wide application
`deployment.
`
`High Visual Quality and Performance
`
`Any visual computing application requiring maximum performancefrom 3D animation to CAD to visual
`simulationcan exploit highquality, highperformance OpenGL capabilities. These capabilities allow
`developers in diverse markets such as broadcasting, CAD/CAM/CAE, entertainment, medical imaging, and
`virtual reality to produce and display incredibly compelling 2D and 3D graphics.
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`DeveloperDriven Advantages
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`OpenGL Overview
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`Industry standard
`An independent consortium, the OpenGL Architecture Review Board, guides the OpenGL specification.
`With broad industry support, OpenGL is the only truly open, vendorneutral, multiplatform graphics
`standard.
`Stable
`OpenGL implementations have been available for more than seven years on a wide variety of platforms.
`Additions to the specification are well controlled, and proposed updates are announced in time for
`developers to adopt changes. Backward compatibility requirements ensure that existing applications do
`not become obsolete.
`Reliable and portable
`All OpenGL applications produce consistent visual display results on any OpenGL APIcompliant
`hardware, regardless of operating system or windowing system.
`Evolving
`Because of its thorough and forwardlooking design, OpenGL allows new hardware innovations to be
`accessible through the API via the OpenGL extension mechanism. In this way, innovations appear in the
`API in a timely fashion, letting application developers and hardware vendors incorporate new features
`into their normal product release cycles.
`Scalable
`OpenGL APIbased applications can run on systems ranging from consumer electronics to PCs,
`workstations, and supercomputers. As a result, applications can scale to any class of machine that the
`developer chooses to target.
`Easy to use
`OpenGL is well structured with an intuitive design and logical commands. Efficient OpenGL routines
`typically result in applications with fewer lines of code than those that make up programs generated using
`other graphics libraries or packages. In addition, OpenGL drivers encapsulate information about the
`underlying hardware, freeing the application developer from having to design for specific hardware
`features.
`Welldocumented
`Numerous books have been published about OpenGL, and a great deal of sample code is readily
`available, making information about OpenGL inexpensive and easy to obtain.
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`The OpenGL Visualization Programming Pipeline
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`OpenGL operates on image data as well as geometric primitives.
`
`Simplifies Software Development, Speeds TimetoMarket
`OpenGL routines simplify the development of graphics software—from rendering a simple geometric point,
`line, or filled polygon to the creation of the most complex lighted and texturemapped NURBS curved surface.
`OpenGL gives software developers access to geometric and image primitives, display lists, modeling
`transformations, lighting and texturing, antialiasing, blending, and many other features.
`
`Every conforming OpenGL implementation includes the full complement of OpenGL functions. The well
`specified OpenGL standard has language bindings for C, C++, Fortran, Ada, and Java. All licensed OpenGL
`implementations come from a single specification and language binding document and are required to pass a set
`of conformance tests. Applications utilizing OpenGL functions are easily portable across a wide array of
`platforms for maximized programmer productivity and shorter timetomarket.
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`All elements of the OpenGL state—even the contents of the texture memory and the frame buffer—can be
`obtained by an OpenGL application. OpenGL also supports visualization applications with 2D images treated as
`types of primitives that can be manipulated just like 3D geometric objects. As shown in the OpenGL
`visualization programming pipeline diagram above, images and vertices defining geometric primitives are
`passed through the OpenGL pipeline to the frame buffer.
`
`Available Everywhere
`Supported on all UNIX® workstations, and shipped standard with every Windows 95/98/2000/NT and MacOS
`PC, no other graphics API operates on a wider range of hardware platforms and software environments.
`OpenGL runs on every major operating system including Mac OS, OS/2, UNIX, Windows 95/98, Windows
`2000, Windows NT, Linux, OPENStep, and BeOS; it also works with every major windowing system,
`including Win32, MacOS, Presentation Manager, and XWindow System. OpenGL is callable from Ada, C,
`C++, Fortran, Python, Perl and Java and offers complete independence from network protocols and topologies.
