CA CANCER J
`
`CLIN 1996;65:5-27
`
`Cancer Statistics, 1996
`
`
`Sheryl L. Parker, MSPH
`Tony Tong, MS
`Sherry Bolden, BA
`Phyllis A. Wingo, PhD, MS
`
`We present incidence, mortality, and sur-
`vival statistics to provide a perspective on
`the patterns of cancer occurrence in the
`United States population. Estimates of
`the numbers of new cancer cases and
`
`deaths for 1996 are presented according
`to sex, site, and state. We also present in-
`formation on cancer and noncancer mor-
`
`tality, the probability of developing can-
`cer at certain ages, and cancer survival in
`adults and children.
`
`Incidence
`
`Because no nationwide cancer registry
`exists, there is no way of knowing exactly
`how many new cases of cancer are diag-
`nosed annually in the United States. We
`use cancer incidence data collected by the
`National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance,
`Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)
`program and US population data collect—
`ed by the Bureau of the Census to esti-
`mate the number of new cancer cases that
`
`are expected to be diagnosed in the com-
`
`Ms. Parker is an Epidemiologist in the Department
`of Epidemiology and Surveillance of the American
`Cancer Society in Atlanta, Georgia.
`
`Mr. Tong is a Research Analyst in the Department
`of Epidemiology and Surveillance of the American
`Cancer Society in Atlanta, Georgia.
`
`in the
`a Program Specialist
`Ms. Bolden is
`Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance of
`the American Cancer Society in Atlanta, Georgia.
`
`ing year (Table 1).1'3 The SEER program
`currently tabulates cancer data from nine
`population-based cancer registries in the
`following states and metropolitan areas:
`Connecticut, Hawaii, Iowa, New Mexico,
`Utah, San Francisco-Oakland, Detroit,
`Seattle, and Atlanta. These registries,
`which cover about 10 percent of the US
`population, are useful for monitoring the
`occurrence of cancer for the nation.1
`We calculated the 1996 estimates of
`
`new cancer cases using a two—step proce-
`dure. First, we applied incidence rates
`from the SEER program for 1979—1992
`to the US Census Bureau’s population
`projections for the same years to estimate
`the number of cancer cases diagnosed
`yearly from 1979 through 1992.1“3 We fit-
`ted these annual estimates to a quadratic
`function that is used to project an esti-
`mate of the number of new cancer cases
`
`expected to be diagnosed in 1996.“,5 Some
`additional adjustments were made for se-
`lected sites with recent variations in the
`
`estimated number of cases diagnosed.
`Cancer sites that were adjusted include
`the mouth, prostate, and thyroid in males
`and the eye, corpus and unspecified
`uterus, and selected other and unspeci-
`fied sites in females.
`The estimated number of new can-
`cer cases for each state was calculated us-
`
`ing 1996 estimates of new cancer cases for
`the United States and 1996 estimates of
`
`cancer deaths for each state (Table 3).
`Dr. Wingo is Director of the Surveillance Branch of
`For each cancer site, state estimates of
`the Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance
`new cancer cases were calculated by ap-
`of the American Cancer Society in Atlanta,
`Georgia.
`portioning the number of new cases for
`The authors thank Belinda Hill for her assistance in
`the United States as a whole according to
`the distribution of estimated state cancer
`the preparation of this manuscript.
`
`
`VOL. 46 NO. 1 JANUARY/FEBRUARY 1996
`
`Genenlech 2123
`Celltrion v. Genentech
`
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`
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`IPR2017-01122
`
`

`

`CANCER
`
`STATISTICS 1996
`
`deaths in 1996 (see mortality section for
`additional information on the estimation
`
`process).
`
`Mortality
`
`Mortality data on the number of cancer
`deaths that occur in the United States
`
`each year are collected and compiled by
`the National Center for Health Statistics
`
`(NCHS).6 We calculated the US esti-
`mates of cancer mortality for 1996 by fit-
`ting the number of cancer deaths report-
`ed for 1979-1992 to a quadratic function
`that is used to project an estimate of the
`number of cancer deaths expected to oc-
`cur in 1996 (Table 2).“~5 Estimates of
`state—specific cancer deaths were calcu—
`lated using the same model fitted with the
`actual number of reported deaths occur-
`ring in each state from 1979 through 1992
`(Table 4). Some additional adjustments
`were made for selected sites with recent
`variations in the estimated number of
`
`deaths. Cancer sites with such adjust-
`ments include other and unspecified sites
`in males and stomach, cervix uteri, and
`other and unspecified sites in females.
`The reported number of deaths in
`1992 that we present in this report were
`compiled using the most recent data
`available from NCHS (Tables 6-9 and
`12). Mortality rates were calculated using
`number of deaths reported to NCHS and
`US population data from the Bureau of
`the Census (Tables 7 and 12, Figs. 3 and
`4). All rates are standardized to the age
`distribution of the 1970 Census popula-
`tion. Age standardization is a statistical
`method used to remove the effects of age
`differences between populations for com-
`parison purposes.7
`
`Cancer in Minorities
`
`We present US mortality data on the 10
`leading sites of cancer death for minority
`populations (Table 10). Reported cancer
`deaths are based on the underlying cause
`of death as coded on death certificates for
`
`whites, African Americans, Native Amer-
`icans, Asians and Pacific Islanders, and
`Hispanics in 1992.6 Cancer deaths among
`Hispanic persons are presented only for
`the 48 states that record Hispanic origin
`on death certificates. In 1990 these states
`
`accounted for about 99.6 percent of the
`Hispanic population in the United
`States.8
`
`Probability of Developing Cancer
`
`Estimated probabilities of developing
`invasive cancers at certain ages were cal-
`culated by applying age-specific inci—
`dence and mortality rates from the
`SEER program for the years 1990-1992
`to a hypothetical group of 10 million
`persons (Table 5).1’9 For each five-year
`age interval from ages 0-4 through ages
`95 and older, the number of persons de-
`veloping a specific cancer and the num—
`ber of persons dying from other causes
`were calculated. The probability of be-
`ing diagnosed with a specific cancer dur-
`ing a given age interval was estimated by
`dividing the number of persons develop—
`ing cancer in that interval by the number
`of persons alive and free of that cancer
`at the beginning of the interval. The life-
`time probability of developing a specific
`cancer was estimated by summing all
`cancer cases that occurred in the hypo—
`thetical group from ages 0 through 95
`and older and dividing by 10 million.
`This procedure for estimating interval
`and lifetime cancer risk does not assume
`
`that all persons live to the end of an age
`interval or to any fixed age. It also does
`not take into account individual behav-
`
`iors and risk factors. For example, the
`estimated 5.38 percent of females likely
`to develop lung cancer is a low estimate
`for smokers and a high estimate for per-
`sons who do not smoke.
`
`Survival
`
`Five-year relative survival rates are com-
`monly used to monitor progress in the
`
`CA—A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLlNlClANS
`
`

