`(cid:5)(cid:15)(cid:14)(cid:15)(cid:23)(cid:9)(cid:17)(cid:4)(cid:20)(cid:18)(cid:18)(cid:20)(cid:19)(cid:22)(cid:3)(cid:8)(cid:19)(cid:15)(cid:24)(cid:12)(cid:21)(cid:22)(cid:15)(cid:23)(cid:25)(cid:1)(cid:20)(cid:13)(cid:1)(cid:7)(cid:12)(cid:10)(cid:21)(cid:9)(cid:22)(cid:16)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:1)(cid:6)(cid:15)(cid:19)(cid:11)(cid:20)(cid:17)(cid:19)
`(cid:18)(cid:40)(cid:37)(cid:44)(cid:41)(cid:35)(cid:33)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:33)(cid:45)(cid:36)(cid:1)(cid:17)(cid:41)(cid:46)(cid:44)(cid:46)(cid:43)(cid:37)(cid:35)(cid:51)(cid:43)(cid:33)(cid:48)(cid:1)(cid:20)(cid:45)(cid:39)(cid:41)(cid:45)(cid:37)(cid:37)(cid:48)(cid:41)(cid:45)(cid:39)(cid:1)(cid:28)(cid:37)(cid:49)(cid:37)(cid:33)(cid:48)(cid:35)(cid:40)
`(cid:33)(cid:45)(cid:36)(cid:1)(cid:27)(cid:51)(cid:34)(cid:43)(cid:41)(cid:35)(cid:33)(cid:50)(cid:41)(cid:46)(cid:45)(cid:49)
`
`(cid:27)(cid:33)(cid:47)(cid:37)(cid:48)(cid:49)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:45)(cid:1)(cid:17)(cid:41)(cid:46)(cid:44)(cid:33)(cid:50)(cid:37)(cid:48)(cid:41)(cid:33)(cid:43)(cid:49)
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`
`(cid:8)(cid:26)(cid:28)(cid:28)(cid:18)(cid:22)(cid:25)(cid:1)(cid:10)(cid:26)(cid:30)(cid:27)(cid:18)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:22)(cid:25)(cid:22)
`(cid:7)(cid:16)(cid:26)(cid:13)(cid:27)(cid:29)(cid:23)(cid:16)(cid:24)(cid:29)(cid:1)(cid:25)(cid:17)(cid:1)(cid:6)(cid:19)(cid:16)(cid:23)(cid:20)(cid:15)(cid:13)(cid:22)(cid:1)(cid:8)(cid:24)(cid:18)(cid:20)(cid:24)(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:27)(cid:20)(cid:24)(cid:18)(cid:2)(cid:1)(cid:12)(cid:24)(cid:20)(cid:30)(cid:16)(cid:27)(cid:28)(cid:20)(cid:29)(cid:31)(cid:1)(cid:25)(cid:17)(cid:1)(cid:10)(cid:16)(cid:14)(cid:27)(cid:13)(cid:28)(cid:21)(cid:13)(cid:3)(cid:9)(cid:20)(cid:24)(cid:15)(cid:25)(cid:22)(cid:24)(cid:5)(cid:1)(cid:40)(cid:45)(cid:46)(cid:51)(cid:48)(cid:37)(cid:36)(cid:36)(cid:15)(cid:51)(cid:45)(cid:43)(cid:45)(cid:46)(cid:50)(cid:37)(cid:49)(cid:7)(cid:51)(cid:45)(cid:43)(cid:7)(cid:37)(cid:36)(cid:51)
`
`(cid:4)(cid:1)(cid:5)(cid:2)(cid:1)(cid:12)(cid:18)(cid:26)(cid:21)
`(cid:7)(cid:16)(cid:26)(cid:13)(cid:27)(cid:29)(cid:23)(cid:16)(cid:24)(cid:29)(cid:1)(cid:25)(cid:17)(cid:1)(cid:6)(cid:19)(cid:16)(cid:23)(cid:20)(cid:15)(cid:13)(cid:22)(cid:1)(cid:8)(cid:24)(cid:18)(cid:20)(cid:24)(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:27)(cid:20)(cid:24)(cid:18)(cid:2)(cid:1)(cid:12)(cid:24)(cid:20)(cid:30)(cid:16)(cid:27)(cid:28)(cid:20)(cid:29)(cid:31)(cid:1)(cid:25)(cid:17)(cid:1)(cid:10)(cid:16)(cid:14)(cid:27)(cid:13)(cid:28)(cid:21)(cid:13)(cid:3)(cid:9)(cid:20)(cid:24)(cid:15)(cid:25)(cid:22)(cid:24)
`
`(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:6)(cid:14)(cid:31)(cid:22)(cid:28)(cid:1)(cid:5)(cid:23)(cid:18)(cid:24)(cid:18)(cid:25)(cid:29)(cid:28)
