`
`‘
`
`DICTIONARY
`or go To www.cmpbooks.com[newion
`
`To be alerted by email to news, updates and corrections
`send a blank email to newton@news.cmpbooks.com
`
`STAY INFORMED
`
`CM PBooks
`San Francisco
`
`HTC/ZTE Exhibit 1010
`
`
`
`HTC/ZTE Exhibit 1010
`
`

`

`NEWTON's TELECOM DICTIONARY
`copyright © 2004 Harry Newton
`email: Harry@HarryNewton.com
`personal web site: www.HarryNewton.com
`business web site: www.InSearch0fThePerfectlnvestmentcom
`
`All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright conventions,
`including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form whatsoever.
`
`Published in the United States by
`CMP Books
`An imprint of CMP Media LLC
`600 Harrison Street, San Francisco, CA 94107
`Phone: 415-947-6615; Fax: 415-947-6015
`Email: books@cmp.com
`www.cmpbooks.com
`
`United Business Media
`
`For individual or quantity orders
`CMP Books
`6600 Silacci Way Gilroy, CA 95020
`Tel: 1-800-500-6875 or 1-408-848-5296
`Email: bookorders@cmp.com; Web: www.cmpbooks.com
`
`,
`
`This book is also sold through www.Amazon.com, www.Fatbrain.com and
`www.BarnesAndNob|e.com and all fine booksellers worldwide.
`
`Distributed to the book trade in the U.S. by
`Publishers Group West
`,,
`1700 Fourth St., Berkeley, CA 94710
`
`Distributed in Canada by:
`Jaguar Book Group, 100 Armstrong Avenue, Georgetown, Ontario M6K 3E7 Canada
`
`Printed in the United States of America
`
`ISBN Number 1-57820-309-0
`
`March 2004
`
`Twentieth Edition
`
`Matt Kelsey, Publisher
`Ray Horak, Senior Contributing Editor
`Frank Brogan, Proiect manager
`Saul Roldan and Damien Castaneda, Cover Design
`Brad Greene, Text Layout
`
`HTCIZTE Exhibit 101 0-2
`
`HTC/ZTE Exhibit 1010-2
`
`