`

`CA CANCER J
`
`CLlN 1996;65:5-27
`
`early detection and treatment of cancer.
`The rates are calculated by dividing the
`survival rate observed among a group of
`cancer patients by the rate for persons in
`the general population who are similar
`with respect to age, sex, race, and calen-
`dar year of observation. Five-year rela-
`tive survival rates are reasonable indica-
`
`tors of the average survival experience of
`cancer patients in a given population, but
`they are less informative when used to
`predict individual prognosis. The inter—
`pretation of five-year relative survival
`rates is difficult because the rates are
`
`based on patients whose treatment re-
`flected methods of medical practice at
`least eight years ago and also because an
`increase or decrease in survival may be
`caused by several
`factors,
`including
`changes in early detection techniques and
`in treatment strategies.
`We present five-year relative sur-
`vival rates by site, race, and stage at diag-
`nosis for cases diagnosed during the years
`1986-1991 (Fig. 6), as well as trend data
`from 1960 through 1991 for adults and
`children (Tables 11 and 13).],10 The rela-
`tive survival rates are based on the fol—
`
`low-up of patients through 1993 as re—
`ported to the SEER program.
`
`Cancer Around the World
`
`International mortality rates were calcu-
`lated from data made available by the
`World Health Organization (WHO)
`(Table 14), age-adjusted to the WHO
`standard world population.11
`Mortality data from China were re-
`ported for certain urban and rural areas
`in the eastern half of the country and in-
`cluded about 10 percent of the total Chi-
`nese population.
`
`Data Limitations
`
`Our estimates of new cases and deaths
`
`have limitations and should be interpret-
`ed with caution when used to study pat-
`terns in the occurrence of cancer. Al-
`
`VOL. 46 NO. 1 JANUARY/FEBRUARY 1996
`
`though the estimates are based on the
`most recent data, they are computed be-
`fore the year begins and based on data
`that are at least three years old. Other -
`sources of cancer data may be helpful for
`interpreting these data. Incidence and
`survival statistics are based only on inva-
`sive cancers, except for cancer of the uri-
`nary bladder, which includes carcinoma
`in situ.1 The number of deaths for minori-
`
`ties is likely to be underestimated due to
`underreporting of Asian, Pacific Islander,
`and Native American race and Hispanic
`ethnicity on death certificates.8
`
`References
`1. Kosary CL, Ries LAG, Miller BA, et al: SEER
`Cancer Statistics Review, 1973—1992: Tables and
`Graphs (NIH Pub. 95—2789). Bethesda, Md,
`National Cancer Institute, 1995.
`2. United States Bureau of the Census: Current
`Population Reports,
`P—25—1104, Population
`Projections of the United States, by Age, Sex, Race,
`and Hispanic Origin: 1993 to 2050. Washington,
`DC, Government Printing Office, 1993.
`3. United States Bureau of the Census: Current
`
`Population Reports, PPL—21, US. Population
`Estimates by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin:
`1990 to 1994. Washington, DC, Government
`Printing Office, 1995.
`. 4. Box GEP, Jenkins GM: Time Series Analysis:
`Forecasting
`and Control.
`San
`Francisco,
`Holden—Day, 1976.
`5. SAS Institute Inc.: The Forecast Procedure, in
`SAS/ETS User’s Guide, Version 6, First Edition.
`Cary, North Carolina, SAS Institute Inc., 1988.
`6. National Center for Health Statistics: Vital
`Statistics of the United States, 1992. Washington,
`DC, Public Health Service, 1995.
`7. Fleiss J: Statistical Methods for Rates and
`Proportions. New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1981.
`8. Kochanek KD, Hudson B: Advance Report of
`Final Mortality Statistics, 1992. Monthly Vital
`Statistics Report; Vol 43, No 6, Suppl. Hyattsville,
`MD, National Center for Health Statistics, 1995.
`9. Feuer EJ, Wun LM, Boring CC, et al: The life-
`time risk of developing breast cancer. J Natl Cancer
`Inst 1993;85:892—897.
`10. Sondik EJ, Young JL, Horm JW, et a]: 1985
`Annual Cancer Statistics Review (NIH Pub.
`86—2789). Bethesda, Md, National Cancer Institute,
`1986.
`11. World Health Organization: World Health
`Statistics Annuals, 1987—1993. Geneva, Switzer-
`land, World Health Organization.
`
`