`(cid:7)(cid:16)(cid:26)(cid:13)(cid:27)(cid:29)(cid:23)(cid:16)(cid:24)(cid:29)(cid:1)(cid:25)(cid:17)(cid:1)(cid:6)(cid:19)(cid:16)(cid:23)(cid:20)(cid:15)(cid:13)(cid:22)(cid:1)(cid:8)(cid:24)(cid:18)(cid:20)(cid:24)(cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:27)(cid:20)(cid:24)(cid:18)(cid:2)(cid:1)(cid:12)(cid:24)(cid:20)(cid:30)(cid:16)(cid:27)(cid:28)(cid:20)(cid:29)(cid:31)(cid:1)(cid:25)(cid:17)(cid:1)(cid:10)(cid:16)(cid:14)(cid:27)(cid:13)(cid:28)(cid:21)(cid:13)(cid:3)(cid:9)(cid:20)(cid:24)(cid:15)(cid:25)(cid:22)(cid:24)
`
`(cid:21)(cid:46)(cid:43)(cid:43)(cid:46)(cid:53)(cid:1)(cid:50)(cid:40)(cid:41)(cid:49)(cid:1)(cid:33)(cid:45)(cid:36)(cid:1)(cid:33)(cid:36)(cid:36)(cid:41)(cid:50)(cid:41)(cid:46)(cid:45)(cid:33)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:46)(cid:48)(cid:42)(cid:49)(cid:1)(cid:33)(cid:50)(cid:13) (cid:40)(cid:57)(cid:47)(cid:13)(cid:8)(cid:8)(cid:36)(cid:41)(cid:39)(cid:41)(cid:50)(cid:33)(cid:43)(cid:35)(cid:46)(cid:44)(cid:44)(cid:46)(cid:45)(cid:49)(cid:7)(cid:51)(cid:45)(cid:43)(cid:7)(cid:37)(cid:36)(cid:51)(cid:8)(cid:35)(cid:40)(cid:37)(cid:44)(cid:37)(cid:45)(cid:39)(cid:32)(cid:34)(cid:41)(cid:46)(cid:44)(cid:33)(cid:50)(cid:37)(cid:48)(cid:41)(cid:33)(cid:43)(cid:49)
`(cid:27)(cid:33)(cid:48)(cid:50)(cid:1)(cid:46)(cid:38)(cid:1)(cid:50)(cid:40)(cid:37) (cid:17)(cid:41)(cid:46)(cid:44)(cid:33)(cid:50)(cid:37)(cid:48)(cid:41)(cid:33)(cid:43)(cid:49)(cid:1)(cid:18)(cid:46)(cid:44)(cid:44)(cid:46)(cid:45)(cid:49)
`
`(cid:25)(cid:46)(cid:51)(cid:48)(cid:37)(cid:36)(cid:36)(cid:41)(cid:45)(cid:41)(cid:5)(cid:1)(cid:22)(cid:46)(cid:49)(cid:49)(cid:37)(cid:41)(cid:45)(cid:14)(cid:1)(cid:29)(cid:37)(cid:46)(cid:40)(cid:5)(cid:1)(cid:17)(cid:1)(cid:18)(cid:7)(cid:14)(cid:1)(cid:33)(cid:45)(cid:36)(cid:1)(cid:18)(cid:43)(cid:37)(cid:44)(cid:37)(cid:45)(cid:50)(cid:49)(cid:5)(cid:1)(cid:24)(cid:1)(cid:19)(cid:33)(cid:52)(cid:41)(cid:49)(cid:5)(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:19)(cid:37)(cid:45)(cid:49)(cid:41)(cid:50)(cid:41)(cid:37)(cid:49)(cid:1)(cid:46)(cid:38)(cid:1)(cid:31)(cid:37)(cid:39)(cid:37)(cid:50)(cid:33)(cid:34)(cid:43)(cid:37)(cid:1)(cid:26)(cid:41)(cid:43)(cid:49)(cid:1)(cid:33)(cid:45)(cid:36)(cid:1)(cid:21)(cid:33)(cid:57)(cid:54)(cid:1)(cid:16)(cid:35)(cid:41)(cid:36)(cid:49)(cid:2)(cid:1)(cid:3)(cid:9)(cid:12)(cid:12)(cid:10)(cid:4)(cid:7) (cid:11)(cid:13)(cid:26)(cid:16)(cid:27)(cid:28)(cid:1)(cid:20)(cid:24)(cid:1)(cid:5)(cid:20)(cid:25)(cid:23)(cid:13)(cid:29)(cid:16)(cid:27)(cid:20)(cid:13)(cid:22)(cid:28)(cid:4)
`(cid:27)(cid:33)(cid:47)(cid:37)(cid:48)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:11)(cid:7)
`(cid:40)(cid:57)(cid:47)(cid:13)(cid:8)(cid:8)(cid:36)(cid:41)(cid:39)(cid:41)(cid:50)(cid:33)(cid:43)(cid:35)(cid:46)(cid:44)(cid:44)(cid:46)(cid:45)(cid:49)(cid:7)(cid:51)(cid:45)(cid:43)(cid:7)(cid:37)(cid:36)(cid:51)(cid:8)(cid:35)(cid:40)(cid:37)(cid:44)(cid:37)(cid:45)(cid:39)(cid:32)(cid:34)(cid:41)(cid:46)(cid:44)(cid:33)(cid:50)(cid:37)(cid:48)(cid:41)(cid:33)(cid:43)(cid:49)(cid:8)(cid:9)(cid:11)