`

`
`
`of 25-138 kHz, with the associated PSD is -38 dBm/Hz; at frequencies above I8] kHz
`the PSD is required to be at least 24 dB below -38 dBm/Hz, i.e., at a level of at least"-
`62 cE]Byn/Hz (dBm is decibels below ImW, or milliwatt). See also ADSL, DB, DEM and
`Deci e.
`'
`Power Splitter See Power Divider.
`Power Supply Most single line phones are powered by the electricity that comes in
`over the phone line. That's why they'll work when there's a power outage. Single tine
`phones that have gadgetry associated with them, all ISDN phones and all multi-line phones
`(like key systems and PBXs) require a supply of power, i.e. electricity, in addition to what
`they get over the phone line. Most phones and phone systems, like computers, these days
`are ultimately powered by low voltage direct current (i.e. D.C.). To convert the normal 120
`or 240 volts AC power that comes in from your local utility to DC at the various voltages
`and frequencies needed by the components and circuits of the phone or computer system
`you need something called a ”power supply." That term may refer to something as simple
`as a SI 0 transformer or it may be as complicated and expensive as a $20,000 power Sup-
`ply with an uninterruptible power supply replete with wet cell batteries. Power supplies are
`usually the least reliable part of modern electronic gadgetry. This is because they take the
`hits from the lousy power the local utility sends in and also because many manufacturers
`skimp on the quality of their power supplies. A cheap power supply is not evident imme
`diately. It may take time to break down. Whenever you're having intermittent problems
`with your phone system or computer, suspect the power supply. And, given a choice, buy
`the best quality power supply you can. See UPS.
`Power Synthesizer Power synthesizers actually use the incoming utility power
`as an energy source to create a new sine wave that's free from power disturbances. They
`can be as much as 99% effective against power disturbances. Types of power synthesizers
`include magnetic synthesizers (capable of generating a sine wave ofthe same frequency
`as the incoming power - 60 Hz), motor generators (which use an electric motor to drivea
`generator that provides electrical power), and UPSes.
`Power Systems A system that provides a conversion of a primary alternating cur-
`rent power to direct current voltages required by telecom equipment, and may generate
`emergency power when the primary alternating current source is interrupted.
`Power Tecllnolog New technologies to create, distribute and clean eIectricity.A
`microturbine is a power tec nology.
`Power Up The sequence of things you have to do in order to turn a computer or tele
`phone system on. You can't cut corners starting up electronic equipment. It must be done
`carefully and in the correct order. Always count to ten after turning something off before
`turning it back on again. See also Power Down.
`Power Vendor One who has a major chunk ofa market. Some users believe that
`a good IS strategy is to buy from a power vendor in the belief that ”you can't go wrong
`Iéuying from AT&T, IBM, Northern TeIecom..."fiII in the name of your favorite power ven-
`or.
`Power, Peak In a pulsed laser, the maximum power emitted.
`Powerline Communications Sending voice, video, data — in short
`telecommunications signals — over copper wire that normally carry high voltage electric-
`ity (I I0 volts AC and higher) for use in home and businesses for lighting, heating, etc.
`PPC Pay per call.
`PPD Partial Packet Discard. A technique used in ATM networks for congestion control in
`support of bath Classical IP over ATM and Local Area Network Emulation (LANE). Such data
`is transmitted in the form of packets and frames, respectively, each of which typically isa
`subset of a much larger set of data such as a file. In the case of Classical IP over ATM, each
`data packet can be variable in size, up to a maximum of 65,536 octets (e.g., bytes). As
`the IP data packet enters the ATM switch on the ingress side of the ATM network,
`it is
`stored in a buffer until such time as the ATM switch can segment it into cells, each with a
`payload of 48 octets — there can be a great many such cells for each packet— and act
`to set up a path and circuit to forward the stream of cells which comprise the original pack-
`et. If a given cell is dropped for some reason (e.g., there is not enough buffer space at
`either the incoming or the outgoing buffer within the switch, the integrity of the original
`packet is lost. Early implementations of Classical IF over ATM simply forwarded the remain
`der of the cells associated with that packet. So, the earlier cells made it to the destination
`device while the later cells didn't. When the cells were reassembled into the packet as they
`exited the ATM network, the result was an incomplete packet. The higher layer protocols
`then requested a retransmission of the entire packet. If the ATM network was highly con-
`gested, this occurrence was repeated many times, thereby contributing to further conges-
`
`652
`
`
`
`Power line Filter / PPD
`
`
`
`still make extensive use of PLC as a backup for more conventional copper and microwave
`transmission systems. A number of manufacturers over the years have developed residen-
`tial and small business telephone systems which use in-building AC power. The telephone
`line is terminated by special equipment at the common electrical bus, with the individual
`sets simply plugging into electrical outlets like a toaster or any other electrical appliance.
`(Do not confuse this odd approach with the term ”|nformation Appliance,” which refers to
`multipurpose, multimedia terminals used in a convergence (Information Superhighway)
`context.) Such systems have not been successful.
`Recently, several technical developments have resurrected interest in PIC. First, Spread
`Spectrum technology has been applied to overcome the inherent noise problems associat-
`ed with data communications over in-building electrical wiring. Second, the EIA’s (Electronic
`Industries Association) CEBus (Consumer Electronics Bus) was adopted industrywide. CEBus
`essentially is a Home Area Network (HAN), a residential and small business version of a
`Local Area Netrrrrork; CEBus makes use of Spread Spectrum. Current commercial PIC appli-
`cations using Spread Spectrum include control of building environments and managing util-
`ity electrical distribution systems. For instance, heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning
`systems in a commercial building can be managed by a central controller which polls vari-
`ous temperature and humidity sensors scattered throughout the building with communica-
`tions taking place over the electrical wiring and through the common electrical bus. See
`Spread Spectrum and CEBus.
`Power Line Filter A device which prevents either radio frequency signals or power
`line surges from passing along a power cable into equipment.
`Power Main Sur e Protector A surge suppressor designed for use at the
`main power box of a bail
`ing.
`Power Management Methods used to efficiently direct power to different com-
`ponents of a system. This is particulary important in portable devices which rely on battery
`power. The life of a battery between charges are extended significantly by powering down
`components not in use.
`Power On See Power Up.
`Power Open A new operating system which is planned to run on a new super-pow-
`erful PC manufactured by a ioint IBM-Apple alliance. The idea of the IBM-Apple alliance is
`make a super-powerful PC that runs virtually every PC operating system imaginable, includ-
`ing MS-DOS, UNIX, Windows, OS/2, Macintosh. The new, all powerful operating system,
`would be called "Power Open."
`Power Over Ethernet See 802.3af.
`Power Product A cellular radio term. A configurable parameter broadcast by the
`Mobile Data Base Station (MDBS), defining the desired relationship between received sig-
`nal strength and transmitted power level at any single point.
`Power Regulator Equipment that regulates the power delivered to a system.
`Designed to mitigate transients in the commercial electric power source.
`Power ltucleness Ugly behavior enabled by the digital age, such as using beep-
`ers in theaters, taking cell calls in restaurants and firing employees by email. This defini-
`tion from Wired Magazine.
`Power Seller A person who make his living buying and selling things on eBay.
`Power Spectral Density PSD. A measurement of the amount of power, meas-
`ured in Watts, that is applied to the spectrum of carrier frequencies (i.e., the frequency or
`frequencies that carry the information signal) over a circuit in order to achieve a satisfac-
`tory level of signal strength at the receiving end of the circuit. Measured in Wat1s/Hertz,
`PSD applies to both electrical circuits and radio circuits. Clearly, every carrier frequency
`involved in a transmission circuit is at some power level. The PSD level
`is tuned to the
`specifics of the circuit, in consideration of the frequency orfrequencies involved. In an elec-
`trical circuit, the circuit specifics can include the gauge (diameter) of the copper conductor,
`the number of splices, and the circuit length. Given those specifics, the carrier frequency or
`frequencies also must be considered. As high-frequency signals attenuate (lose power)
`more quickly than low-frequency signals, they often are transmitted at a higher power level
`in order to overcome this phenomenon. However, the combination of the higher frequency
`signal and the higher power level causes the signal to radiate a stronger electromagnetic
`field, which can have a decidedly negative impact on adjacent pairs in a multi-pair cable.
`The adiacent pairs absorb the radiated energy, which takes on the form of electromagnet-
`ic interference (EMI), or noise. Therefore, a "PSD mask” must be imposed in order to limit
`the PSD to acceptable ranges. In ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line), for example,
`PSD masks are imposed on both the upstream and downstream frequencies. Specifically,
`ADSL TI.4I3 standards specify that the upstream passband (allowable frequency range)
`
`HTCIZTE Exhibit 101 0-3
`
`HTC/ZTE Exhibit 1010-3
`
`