`

`
`
`CANCER STATISTICS 1996
`
`Estimated New Cancer Cases by Sex for All Sites, US.1996*
`
`Table 1
`
`All Sites
`
`Buccal Cavity & Pharynx (ORAL)
`Lip
`Tongue
`Mouth
`Pharynx
`
`Digestive Organs
`sop agus
`Stomach
`Small Intestine
`seem low-mum
`liver and Biliary Passages
`ancreas
`Other and Unspecified Digestive
`
`Respiratory System
`Larynx
`LUNG
`Other & Unspecified Respiratory
`
`Bone
`
`Connective Tissue
`
`Melanoma of Skin
`
`BREAST
`
`}(UTERUS)
`
`Reproductive Organs
`Cervix Uteri
`Corpus & Unspecified
`Ovary
`Other & Unspecified Reproductive, Female
`Prostate
`Testis
`Other & Unspecified Reproductive, Male
`
`Urinary Organs
`Bladder
`Kidney & Other Urinary
`
`Eye
`
`Brain & Central Nervous System
`
`Endocrine Glands
`Thyroid
`Other Endocrine
`
`Leukemia
`Lymphocytic Leukemia
`Myelocytic Leukemia
`Other & Unspecified Leukemia
`
`Female
`
`594,050
`
`9,390
`690
`1,900
`4,100
`2,700
`
`103,388
`,
`8,800
`2,200
`age
`13088
`,
`1,900
`
`81,700
`2,400
`78,100
`1,200
`
`1,300
`
`2,900
`
`16,500
`
`184,300
`
`82,100
`15,700
`34,000
`26,700
`5,700
`
`Total
`
`1,350,150
`
`29,490
`3,190
`5,900
`11,300
`9,100
`
`222,500
`12,300
`22,800
`4,600
`23,333
`12388
`,
`3,100
`
`193,900
`11,600
`177,000
`5,300
`
`2,500
`
`6,400
`
`38,300
`
`185,700
`
`407,800
`15,700
`34,000
`26,700
`5,700
`317,100
`7,400
`1,200
`
`83,500
`52,900
`30,600
`
`1,930
`
`17,900
`
`17,030
`15,600
`1,430
`
`27,600
`11,000
`12,800
`3,800
`
`Male
`
`764,300
`
`20,100
`2,500
`4,000
`7,200
`6,400
`
`117,808
`9,40
`14,000
`2,400
`are
`13388
`,
`1,200
`
`112,200
`9,200
`98,900
`4,100
`
`1,200
`
`3,500
`
`21,800
`
`1,400
`
`325,700
`
`317,100
`7,400
`1,200
`
`56,800
`38,300
`18,500
`
`1,000
`
`10,400
`
`4,700
`4,000
`700
`
`15,300
`6,400
`6,600
`2,300
`
`
`
`Other Blood 8 Lymph Tissues
`Hodgkin's Disease
`Non-Hodgkin‘s Lymphoma
`Multiple Myeloma
`
`74,600
`41,600
`7,500
`4,000
`52,700
`29,900
`14,400
`7,700
`All Other & Unspecified Sites 30,800 50,000
`
`
`
`
`
`*Excludes basal and squamous cell skin cancers and in situ carcinomas except bladder.
`Carcinoma in situ of the breast accounts for about 30,000 new cases annually, and melanoma
`carcinoma in situ accounts for about 17,300 new cases annually. Basal and squamous cell skin
`cancers account for more than 800,000 new cases annually.
`
` 8
`
`CA—A CANCERJOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS
`
`

`

`
`
`CA CANC.ERJCLIN1996:65:5»27
`
`
`
`Table 2
`
`Estimated Cancer Deaths by Sex for All Sites. US.1996*
`
` All Sites
`554,740
`292,300
`
`
`Buccal Cavity & Pharynx (ORAL)
`8,260
`
`
`
`110
`80
`30
`Lip
`1,750
`1,100
`650
`Tongue
`
`
`Mouth
`2,400 _
`1,300
`1,100
`
`
`Pharynx
`4,000
`
`
`
`
`Digestive Organs
`125,410
`
`11,200
`8,500
`2,700
`Esophagus
`14,000
`8,300
`5,700
`Stomach
`
`
`Small Intestine
`1,140
`540
`600
`
`
`} (COLON-RECTUM)
`Large Intestine
`46,400
`22,700
`23,700
`Rectum
`8,500
`4,700
`3,800
`
`
`Liver and Biliary Passages
`15,200
`8,400
`6,800
`Pancreas
`27,800
`13,600
`14,200
`
`
`
`Other and Unspecified Digestive
`1,170
`
`
`Respiratory System
`164,380
`98,550
`65,830
`
`
`Larynx
`4,250
`3,300
`950
`LUNG
`158,700
`94,400
`64,300
`
`
`Other & Unspecified Respiratory
`1,430
`
`
`Bone
`1,380
`
`
` Connective Tissue
`3,700
`
`2,700
`4,600
`7,300
`Melanoma of Skin
`
`BREAST
`44,560
`
`
`Reproductive Organs
`68,890
`41,990
`26,900
`
`Cervix men
`4,000
`4,000
`}(UTERUS)
`
`
`Corpus & Unspecified
`6,000
`6,000
`Ovary
`14,800
`14,800
`
`
`Other 8 Unspecified Reproductive, Female
`1,200
`1,200
`
`
`
`41,400
`Prostate
`41,400
`370
`Testis
`370
`
`
`220
`Other & Unspecified Reproductive, Male
`220
`
`
`Urinary Organs
`23,700
`15,100
`8,600
`
`Bladder
`11,700
`7,800
`3,900
`Kidney 8. Other Urinary
`12,000
`7,300
`
`
`Eye
`250
`150
`100
` Brain & Central Nervous System
`13,300
`7,200
`1,140
`760
`1,900
`Endocrine Glands
`
`Thyroid
`.
`1,210
`440
`770
`
`
`Other Endocrine
`690
`320
`370
`
`
`Leukemia
`21,000
`11,600
`
`
`Lymphocytic Leukemia
`6,600
`3,700
`2,900
`
`
`
`
`Myelocytic Leukemia
`8,900
`5,000
`3,900
`Other & Unspecified Leukemia
`5,500
`2,900
`
`
`Other Blood & Lymph Tissues
`35,210
`18,550
`
`
`Hodgkin's Disease
`1,510
`850
`660
`23,300
`Non-Hodgkin‘s Lymphoma
`12,400
`10,900
`
`
`Multiple Myeloma
`10,400
`5,300
`5,100
`All Other & Unspecified SitesT 17,100 35,500 18,400
`
`*Excludes basal and squamous cell skin cancers and in situ carcinomas except bladder.
`
`
`Tlncludes about 2,100 nonmelanoma skin cancer deaths.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`VOL. 46 NO, 1 JANUARY/FEBRUARY1996
`
`9
`
`