`
`(cid:56)(cid:41)(cid:49)(cid:1)(cid:16)(cid:48)(cid:50)(cid:41)(cid:35)(cid:43)(cid:37)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:49)(cid:1)(cid:34)(cid:48)(cid:46)(cid:51)(cid:39)(cid:40)(cid:50)(cid:1)(cid:50)(cid:46)(cid:1)(cid:54)(cid:46)(cid:51)(cid:1)(cid:38)(cid:46)(cid:48)(cid:1)(cid:38)(cid:48)(cid:37)(cid:37)(cid:1)(cid:33)(cid:45)(cid:36)(cid:1)(cid:46)(cid:47)(cid:37)(cid:45)(cid:1)(cid:33)(cid:35)(cid:35)(cid:37)(cid:49)(cid:49)(cid:1)(cid:34)(cid:54)(cid:1)(cid:50)(cid:40)(cid:37)(cid:1)(cid:18)(cid:40)(cid:37)(cid:44)(cid:41)(cid:35)(cid:33)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:33)(cid:45)(cid:36)(cid:1)(cid:17)(cid:41)(cid:46)(cid:44)(cid:46)(cid:43)(cid:37)(cid:35)(cid:51)(cid:43)(cid:33)(cid:48)(cid:1)(cid:20)(cid:45)(cid:39)(cid:41)(cid:45)(cid:37)(cid:37)(cid:48)(cid:41)(cid:45)(cid:39)(cid:1)(cid:28)(cid:37)(cid:49)(cid:37)(cid:33)(cid:48)(cid:35)(cid:40)(cid:1)(cid:33)(cid:45)(cid:36)(cid:1)(cid:27)(cid:51)(cid:34)(cid:43)(cid:41)(cid:35)(cid:33)(cid:50)(cid:41)(cid:46)(cid:45)(cid:49)(cid:1)(cid:33)(cid:50)
`(cid:19)(cid:41)(cid:39)(cid:41)(cid:50)(cid:33)(cid:43)(cid:18)(cid:46)(cid:44)(cid:44)(cid:46)(cid:45)(cid:49)(cid:15)(cid:30)(cid:45)(cid:41)(cid:52)(cid:37)(cid:48)(cid:49)(cid:41)(cid:50)(cid:54)(cid:1)(cid:46)(cid:38)(cid:1)(cid:25)(cid:37)(cid:34)(cid:48)(cid:33)(cid:49)(cid:42)(cid:33)(cid:1)(cid:6)(cid:1)(cid:24)(cid:41)(cid:45)(cid:35)(cid:46)(cid:43)(cid:45)(cid:7)(cid:1)(cid:23)(cid:50)(cid:1)(cid:40)(cid:33)(cid:49)(cid:1)(cid:34)(cid:37)(cid:37)(cid:45)(cid:1)(cid:33)(cid:35)(cid:35)(cid:37)(cid:47)(cid:50)(cid:37)(cid:36)(cid:1)(cid:38)(cid:46)(cid:48)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:45)(cid:35)(cid:43)(cid:51)(cid:49)(cid:41)(cid:46)(cid:45)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:45)(cid:1)(cid:27)(cid:33)(cid:47)(cid:37)(cid:48)(cid:49)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:45)(cid:1)(cid:17)(cid:41)(cid:46)(cid:44)(cid:33)(cid:50)(cid:37)(cid:48)(cid:41)(cid:33)(cid:43)(cid:49)(cid:1)(cid:34)(cid:54)(cid:1)(cid:33)(cid:45)(cid:1)(cid:33)(cid:51)(cid:50)(cid:40)(cid:46)(cid:48)(cid:41)(cid:55)(cid:37)(cid:36)(cid:1)(cid:33)(cid:36)(cid:44)(cid:41)(cid:45)(cid:41)(cid:49)(cid:50)(cid:48)(cid:33)(cid:50)(cid:46)(cid:48)(cid:1)(cid:46)(cid:38)
`(cid:19)(cid:41)(cid:39)(cid:41)(cid:50)(cid:33)(cid:43)(cid:18)(cid:46)(cid:44)(cid:44)(cid:46)(cid:45)(cid:49)(cid:15)(cid:30)(cid:45)(cid:41)(cid:52)(cid:37)(cid:48)(cid:49)(cid:41)(cid:50)(cid:54)(cid:1)(cid:46)(cid:38)(cid:1)(cid:25)(cid:37)(cid:34)(cid:48)(cid:33)(cid:49)(cid:42)(cid:33)(cid:1)(cid:6)(cid:1)(cid:24)(cid:41)(cid:45)(cid:35)(cid:46)(cid:43)(cid:45)(cid:7)
`
`Actavis - IPR2017-01100, Ex. 1029, p. 1 of 6
`
`
`
`1184
`
`Densities of Vegetable Oils and Fatty Acids
`H. Noureddini*, B.C. Teoh and L. Davis Clements