`
`Architected for Flexibility and Differentiation: Extensions
`Although the OpenGL specification defines a particular graphics processing pipeline, platform vendors have the
`freedom to tailor a particular OpenGL implementation to meet unique system cost and performance objectives.
`Individual calls can be executed on dedicated hardware, run as software routines on the standard system CPU,
`or implemented as a combination of both dedicated hardware and software routines. This implementation
`flexibility means that OpenGL hardware acceleration can range from simple rendering to full geometry and is
`widely available on everything from lowcost PCs to highend workstations and supercomputers. Application
`developers are assured consistent display results regardless of the platform implementation of the OpenGL
`environment.
`
`Using the OpenGL extension mechanism, hardware developers can differentiate their products by developing
`extensions that allow software developers to access additional performance and technological innovations.
`
`Many OpenGL extensions, as well as extensions to related APIs like GLU, GLX, and WGL, have been defined
`by vendors and groups of vendors. The OpenGL Extension Registry is maintained by SGI and contains
`specifications for all known extensions, written as modifications to the appropriate specification documents.
`The registry also defines naming conventions, guidelines for creating new extensions and writing suitable
`extension specifications, and other related documentation.
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`API Hierarchy
`
`OpenGL applications use the window system’s window, input, and event mechanism
`GLU supports quadrics, NURBS, complex polygons, matrix utilities, and more
`
`This diagram demonstrates the relationship between OpenGL GLU and windowing APIs.
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`The Foundation for Advanced APIs
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`Leading software developers use OpenGL, with its robust rendering libraries, as the 2D/3D graphics foundation
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`for higherlevel APIs. Developers leverage the capabilities of OpenGL to deliver highly differentiated, yet
`widely supported vertical market solutions. For example, Open Inventor provides a crossplatform user
`interface and flexible scene graph that makes it easy to create OpenGL applications. IRIS Performer < leverages
`OpenGL functionality and delivers additional features tailored for the demanding high frame rate markets such
`as visual simulation and virtual sets OpenGL Optimizer is a toolkit for realtime interaction, modification, and
`rendering of complex surfacebased models such as those found in CAD/CAM and special effects creation.
`OpenGL Volumizer is a highlevel immediate mode volume rendering API for the energy, medical and sciences
`markets. OpenGL Shader provides a common interface to support realistic visual effects, bump mapping,
`multiple textures, environment maps, volume shading and an unlimited array of new effects using hardware
`acceleration on standard OpenGL graphics cards.
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`Governance
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`The OpenGL Architecture Review Board (ARB), was an independent consortium formed in 1992, that
`governed the future of OpenGL, proposing and approving changes to the specification, new releases, and
`conformance testing. In Sept 2006, the ARB became the OpenGL Working Group under the Khronos Group
`consortium for open standard APIs.
`
`The OpenGL Performance Characterization Committee, another independent organization, creates and
`maintains OpenGL benchmarks and publishes the results of those benchmarks on its Web site:
`www.specbench.org/gpc/opc.static/index.html.
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`Continued Innovation
`
`The OpenGL standard is constantly evolving. Formal revisions occur at periodic intervals, and extensions
`allowing application developers to access the latest hardware advances through OpenGL are continuously being
`developed. As extensions become widely accepted, they are considered for inclusion into the core OpenGL
`standard. This process allows OpenGL to evolve in a controlled yet innovative manner.
`
`Licensing
`
`ARBapproved OpenGL specifications and source code are available to licensed hardware platform vendors.
`End users, independent software vendors, and others writing code based on the OpenGL API are free from
`licensing requirements. See SGI's Licensing web site for more information.
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`OpenGL Applications & Games
`
`OpenGL is the pervasive standard for 3D consumer and professional applications across all major OS platforms.
`A partial list for Window, Linux and MacOS are available in the products section.
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`OpenGL is a registered trademark of SGI
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`OpenGL Overview
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`Website Copyright 1997 2014 The Khronos Group. All rights reserved.
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