`

`CANCER STATISTICS 1996
`
`Estimated New Cancer Cases by Site and State. US, 1996*
`
`Table 3
`
`Skin
`Mela-
`noma
`
`Leu-
`kemia
`
`Bladder
`
`Prostate
`
`4,900
`290
`5,200
`4,200
`29,500
`4,100
`4,400
`980
`810
`24,700
`
`7,600
`1,100
`1,400
`14,200
`6,100
`3,900
`3,200
`4,300
`5,600
`1,700
`
`6,400
`7,900
`12,000
`5,500
`4,100
`6,900
`1,200
`2,000
`1,600
`1,500
`
`10,000
`1,500
`20,200
`9,700
`1,200
`13,500
`4,200
`4,100
`18,200
`920
`
`4,900
`1,000
`6,000
`18,000
`1,900
`530
`7,400
`6,100
`2,200
`7,400
`510
`
`790
`20
`670
`280
`4,500
`610
`560
`120
`10
`2,700
`
`790
`70
`140
`1,700
`830
`470
`600
`630
`550
`190
`
`640
`1,100
`980
`540
`310
`1,000
`110
`120
`250
`180
`
`1,200
`300
`2,200
`1,200
`90
`1,300
`470
`640
`2,000
`170
`
`430
`90
`910
`2,400
`420
`100
`930
`850
`300
`690
`40
`
`Female
`Breast
`
`2,800
`190
`2,600
`1,900
`17,100
`2,100
`2,000
`660
`590
`11,900
`
`3,800
`530
`710
`9,500
`4,100
`2,600
`1,800
`2,600
`3,200
`1,000
`
`3,600
`4,600
`6,500
`3,000
`1,900
`3,600
`610
`1,300
`960
`870
`
`7,100
`1,000
`14,400
`4,800
`540
`8,900
`1,800
`2,000
`11,400
`990
`
`2,600
`620
`3,700
`11,500
`860
`360
`4,500
`3,500
`1,300
`3,700
`350
`
`22.900
`1,300
`21,200
`15,300
`125,800
`14,300
`17,500
`4,200
`3,700
`97,200
`
`30,600
`4,800
`4,800
`63,800
`31,100
`16,300
`13,400
`23,000
`22,500
`8,000
`
`26,000
`35,300
`50,600
`22,200
`15,000
`31,000
`4,500
`8,200
`8,000
`6,000
`
`45,100
`6,700
`94,500
`38,500
`3,700
`61,900
`16,900
`17,100
`77,500
`6,100
`
`19,500
`3,900
`28,400
`84,200
`5,500
`2,900
`31,600
`26,000
`11,800
`27,100
`2,000
`
`colon e
`Rectum
`
`1,700
`120
`1,800
`1,600
`11,800
`1,500
`1,700
`430
`430
`8,800
`
`2,600
`480
`470
`6,600
`3,100
`1,700
`1,300
`2,300
`2,100
`750
`
`2,800
`4,100
`5,300
`2,400
`1,300
`2,900
`400
`810
`690
`580
`
`4,800
`530
`9,700
`3,700
`330
`6,200
`1,600
`1,400
`8,200
`750
`
`2,100
`360
`3,000
`8,500
`670
`280
`2,800
`2,200
`1,200
`2,600
`170
`
`lung
`
`3,200
`170
`2,800
`2.500
`15,200
`1,600
`2,200
`580
`360
`13,600
`
`4,200
`570
`540
`7,700
`4,400
`1,900
`1,700
`3,700
`3,200
`1,100
`
`3,400
`4,200
`6,600
`2,400
`1,900
`4,500
`570
`970
`1,200
`740
`
`5,200
`700
`11,700
`5,200
`380
`8,400
`2,500
`2,400
`9,600
`770
`
`2,600
`450
`4,200
`11,700
`450
`420
`4,100
`3,400
`1,700
`3,000
`230
`
`Alabama
`Alaska
`Arizona
`Arkansas
`California
`Colorado
`Connecticut
`Delaware
`Dist. of Col.
`Florida
`
`Georgia
`Hawaii
`Idaho
`Illinois
`Indiana
`Iowa
`Kansas
`Kentucky
`Louisiana
`Maine
`
`Maryland
`Massachusetts
`Michigan
`Minnesota
`Mississippi
`Missouri
`Montana
`Nebraska
`Nevada
`New Hampshire
`
`New Jersey
`New Mexico
`New York
`North Carolina
`North Dakota
`Ohio
`Oklahoma
`Oregon
`Pennsylvania
`Rhode Island
`
`South Carolina
`South Dakota
`Tennessee
`Texas
`Utah
`Vermont
`Virginia
`Washington
`West Virginia
`Wisconsin
`Wyoming
`
`cervix
`llteri
`
`220
`20
`150
`200
`1,800
`160
`110
`60
`50
`1,200
`
`210
`30
`30
`760
`380
`170
`140
`310
`150
`60
`
`310
`300
`620
`170
`200
`420
`40
`30
`90
`100
`
`440
`90
`1,300
`360
`10
`770
`240
`120
`970
`50
`
`240
`30
`300
`1,300
`80
`40
`330
`180
`100
`280
`20
`
`290
`40
`440
`310
`3,200
`350
`400
`210
`140
`2,500
`
`680
`130
`120
`1,500
`400
`210
`290
`480
`560
`240
`
`660
`830
`990
`430
`490
`460
`80
`180
`120
`180
`
`950
`220
`1,800
`940
`60
`1,000
`170
`330
`1,200
`90
`
`480
`50
`580
`2,400
`70
`40
`680
`550
`260
`570
`40
`
`
`
`United StatesT
`
`1,359,150184,300
`
`133,500
`
`177,000
`
`29,490
`
`15,700
`
`317,100
`
`38,300
`
`52,900
`
`27,600
`
`*Excludes basal and squamous cell skin cancers and in situ carcinomas except bladder.
`TState estimates may not add to US total due to rounding.
`
`10
`
`CA—A CANCERJOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS
`
`