`Department af Chemical Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoin, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0126
`
`Complete data for density as a function of temperature
`have been measured for a number of vegetable cils
`(crambe, rapeseed, corn, soybean, milkweed, coconut,les-
`querella), as well as eight fatty acids in the range C, to
`Cz. at temperatures from above their melting points to
`110°C (230°F). The specific gravity and density measure-
`ments were performed according to American Society for
`Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard test methods D
`368, 0 891 and D 1298 for hydrometers and a modified
`ASTM D 369 and D 891 for pycnometers. Correlation con-
`stants, based on the experimental data, are presented for
`calculating the density of fatty acids and vegetable oils
`in the range of temperature from 24°C (75°F) or the
`melting point of the substance, to 110°C (230°), The con-
`stants are valuable for designing or evaluating such
`chemical process equipment 2s heat exchangers, reactors,
`process piping and storage tanks, Estimated density of
`fatty acids by a modified Hackett equation is also
`presented.
`
`KEY WORDS: Density, fatty acids, specific gravity, vegetable oils.
`
`Density or specific gravity data are important in numer-
`ous chemical engineering unit operations in the fatty acid
`industry. Representative examples include reactors for
`splitting of fatty acids or conversion of fatty acids to their
`derivatives, distillation for separation of fatty acids, or
`for designing storage tanks and process pipimg. In addi-
`tion, the pure component data for fatty acids may be used
`to ascertain mixture property values and to estimate oil
`density.
`The data were measured by both hydrometer and pyc-
`nometer procedures in a single constant-temperature bath.
`Pycnometer measurements provide the true density of the
`material and the hydrometer measures specific gravity.
`Due to the tedious procedure involved in pycnometer
`measurements, they were used only for some of the data
`to validate the hydrometer readings over the entire range
`of temperature. This procedure resulted in a correction fac-
`tor for hydrometer measurements, In al] measurements
`the correction never exceeded 0.2%,
`
`EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
`
`A glass cylinder was installed through one of the holes
`in the bath cover assembly. The sample was placed inside
`the glass cylinder for hydrometer measurements. The bath
`temperature was set at the desired temperature and was
`monitored with a glass thermometer during the experi-
`ment. The temperature of the sample inside the glass
`cylinder was monitored with a second thermometer, At
`higher temperatures, where a temperature gradient may
`exist, the bath temperature was increased to maintain the
`desired termperature inside the cylinder. The specific gravi-
`ties were determined according to the procedures in
`ASTM methods D 1298, D 368, and D 891 (2-4).