`

`
`
`CA CANCER J CLIN i996:65:5~27
`
`Cancer Mortality by Site and State, US. 1996*
`
`Table 4
`
`Estimated Number of Deaths
`
`Mortality Rate
`per 100,000
`
`Female
`Breast
`
`Golan &
`Rectum
`
`lung
`
`Ural
`
`Skin
`leu-
`Mela-
`Cervix
`
`
`Prostate nnma Bladderllteri kemia
`
`Alabama
`Alaska
`Arizona
`Arkansas
`California
`Colorado
`Connecticut
`Delaware
`Dist. of Got.
`Florida
`
`Georgia
`Hawaii
`Idaho
`Illinois
`Indiana
`Iowa
`Kansas
`Kentucky
`Louisiana
`Maine
`
`Maryland
`Massachusetts
`Michigan
`Minnesota
`Mississippi
`Missouri
`Montana
`Nebraska
`Nevada
`New Hampshire
`
`New Jersey
`New Mexico
`New York
`North Carolina
`North Dakota
`Ohio
`Oklahoma
`Oregon
`Pennsylvania
`Rhode Island
`
`South Carolina
`South Dakota
`Tennessee
`Texas
`Utah
`Vermont
`Virginia
`Washington
`West Virginia
`Wisconsin
`Wyoming
`
`
`
`670
`50
`620
`470
`4,100
`500
`470
`160
`140
`2,800
`
`910
`130
`170
`2,300
`990
`620
`440
`620
`770
`240
`
`870
`1,100
`1,600
`730
`460
`860
`150
`300
`230
`210
`
`1,700
`240
`3,500
`1,100
`130
`2,100
`430
`490
`2,700
`240
`
`620
`150
`880
`2,800
`210
`90
`1,100
`830
`320
`880
`80
`
`700
`50
`750
`640
`4,800
`620
`710
`180
`170
`3,600
`
`1,100
`200
`190
`2,700
`1,300
`720
`530
`940
`870
`310
`
`1,200
`1,700
`2,200
`970
`550
`1,200
`160
`330
`280
`240
`
`2,000
`220
`4,000
`1,500
`140
`2,500
`670
`570
`3,400
`310
`
`880
`150
`1,200
`3,500
`270
`110
`1,100
`910
`500
`1,100
`70
`
`2,900
`150
`2,500
`2,300
`13,700
`1,400
`2,000
`520
`320
`12,200
`
`3,800
`510
`480
`6,900
`3,900
`1,700
`1,600
`3,300
`2,900
`970
`
`3,100
`3,800
`5,900
`2,200
`1,700
`4,000
`510
`870
`1,100
`660
`
`4,700
`630
`10,500
`4,600
`340
`7,500
`2,200
`2,100
`8,600
`690
`
`2,400
`410
`3,800
`10,500
`400
`380
`3,600
`3,100
`1,500
`2,700
`200
`
`80
`10
`120
`90
`880
`100
`110
`60
`40
`700
`
`190
`40
`30
`430
`110
`60
`80
`140
`160
`70
`
`190
`230
`280
`120
`140
`130
`20
`50
`30
`50
`
`270
`60
`510
`260
`20
`290
`50
`90
`340
`30
`
`140
`10
`160
`680
`20
`10
`190
`160
`70
`160
`10
`
`70
`10
`50
`60
`560
`50
`30
`20
`10
`370
`
`70
`10
`10
`240
`120
`50
`40
`100
`50
`20
`
`100
`90
`190
`50
`60
`130
`10
`10
`30
`30
`
`140
`30
`400
`110
`5
`240
`80
`40
`300
`20
`
`80
`10
`90
`410
`30
`10
`100
`60
`30
`90
`10
`
`640
`40
`680
`550
`3,900
`540
`570
`130
`110
`3,200
`
`990
`150
`190
`1,900
`800
`510
`420
`560
`730
`220
`
`840
`1,000
`1,600
`720
`530
`900
`160
`260
`210
`200
`
`1,300
`200
`2,600
`1,300
`150
`1,800
`550
`530
`2,400
`120
`
`650
`130
`790
`2,300
`240
`70
`960
`790
`290
`970
`0
`7
`
`150
`5
`130
`50
`860
`120
`110
`20
`5
`510
`
`150
`10
`30
`320
`160
`90
`110
`120
`100
`40
`
`120
`210
`190
`100
`60
`200
`20
`20
`50
`30
`
`230
`60
`430
`230
`20
`250
`90
`120
`390
`30
`
`80
`20
`170
`460
`80
`20
`180
`160
`60
`130
`10
`
`160
`10
`170
`100
`1,100
`140
`180
`60
`30
`950
`
`170
`30
`30
`530
`270
`170
`80
`170
`130
`50
`
`210
`400
`490
`180
`60
`240
`40
`60
`40
`60
`
`470
`60
`900
`300
`40
`570
`130
`160
`660
`70
`
`180
`50
`230
`610
`50
`30
`260
`230
`140
`260
`10
`
`380
`10
`420
`210
`2,100
`250
`280
`50
`60
`1,400
`
`480
`50
`80
`1,100
`480
`300
`240
`340
`380
`120
`
`330
`520
`800
`450
`220
`500
`80
`100
`120
`60
`
`680
`120
`1,300
`530
`60
`920
`250
`270
`1,200
`90
`
`230
`70
`380
`1,300
`80
`40
`460
`450
`170
`400
`40
`
`UnitedStatesT -554,740 44,300
`
`54,900158,700
`
`8,260
`
`4,900
`
`41,400
`
`7,30011,700
`
`21,000
`
`*Exciudes basal and squamous cell skin cancers and in situ carcinomas except bladder.
`
`TState estimates may not add to US total due to rounding.
`
`
`VOL. 46 NO. 1 JANUARY/FEBRUARY 1996
`
`ii
`
`

`

`
`CANCER STATISTICS 1996
`
`Figure 1
`1996 Estimated New Cancer Cases. United States
`
`Percent Distribution of Sites by Sex"
`
`Melanoma of Skin
`
`3% -"""'T
`
`Melanoma of Skin
`
`Oral
`
`Breast
`
`Lung
`Pancreas
`
`00'0“ & Rectum
`Ovary
`Cervix Uteri
`
`Corpus & Unspecified Uterus
`.
`Urinary
`Leukemia & Lymphomas
`All Other
`
`Oral
`
`3% —-—'—'
`
`Lung
`
`13% —-_._.__
`
`Pancreas
`Stomach
`
`2% \
`2% /
`
`/ /
`
`Colon & Rectum
`
`9%
`
`Prostate
`
`41%
`
`Urinary
`
`Leukemia & Lymphomas
`
`All Other
`
`7%
`
`6%
`
`14%
`/
`
`
`
`Figure 2
`1996 Estimated Cancer Deaths. United States
`
`Percent Distribution of Sites by Sex*
`
`Melanoma of Skin
`
`2%
`
`Melanoma of Skin
`
`Oral
`
`2% —'—'—
`
`Lung
`
`32%
`
`Pancreas
`Stomach
`
`5% \
`3%
`
`Colon & Rectum
`
`Prostate
`
`9% 7
`
`1 4%
`
`Urinary
`
`Leukemia & Lymphomas
`
`5%
`
`9%
`
`All Other
`
`19%
`
`Oral
`
`Breast
`
`Lung
`Pancreas
`
`Colon & Rectum
`
`Ovary
`
`Cervix Uteri
`
`Corpus & Unspecified Uterus
`
`Urinary
`
`Leukemia & Lymphomas
`
`All Other
`
`*Excludes basal and squamous cell skin cancers and carcinoma in situ except bladder.
`
`12
`
`CA~—A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLlNlClANS
`
`