`The pycnometer measurements were performed along
`with the hydrometer procedures in the same bath, Three
`10-mL Fisher pycnometers, in accordance with ASTM D
`369 (5), were used in all measurements. Pycnometers were
`filled with the sample at a temperature below the bath
`temperature, Heat resistant tubing was slipped over the
`outside of the pycnometer neck to prevent direct contact
`between the bath fluid and the capillary opening of the
`bottle. Figure 1 shows the pycnometer assembly. This
`assembly was secured to the bath cover and clip and
`
`
`
`
`
` \ Bath Caver
`
`
`
`Bath Fluid Level
`
`
`
`_-— Temperature Resistant Tubing
`
`A Precision Scientific (Chicago, 11.) constant-temperature
`bath with a Micro-set Thermoregulator, in accordance
`with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
`TD 445 (1), was used in the procedures for specific gravity
`and density determinations. This assembly maintains a
`temperature uniformity of +0.0033°C (+.005°F)
`throughout the range of 20 to 130°C (68 to 266°F), ex-
`ceeding the ASTM D 445 (1) requirements. Fisher’s Preci-
`sion Specific Gravity Hydrometers (Fisher Scientific, Pitt-
`sburgh, PA), ASTM BD 1298(2) with subdivisionsof 0.001,
`and Fisher thermometers, ASTM D 445 (1), with subdivi-
`sions of 0.056°C (0.1°F), were used for specific gravity and
`
`temperature readings, respectively.
`*To whom correspondence should be addressed at Department of
`Chemical Engineering, 236 Avery Laboratory, University of
`Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0126.
`FIG. 1. Pycnometer assembly.
`Actavis - IPR2017-01100, Ex. 1029, p. 2 of 6
`Actavis - 1PR2017-01100, Ex. 1029, p. 2 of 6
`JAOGS, Val. 69, no. 12 (December 1892}
`
`Pycnometer
`
`
`
`Clamp
`
`
`
`DENSITIES OF VEGETABLE OILS AND FATTY ACIDS
`
`1185
`
`TABLE 1
`
`Fatty Acid Distributions and Sources of Vegetable Oils
`
`% Composition®
`¥
`Vegetable
`
`Saturated
`Monounsaturated
`Polyunsaturated
`Source or manufacturer
`oils
`
`
`
`Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
`16
`79
`Crambe®
`University of ldahe, Moscow, TD
`21
`72
`7
`Rapeseed?
`Hain Pure Food Co. Inc., Los Angeles, CA
`64.3
`214
`43
`Corn
`Hain Pure Food Co. Inc., Los Angeles, CA
`57.1
`28.0
`14.3
`Soybean
`Biological System Eng., U. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
`NA
`NA
`NAC
`Milkweed
`Vinton Pop Corn Ca., Vinton, 1A
`1.0
`5.0
`94,0
`Coconut
`
`Lesquerella Jojoba Growers & Processors Inc., Apache Junction, AZ 3.1 76.0 20.9
`
`
`
`@Provided by the manufacturers. “Approximate values. “Not available.
`
`TABLE 2
`
`Purity of Fatty Acids
`
`Acids
`% Purity
`Manufacturer
`
`Nonanoie
`Capric
`Laurie
`Myristie
`Palmitic
`Stearic
`Oleic
`Brucic
`
`98
`99-100
`99-100
`99
`99
`95
`9a
`90
`
`@Provided by the manufacturers.
`
`Kodak, Rochester, NY
`Sigma, St. Louis, MO
`Sigma
`Kodak
`Sigma
`Aldrich, Milwaukee, WI
`J.T. Baker, Phillipsburg, PA
`Sigma
`
`immersed inside the bath. Except for the modifications
`for the pycnometer assembly, the procedures in the ASTM
`standard test methods D 891 and D 369 (4,5) were followed
`for the density determinations.
`The fatty acid composition and source or manufacturer
`of each vegetable oil are shown in Table 1. Table 2 shows
`the purity and the manufacturers of the fatty acids used.
`The information on the fatty acid composition of vege-
`table oils and purity of the fatty acids were provided by
`the manufacturers.
`
`RESULTS
`
`ments are also included. As expected, the deviations found
`were small, The mean deviation was less than 0.07% for
`all data. Figures 2 and 3 show the experimental) and linear
`predictions for vegetable oils (lesquerella, milkweed,
`crambe) and for saturated fatty acids (nonanoic, capric,
`lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic), respectively. Lines show
`the linear correlations compared to the experimental
`points.
`The difference between successive test results by the
`same apparatus under constant operating conditions on
`identical test material never exceeded 0.0005 for hydro-
`meter scale readings and 0.003 for pycnometer measure-
`ments. These are within the sensitivity limits imposed by
`ASTMtest metheds D 1298 and D 369 (2,5), respectively.
`Random examination of results for other samples, for
`which hydrometer measurements were principally per-
`formed, confirmed the correction applied to the scale
`readings. Corrected data were also within the repeatability
`specifications given by the ASTM methods, thus justi-
`fying the application of the correction factor for the
`hydrometer measurements.
`The modified Rackett equation (8) also can be used for
`calculation of fatty acid and vegetable oil densities. This
`approach can be used directly in most computer-aided-
`process-design programs such as PRO/II™, DESIGN
`TI™ or HySim™, The modified Rackett equation re-
`quires the critical properties and an empirical parameter,
`2Zp,, for each acid as the basis for computing density as
`a function of temperature. The required critical proper-
`ties and Rackett parameters are usually available in the
`component library or may be easily incorporated into the
`propram data file The modified Rackett equation is as
`follows:
`MW
`
`e = ————
`RI, glto-1?7]
`c
`Pp
`RA
`
`The scale readings for the hydrometer were corrected for
`the glass expansion by using a glass expansion coefficient
`of 25 * 10-§ per °C, The specific gravity data for crambe
`and milkweed seed oils and for oleic acid were measured
`with both hydrometers and pycnometers. The hydrometer
`scale readings were corrected according to the pycnometer
`measurements. The correction was equal te 0.0025, This
`correction was uniform and did not depend on tempera--
`ture or type of oil or acid used. This correction was then
`T, and P, are the critical temperature and pressure,
`applied to the rest of the samples, for which only the
`respectively; @ is the density; T,
`is the reduced
`hydrometer measurements were performed. Densities were
`temperature (T, = T/T,); R is the universal gas constant;
`calculated by multiplying the specific gravities by water
`MW is the molecular weight; and Zp, is the Rackett
`density (0.99904 g/mL) at 15.5°C (60.0°F). This is the
`parameter, a correlating parameter unique tc each com-
`calibration temperature of the hydrometers. The results
`pound, Critical properties for the fatty acids mentioned
`are tabulated in Tables 3 and 4. Available literature values
`in this work are shown in Table 7. A more complete listing
`{6,7} at 25°C (77°F) are presented for comparison.
`of fatty acid critical properties was found in earlier works
`A linear correlation was fitted to the experimental data.
`Thelinear coefficients are tabulated in Tables 5 and 6, The
`(Halvorsen, J.D, WC. Mammel, Jr. and L. Davis Clements,
`percent mean deviations PRGtavis IPAZ0T7-01 100,Ex,1029.'p. 3 of 6
`Actavis - IPR2017-01100, Ex. 1029, p. 3 of 6
`JAOCS, Vol. 69, na. 12 (December 1992)
`
`{1]
`
`
`
`1186
`
`TABLE 3
`
`H. NOUREDDINI £T AL.
`
`Density of Vegetable Dils
` Density (g/mL)
`sa
`
`Crambe#
`Rapeseed
`Corn
`Soybean
`Milkweed®
`Coconut
`Lesquereila
`
`Temperature
`°C (OF)
`
`(75.0)
`23.9
`37.8 {100,0)
`48.9 (120.0)
`60.0 (140.0)
`82.2 (180.0)
`100.0 (212.0)
`110.0 (230.0)
`
`0.9078
`0.8977
`0.8898
`0.8829
`0.8681
`0.8564
`0.8501
`
`0.9873
`0.8987
`0.8908
`0.8839
`0.8686
`0.8579
`0.8611
`
`0.9188
`0.9082
`0.9028
`0.8939
`0.8800
`0.8679
`6.8610
`
`0.9193
`0.9082
`0.9023
`0.8939
`0.8795
`0.8674
`0.8615
`
`0.9203
`0.9097
`0.9018
`0.8934
`0.8790
`0.8684
`0.8605
`
`0.9107
`0.9033
`0.8949
`0.8795
`0.8669
`0.8605
`
`0.9398
`0.9307
`0.9229
`0.9152
`0.8999
`0.8879
`0.8830
`
`0.916-0.918
`0.914-0,918
`0.912-0.917
`0.903-0.907
`Literature data
`
`25
`25
`25
`25
`Temp. (°O})2
`aBy direct pycnameter determination. Other values by corrected hydrometer determination. °Ref. 6.