`

`
`
`CLIN
`CA CANCER
`|996:65:5'27
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`
`13
`
`VOL. 46 No.1 JANUARY/FEBRUARY1996
`
`

`

`
`CANCER STATISTICS I996
`
`Females by Site, United States. 1930—1992
`
`Figure 3
`Age-Adjusted Cancer Death Rates*
`
`80
`
`— — — Pancreas
`
`60 — -- — Ovary
`
`Lung
`
`Stomach
`
`
`
`01O
`
`---——-
`
`Colon & Rectum
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Rateper100,000FemalePopulation AO
`
`
`1930
`
`1940
`
`1950
`
`1960
`
`1970
`
`1980
`
`1990
`
`Year
`
`Note: Due to changes in the ICD coding, numerator information has changed over time. Denominator
`information for the years 1930-1967 and 1991—1992 is based on intercensal population estimates, while
`denominator information for the years 1968-1990 is based on postcensal recalculation of estimates.
`*Rates per 100,00 age-adjusted to the 1970 standard US population.
`TUterine cancer death rates are for cevix and corpus combined.
`
`
`14
`
`CAiA CANCERJOURNAL FOR CLlNlClANS
`
`

`

`
`
`CA CANCER J CLiN 1996:65:S~27
`
`Figure 4
`Age-Adjusted Cancer Death Rates"
`Males by Site. United States. 1930—1992
`
`Pancreas
`
`Prostate
`
`Liver
`
`Lung
`
`Stomach
`
`Colon & Rectum
`
`=a.—H
`2=a.an.
`
`2 gaaqaa.
`
`
`
`—hua
`
`.
`
`I:Hcu:
`
`~...
`
`\—I-...____——-’
`
`1930
`
`1940
`
`1950
`
`1960
`
`1970
`
`1980
`
`1990
`
`Year
`
`Note: Due to changes in the iCD coding, numerator information has changed over time. Rates for cancer
`of the liver are particularly affected by these coding changes. Denominator information for the years
`1930-1967 and 1991-1992 is based on intercensal population estimates, while denominator information
`for the years 1968-1990 is based on postcensal recalculation of estimates.
`*Rates per 100,000 age-adjusted to the 1970 US standard population.
`
`
`
`VOL. 46 NO. 1 JANUARY/FEBRUARY1996
`
`15
`
`