`
`TABLE 4
`
`Density of Fatty Acids
`
`
`Density (g/mL)
`Capric
`Lauric
`Myristic
`Palmitic
`Stearic
`Oleic#
`Erucic
`
`10:0
`12:0
`14:0
`16:0
`18:0
`18:1
`22:1
`
`Temperature
`°C CF
`
`Nonanoic
`9:0
`
`23,9 (75.0)
`37.8 (100.0)
`48.9 (120.0)
`60.0 (140.0)
`71.1 (160.0)
`82.2 (180.0)
`98.9 (210.0)
`110.0 (230.0)
`121.1 (250.0)
`
`0.9018
`0.8913
`0,8838
`0.8744
`6.8665
`0.8571
`0.8445
`0.8371
`
`0.8863
`0.8788
`0.8694
`0.8615
`0.8526
`0.8405
`0.8332
`
`0.8729
`0.8634
`0.8560
`0.8471
`0.8351
`0.8282
`
`0.8590
`0.8516
`0.8432
`0.8321
`0.8257
`
`0.8496
`0.8412
`0.8302
`0.8237
`
`0.8387
`0.8276
`0.8217
`0.8148
`
`0.8928
`0.8828
`0.8753
`0.8674
`0.8605
`0.852)
`0.8400
`0.8327
`
`0.8763
`0.8689
`0.8611
`0.8532
`0.8459
`0.8348
`0.8284
`
`Literature data
`Temp,(*C)®
`
`0.8699
`0.850
`0.8396
`0.8414
`0.8439
`0.8477
`0.8531
`0.8570
`80 55 80 80 80 80 80 80
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`@By direct pycnometer determination. Other values by corrected hydrometer determination. Ref. 6, except for erucic acid (ref. 7).
`
`
`
`0.9400-woe)
`
`0. 92004
`0.91005
`
`6.9000-
`
`6.87004
`
`
`
`Density{g/mL}
`
`0.89007 0.88004i
`0.86004
`NSS|
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`6.91004
`
`0.90007
`0.3900,
`0.88007
`
`8.$7004|
`
`0.86007
`
`9.85004
`
`Density
`
`|
`0.83004 i
`(gimL} f0.84004
`
`:
`
`1
`0.85004
`6.82004
`T omaHi
`
`0.84604
`T
`1
`100
`110
`120
`136
`08100
`3o 40
`50
`60
`70
`80
`90
`20
`40
`#50
`6
`70
`86
`96
`100 10
`Temperature (°C)
`Temperature (°C)
`
` %
`
`FIG,2. Density va. temperature for vegetable oils, The lines are cor-
`relation derivatives and the points are experimental data. (+), Les-
`querella; {*), milkweed; and (Bj, crambe.
`
`FIG, 3, Density vs. temperature for fatty acids. The lines are cor-
`relation derivatives and the points are experimentel data. (B),
`Nonanoic acid; (+), cupric acid; (*), lauric acid; (1), myristic acid; (0X),
`palmitic acid; and (A), stearic acid.
`Actavis - IPR2017-01100, Ex. 1029, p. 4 of 6
`Actavis -1PR2017-01100, Ex. 1029, p. 4 of 6
`JAOCS, Vol. 69, no. 12 (December 1992)
`
`
`
`NENSITIES CGF VEGETABLE OILS AND FATTY ACIDS
`
`1187
`
`TABLE 5
`
`Linear Correlations? for ihe Vegetable Oil Densities {g/mL}
`Vegetable
`Constants
`Data points
`% Mean deviation
`Temperature range
`oils
`m
`c
`n
`rc
`CC}
`
`
`23.9-110.0
`0.032
`7
`9.2300E-G1
`—6.§65F-04
`Crambe
`23.9-110.0
`0.029
`7
`9.2305E-01
`—6.550E-04
`Rapeseed
`23,.9-110.0
`0.056
`i
`9.3432E-01
`—6.650E-04
`Corn
`23.9-110.0
`0.057
`7
`9,3441E-01
`—6.674E-04
`Soybean
`23.9-110.0
`0.069
`t
`9.3552E-01
`—6.820E-04
`Milkweed
`87.8-110.9
`0.026
`6
`9.3T1IGE-01
`—T.000E-04
`Coconut
`
`
`
`
`9.5569E-01 7 0.049Lesquerella —6.709E-04 23.9-110.0
`
`Density = ¢ + mT,
`
`TABLE6
`
`Linear Correlations® for the Fatty Acid Densities (g/mL)
`
`Constants
`
`
`
`Fatty
`Data pomts % Mean deviation Temperature range
`acids
`Carbon
`m
`c
`n
`r
`°C}
`
`
`293.9-110.0
`0.048
`8
`9.2015E-01
`—T.595E-04
`9:0
`Nonangic
`37.8-110.0
`0,047
`7
`9.1452E-01
`—7.453E-04
`10:0
`Capric
`48.9-110.0
`0.067
`6
`9.0792E-01
`—T.319E-04
`12:0
`Lauric
`60.0-110.0
`0.055
`5
`8.9909E-01
`—6.727E-04
`14:0
`Myristic
`71.1-110.0
`0.060
`4
`8.9634E-01
`—6.649R-04
`16:0
`Palmitic
`82.2-121.1
`0.036
`4
`§8.8838E-91
`—6.081E-04
`18:0
`Stearic
`Oleic
`18:1
`~6.982E-04
`9.0946E-01
`8
`0.023
`23.9-110.0
`Erucie
`2271
`—6§,.694E-04
`9.0131E-01
`7
`0.042
`37.8-110.0
`
`
`“ensity = ¢ + mT.
`
`TABLE 7
`
`Fatty Acid Densities and Properties for Use with the Rackett Equation
`
`
`Fatty acid (density, g/mL)
`Nonanoic
`Capric
`Lauric
`Myristic
`Palmitic
`Stearic
`Oleic
`Erucic
`
`9:0
`10:0
`12:0
`14:0
`16:0
`18:0
`— 18:1
`22:1
`
`MW
`T,, (K)
`P, (bar)
`Zpa
`
`158.24
`717.03
`25.18
`G.24644
`
`172.27
`730.84
`22.92
`G.24419
`
`200.32
`756.21
`19.22
`0.23862
`
`228,37
`779.07
`16,35
`0.23263
`
`256,43
`799.89
`14,08
`0.22641
`
`284.48
`819.00
`12.25
`0.22041
`
`284,48
`819.41
`12.76
`0.22344
`
`340.59
`853.41
`9.87
`0.21177
`
`Temperature [°C (°F][
`23,9 (75,0)
`37.8 (100.0)
`48.9 (120.0)
`60.0 (140,0}
`71.1 (160.0)
`82.2 (180.0}
`98.9 {210.0}
`110.0 (230.0)
`12].1 (260.0)
`
`0.9015
`0.8912
`0.8829
`0.8745
`0.8660
`0.8573
`0.8442
`0.8353
`
`0.8863
`0.8782
`0.8700
`0.8617
`0.8534
`0.8407
`0.8320
`
`0.8717
`0.8639
`6.8560
`0.8480
`0.8358
`0.8276
`
`0.8593
`6.8517
`0.8440
`0.8323
`0.8244
`
`0.6494
`0.8419
`0.8305
`0.8228
`
`0.8388
`0.8276
`0.8201
`0.8125
`
`0.8910
`0.8820
`0.8748
`0.8675
`0.8602
`0.8528
`0.8416
`0.8340
`
`0.8750
`0.8680
`0.8609
`0.8638
`0.8467
`0.8358
`0.8285
`
`0.060 0.089 0.076 0.064 0.065 0.120 0.102% Mean deviation, r 0.083
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Actavis - IPR2017-01100, Ex. 1029, p. 5 of 6
`Actavis - 1PR2017-01100, Ex. 1029, p. 5 of 6
`JAOCS. Vol. 69. no. 12 (December 1992)
`
`
`
`1188
`
`H. NOUREDDINI £T AL,
`
`The modified Rackett equation predicts the liquid den-
`sity with an average error of 0.08%, which is of sufficient
`accuracy for use with process design calculations.
`
`ACKNOWLEDGMENT
`
`The authors express their gratitude to U. S. Department of Agricul-
`ture Cocperative State Research Service for its support of this work,
`
`REFERENCES
`
`1. Methods of the American Society for Testing and Materials, edited
`by Susan P. Canning, Paula C, Fazio, Donna Fisher, Elizabeth L.
`Gutman, Catherine T. Esia, Sharon L. Kauffman, Joanne Kramer,
`Marianne Lane, Christine M. Leinweber and Patricia A, McGee,
`1991, pp. 168-173, Method D 445.
`
`aapow. Ibid, 1991, pp. 484-488, Method D 1298,
`
`. fbid, 1991, pp. 132-133, Method D 368.
`. Ibid, 1991, pp. 1-4, Method D 891.
`. Ibid, 1991, pp. 134-136, Method D 369.
`. Forme, M.W., E. Jungermann, F.A, Norris and N.O. Sonntag,
`Bailey's Industrial Oiland Fat Products, edited by D. Swern, 4th
`edn, Vol. 1, Jchn Wiley and Sons, New York, 1979, pp. 186-189.
`. Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, edited by W.
`Gerhartz, ¥.S. Yamamoto, L. Kaudy, JF. Rounsaville and G.
`Schulz, 5th edn, Vol. A10, 1985, p. 247.
`. Spencer, CF. and R.P Danner, J Chem. and Eng. Data 17:236
`(1972).
`
`[Received May 1, 1992; accepted October 12, 1992]
`
`Actavis - IPR2017-01100, Ex. 1029, p. 6 of 6
`Actavis - 1PR2017-01100, Ex. 1029, p. 6 of 6
`JAOGS, Vol. 69, no. 12 (December 1992)
`
`