`

`
`
`CANCER STATISTICS 1996
`
`
`
`Reported Deaths. 10 Leading Causes of Death
`
`Table 6
`
`by Age and Sex. United States, 1992
`
`
` All Ages
`Male
`Female
`
`
`Ages 0-14
`Ages 15-34
`
`
`Male
`Female
`Male
`Female
`All Causes
`All Causes
`All Causes
`All Causes
`All Causes
`All Causes
`
`
`1,053,277
`1,122,336
`28,434
`21,151
`69,102
`23,927
`
`
`
`1 Heart
`Heart
`Diseases of
`Diseases of
`Accidents
`Accidents
`
`
`
`
`Diseases
`Diseases
`Infancy
`Infancy
`20,999
`6,461
`
`
`357,545
`360,161
`8,809
`6,897
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`2 Cancer
`Cancer
`Congenital
`Congenital
`Homicide
`Cancer
`
`274,838
`245,740
`Anomalies
`Anomalies
`12,723
`3,457
`
`
`
`
`
`4,732
`4,021
`
`
`3 Accidents
`Cerebro—
`Accidents
`Accidents
`HIV
`Homicide
`
`
`
`vascular
`57,862
`4,256
`2,418
`Infection
`2,639
`
`
`Diseases
`9,384
`
`
`87,124
`
`
`4 Cerebro-
`Chronic
`Cancer
`Cancer
`Suicide
`Suicide
`
`
`
`
`Obstructive
`vascular
`937
`742
`9,146
`1,719
`
`
`
`Diseases
`Lung Diseases
`
`56,645
`41,473
`
`
`
`5 Chronic
`Pneumonia,
`Homicide
`Heart
`Cancer
`HIV
`
`
`Obstructive
`Influenza
`798
`Diseases
`3,655
`Infection
`
`
`592 1,620
`
`Lung Diseases 40,254
`
`
`
`
`50,465
`
`Accidents
`6 Pneumonia,
`Heart
`Heart
`Heart
`
`
`Influenza
`28,915
`Disease
`Diseases
`Diseases
`
`35,465
`694
`2,900
`1,491
`
`
`
`
`
`
`7 HIV
`Diabetes
`Pneumonia,
`Pneumonia,
`Pneumonia,
`Cerebro-
`
`Infection
`28,395
`Influenza
`Influenza
`Influenza
`vascular
`
`
`29,325
`505
`387
`537
`Diseases
`
`
`
`
`
`475
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`8 Suicide
`Nephritis
`Suicide
`Septicemia
`Congenital
`Congenital
`11,346
`24,457
`232
`172
`Anomalies
`Anomalies
`
`
`533
`383
`
`
`
`
`
`9 Diabetes
`Septicemia
`HIV
`HIV
`Cirrhosis
`Pneumonia,
`21,672
`11,140
`Infection
`Infection
`of Liver
`Influenza
`
`
`
`
`202
`163
`519
`346
`
`
`10 Homicide
`Diseases
`Cerebral
`Cerebral
`Cerebro-
`Diabetes
`
`
`
`
`20,115
`of Arteries
`Palsy
`Palsy
`vascular
`332
`
`
`
`10,833
`181
`159
`Diseases
`
`
`
`
`518
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Homicide
`545
`
`16
`
`CA—A CANCERJOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`CA CANCER J
`
`CLlN
`1996;65:5-27
`
`Table 6
`
`Reported Deaths, 10 Leading Causes of Death
`by Age and Sex. United States. 1992
`
`Ages 35-54
`
`Ages 55-74
`
`Ages 15+
`
`All Causes
`74,054
`
`Cancer
`29,961
`
`Hean
`Diseases
`11,383
`
`Accidents
`4,772
`
`Cerebro-
`vascular
`Diseases
`3,427
`
`Suicide
`2,348
`
`Cirrhosis
`of Liver
`2,152
`
`HIV
`Infection
`2,130
`
`Diabetes
`2,032
`
`All Causes
`421 ,ll45
`
`Hean
`Diseases
`145,737
`
`Cancer
`141,171
`
`All Causes
`297,352
`
`Cancer
`111,663
`
`Hean
`Diseases
`83,308
`
`All Causes
`451,133
`
`Heart
`Diseases
`175,433
`
`Cancer
`100,931
`
`Chronic
`Obstructive
`Lung Diseases
`21,811
`
`Chronic
`Obstructive
`Lung Diseases
`16,992
`
`Cerebro-
`vascular
`Diseases
`34,066
`
`All Causes
`835,165
`
`Heart
`Diseases
`263,352
`
`Cancer
`99,904
`
`Cerebro-
`vascular
`Diseases
`66,354
`
`Cerebro-
`vascular
`Diseases
`17,926
`
`Diabetes
`9,933
`
`Cerebro-
`vascular
`Diseases
`16,755
`
`Diabetes
`11,152
`
`Accidents
`9,402
`
`Pneumonia,
`Influenza
`5,537
`
`Chronic
`Obstructive
`Lung Diseases
`26,732
`
`Pneumonia,
`Intuenza
`32,925
`
`Pneumonia,
`Influenza
`24,352
`
`Chronic
`Obstructive
`Lung Diseases
`22,745
`
`Diabetes
`8,489
`
`Diabetes
`14,863
`
`Pnuemonia,
`Influenza
`8,128
`
`Accidents
`5,160
`
`Accidents
`8,371
`
`Accidents
`10,097
`
`Cirrhosis
`of Liver
`7,794
`
`Cirrhosis
`of Liver
`4,250
`
`Diseases
`of Arteries
`7,032
`
`Athero-
`sclerosis
`9,297
`
`7,737
`
`All Causes
`142,255
`
`Heart
`Diseases
`32,728
`
`Cancer
`28,127
`
`HIV
`Infection
`17,648
`
`Accidents
`14,723
`
`Suicide
`7,679
`
`Cirrhosis
`of Liver
`6,025
`
`Homicide
`5,062
`
`Cerebro-
`vascular
`Diseases
`3,955
`
`Diabetes
`2,771
`
`Substance
`Abuse
`2,195
`
`Chronic
`Obstructive
`Lung Diseases
`1 ,448
`
`Diseases
`of Arteries
`6,458
`
`Diseases
`of Arteries
`3,117
`
`Homicide
`1,444
`
`Suicide
`4,818
`
`Nephritis
`2,931
`
`Nephritis
`6,434
`
`Athero—
`sclerosis
`4,664
`
`Alzheimer‘s
`Disease
`8,233
`
`Nephritis
`
`
`l7
`
`VOL. 46 NO.1JANUARY/FEBRUARY1996
`
`

`

`
`
`CANCER STATISTICS i996
`
`United States. 1992
`
`Mortality for Leading Causes of Death
`
`Table 7
`
`Rank
`
`Cause of Death
`
`Number
`of
`neaths
`
`Death Rate
`per 100,000
`Population*
`
`Percent
`of Total
`Deaths
`
`All Causes
`
`2,175,013
`
`579.15
`
`100.0
`
`1
`
`2
`
`3
`
`4
`
`5
`
`6
`
`7
`
`8
`
`9
`
`10
`
`11
`
`12
`
`13
`
`14
`
`15
`
`Heart Diseases
`
`717,706
`
`214.1
`
`Cancer
`
`520,578
`
`172.2
`
`Cerebrovascular Diseases
`
`143,769
`
`Chronic Obstructive Lung Diseases
`
`91,938
`
`Accidents
`
`Pneumonia & Influenza
`
`Diabetes
`
`HIV Infection
`
`Suicide
`
`Homicide
`
`Diseases of Arteries
`
`Cirrhosis of Liver
`
`Nephritis
`
`Septicemia
`
`Atherosclerosis
`
`86,777
`
`75,719
`
`50,067
`
`33,566
`
`30,484
`
`25,488
`
`25,337
`
`25,263
`
`22,162
`
`19,667
`
`16,831
`
`41.1
`
`28.4
`
`30.6
`
`20.9
`
`15.9
`
`10.6
`
`10.8
`
`9.5
`
`7.7
`
`9.0
`
`6.5
`
`5.8
`
`4.5
`
`33.0
`
`23.9
`
`6.6
`
`4.2
`
`4.0
`
`3.5
`
`2.3
`
`1.5
`
`1.4
`
`1.2
`
`1.2
`
`1.2
`
`1.0
`
`0.9
`
`0.8
`
`
`
`Other & Ill-defined
`
`290,261
`
`91.8
`
`13.3
`
`*Age-adjusted to the 1970 US standard population.
`
`
`
`18
`
`CA~A CANCERJOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS
`
`

`

`
`
`CA CANCER J CLIN 1996;65:5-27
`
`Table 8
`
`Reported Deaths for the Five Leading Cancer Sites
`for Males by Age, United States. 1992
`
`All Ages
`
`All Cancer
`214,838
`
`Lung
`91,405
`
`Prostate
`34,240
`
`Colon &
`Rectum
`28,434
`
`Pancreas
`12,672
`
`Leukemia
`10,609
`
`Under 15
`
`All Cancer
`5131
`
`Leukemia
`375
`
`Brain &
`CNS
`218
`
`Endocnne
`93
`
`Non-
`Hodgkin's
`Lymphomas
`53
`
`Connective
`Tissue
`49
`
`15-34
`
`All Cancer
`3,355
`
`Leukemia
`676
`
`Non-
`Hodgkin's
`Lymphomas
`524
`
`Brain &
`CNS
`454
`
`Skin
`241
`
`Hodgkin's
`Disease
`232
`
`35-54
`
`All Cancer
`28,127
`
`Lung
`8,882
`
`Colon &
`Rectum
`2,490
`
`Non-
`Hodgkin‘s
`Lymphomas
`1,749
`Brain &
`CNS
`1,550
`
`Pancreas
`1,330
`
`55-74
`
`All Cancer
`141,111
`
`Lung
`54,973
`
`Colon &
`Rectum
`13,823
`
`Prostate
`12,407
`
`Pancreas
`6,904
`
`Non-
`Hodgkin's
`Lymphomas
`4,684
`
`CNS = central nervous system
`
`Table 9
`
`Reported Deaths for the Five Leading Cancer Sites
`for Females by Age. United States. 1992
`
`llmler 15
`
`15-34
`
`35-54
`
`55-74
`
`4,742
`
`15+
`
`All Cancer
`103,331
`
`Lung
`27,394
`Prostate
`21 ,486
`
`Colon &
`Rectum
`11,922
`
`Pancreas
`4,390
`
`Leukemia
`3,959
`
`All Cancer
`39,904
`
`Lung
`17510
`
`Colon &
`Rectum
`15,956
`
`Breast
`13,811
`
`Pancreas
`6,767
`
`Ovary
`
`All Ages
`
`All Cancer
`245,14ll
`
`Lung
`54538
`
`Breast
`43,068
`
`Colon &
`Rectum
`28,942
`
`Pancreas
`13,399
`
`Ovary
`13,393
`
`All Cancer
`25,551
`
`Breast
`9,239
`
`All Cancer
`142
`
`Leukemia
`257
`
`Brain &
`CNS
`218
`
`Endocnne
`80
`
`Bone
`35
`
`All Cancer
`3,451
`
`Breast
`61 5
`
`Leukemia
`460
`
`Cervix
`Uteri
`347
`
`Brain &
`CNS
`301
`
`Connective
`Tissue
`31
`
`Non-
`Hodgkin's
`Lymphomas
`218
`
`All Cancer
`111,333
`
`Lung
`31,399
`
`Breast
`19,395
`
`Colon &
`Rectum
`10,774
`
`Ovary
`6,679
`
`Pancreas
`5,763
`
`CNS = central nervous system
`
`
`VOL. 46 NO. 1 JANUARY/FEBRUARY1996
`
`i9
`
`

`

`
`
`CANCER STATISTICS 1996
`
`Table 10
`
`Reported Cancer Deaths by Race and Ethnicity,
`United States. 1992. 10 Leading Sites of Cancer Death
`and Percent of Total Cancer Deaths
`
`African
`American
`
`Native
`American‘vz
`
`All Sites
`50,401
`100.0%
`
`Lung
`15,472
`26.5%
`
`All Sins
`1,473
`100.0%
`
`Lung
`381
`25.9%
`
`Asian
`and Pacific
`Islander2
`
`All Sites
`0,113
`100.0%
`
`Lung
`1,371
`22.2%
`
`Hispanic3
`
`All Site:
`15,218
`100.0%
`
`Lung
`2,674
`17.6%
`
`Colon & Rectum
`6,073
`10.4%
`
`Prostate
`5,485
`9.4%
`
`Colon & Rectum
`119
`8.1%
`
`Female Breast
`105
`7.1%
`
`Colon 8 Rectum
`668
`10.8%
`
`Colon & Rectum
`1,466
`9.6%
`
`Liver & Other Biliary
`653
`10.6%
`
`Female Breast
`1,297
`8.5%
`
`Female Breast
`4,779
`8.2%
`
`Liver & Other Biliary
`87
`5.9%
`
`Stomach
`523
`8.5%
`
`Liver & Other Biliary
`913
`6.0%
`
`All Sites
`454,516
`100.0%
`
`Lung
`128,704
`28.3%
`
`Colon & Rectum
`50,516
`11.1%
`
`Female Breast
`37,797
`8.3%
`
`Prostate
`28,430
`6. 3%
`
`Pancreas
`22,519
`5.0%
`
`Lymphoma
`20,074
`4.4%
`
`Leukemia
`17,405
`3.8%
`
`Ovary
`12,142
`2.7%
`
`
`
`Pancreas
`3,180
`5.4%
`
`Stomach
`2,213
`3.8%
`
`Esophagus
`1,897
`3.2%
`
`Leukemia
`1,587
`2.7%
`
`Liver & Other Biliiary
`11,283
`2.5%
`
`Multiple Myeloma
`1,543
`2.6%
`
`Brain & CNS
`11,132
`2.4%
`
`Liver & Other Biliary
`1,476
`2.5%
`
`Prostate
`87
`5.9%
`
`Stomach
`67
`4.5%
`
`Pancreas
`63
`4.3%
`
`Leukemia
`55
`3.7%
`
`Kidney
`53
`3.6%
`
`Ovary
`41
`2.8%
`
`Female Breast
`387
`6.3%
`
`Pancreas
`309
`5.0%
`
`Lymphoma
`263
`4.3%
`
`Prostate
`238
`3.9%
`
`Leukemia
`225
`3.6%
`
`Stomach
`885
`5.8%
`
`Prostate
`873
`5.7%
`
`Lymphoma
`851
`5.6%
`
`Pancreas
`850
`5.6%
`
`Leukemia
`739
`4.9%
`
`Ovary
`Oral Cavity
`454
`1 56
`3.0%
`2.5%
`
`
`Note: Since each column includes only the top 10 cancer sites, site-specific numbers and percentages do not add
`up to the all-sites totals.
`1Includes American Indians and Native Alaskans.
`2Numbers are likely to be underestimates due to underreporting of Asian, Pacific Islander, and Native American
`race on death certificates.
`3Persons classified as of Hispanic origin on death certificates may be of any race. Hispanic origin is reported
`for all states except New Hampshire and Oklahoma. In 1990 the 48 states from which data were collected accounted
`for about 99.6% of the Hispanic popul