`NEWTON’s
`TELECOM
`DICTIONARY
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`HTC/ZTE Exhibit 1010
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`HTC/ZTE Exhibit 1010
`
`

`

`NEWTON's TELECOM DICTIONARY
`copyright © 2004 Harry Newton
`email: Horry@HurryNewton.com
`personal website: www.HarryNewton.com
`business website: www.InSearchOfThePerfectInvestment.com
`
`All tights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright conventions,
`including the right fo reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form whatsoever.
`
`Publishedin the United States by
`CMP Books
`An imprint of CMP Media LLC
`600 Harrison Street, San Francisco, CA 94107
`Phone: 415-947-6615; Fax: 415-947-6015
`Email: books@cmp.com
`www.cmpbooks.com
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`HTC/ZTE Exhibit 1010-2
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`
`United Business Media
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`This bookis also sold through www.Amazon.com, www.Fatbrain.com and
`www.BamesAndNoble.com and all fine booksellers worldwide.
`
`Distributed to the book trade in the U.S.by
`Publishers Group West
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`1700 Fourth St., Berkeley, CA 94710
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`Distributed in Canada by:
`Jaguar Book Group, 100 Armstrong Avenue, Georgetown, Ontario MAK 3E7 Canada
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`Printed in the United States of America
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`ISBN Number 1-57820-309-0
`
`March 2004
`
`Twentieth Edition
`
`Matt Kelsey, Publisher
`Ray Horak, Senior Contributing Editor
`Frank Brogan, Project manager
`Saul Roldan and Damien Castaneda, Cover Design
`Brad Greene, Text Layout
`
`HTC/ZTE Exhibit 1010-2
`
`

`

`
`
`PowerLine Filter / PPD
`
`still make extensive use of PLC as a backup for more conventional copper and microwave
`fransmission systems. A number of manufacturers over the yeors have developed residen-
`tial and small business telephone systems which use inbuilding AC power. The telephone
`line is terminated by special equipment at the common electrical bus, with the individual
`sets simply plugging into electrical outlets like a toaster or any other electrical appliance.
`(Do not confuse this odd approach with the term “Information Appliance,” which refers to
`multipurpose, multimedia terminals used in a convergence (Information Superhighway)
`context.) Such systems have not been successful.
`Recently, several technical developments have resurrected interest in PLC. First, Spread
`Spectrum technology has been applied to overcometheinherent noise problems associat-
`ed with data communications over in-building electrical wiring. Second, the EIA’s (Electronic
`Industries Association) CEBus (Consumer Electronics Bus) was adopted industrywide. CEBus
`essentially is a Home Area Network (HAN), o residential and small business version of a
`Local Area Network; CEBus makes use of Spread Spectrum. Current commercial PLC appli-
`cations using Spread Spectrum include control of building environments and managing uti
`ity electrical distribution systems. For instance, heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning
`systems in a commercial building can be managed by a central controller which polls vari
`ous temperature and humidity sensors scattered throughoutthe building with communica-
`tions taking place over the electrical wiring and through the commonelectrical bus. See
`Spread Spectrum and CEBus.
`PowerLine FilterA device which prevents either radio frequency signals or power
`line surges from passing along a powercable into equipment.
`Power Main Surge ProtectorA susge suppressor designed for use at the
`main power box of a building.
`Power ManagementMethods used to efficiently direct power to different com
`ponents of a system. This is particulary important in portable devices which rely on battery
`power. The life of a battery between charges are extended significantly by powering down
`components notin use.
`PowerOn See Power Up.
`Power Open A new operating system which is planned fo run on a new super-pow-
`erful PC manufactured by a joint IBM-Apple alliance. The idea of the IBAHApple allianceis
`makea super-powertul PC that runs virtually every PC operating system imaginable, inctud-
`ing MS-DOS, UNIX, Windows, 0S/2, Macintosh. The new, all powerful operating system,
`would be called “Power Open.”
`Power Over Ethernet See 802 3of.
`Power ProductA cellular iadio term.A configurable parameter broadcast by the
`Mobile Data Base Station (MDBS), defining the desired relationship between received sig-
`nal strength and transmitted powerlevel at any single point.
`Power Regulator {quipment that regulates the power delivered to a system.
`Designed to mitigate transients in the commercial electric power source.
`Power RudenessUgly behavior enabled by the digital age, such as using beep-
`ars in theaters, taking cell calls in restaurants and firing employees by email. This defini-
`tion from Wired Magazine.
`PowerSeller A person who makebis living buying and selling things on eBay.
`PowerSpectral Density PSD. A measurement of the amount of power, meas-
`ured in Watts, that is applied to the spectrum of carrier frequencies(i.e., the frequency or
`frequencies that carry the information signal) over a circuit in order to achieve a satistac-
`tory level of signal strength at the receiving end of the circuit. Measured in Watts/Hertz,
`PSD applies to both electrical circuits and radio circuits. Clearly, every carrier frequency
`involved in a transmission circuit is at some power level. The PSD level
`is tuned to the
`specifics of the circuit, in consideration of the frequency or frequencies involved. In an elec-
`trical circuit, the citcuit specifics can include the gauge (diameter) of the copper conductor,
`the number of splices, and the circuit length. Given those specifics, the carrier frequency or
`frequencies also must be considered. As high-frequency signals attenuate (lose power)
`more quickly than low-frequency signals, they often are transmitted at a higher power level
`in order fo overcome this phenomenon. However, the combinationof the higher frequency
`signal and the higher power level causes the signal to radiate a stranger electromagnetic
`field, which can have a decidedly negative impact on adjacent pairs in a multi-pair cable,
`The adjacent pairs absorb the radiated energy, which takes on the form of electromagnet:
`ic interference (EMI), or noise. Therefore, a “PSD mask” must be imposed in order to limit
`the PSD to acceptable ranges. In ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line), for example,
`PSD masks are imposed on both the upstream ond downstream frequencies. Specifically,
`ADSL 11.413 standards specify that the upstream passband (allowable frequency range)
`
`of 25-138 kHz,with the associated PSD is 38 dBm/Hz, at frequencies above 18] \4,
`the PSDis required to be at least 24 dB below -38 dBm/Wz,ie., at a level of at least.
`62 eBin/ti (dBm is decibels below ImW,or milliwatt). See also ADSL, DB, DBM and
`Decibel.
`‘
`PowerSplitter See PowerDivider.
`Power Supply Most single line phones are powered by the electricity that comes in
`over the phone line. That's why they'll work when these’s a power outage. Single ling
`phones that have gadgetry associated with them, all ISDN phones and all multiline phones
`(like key systems and PBXs) require a supply of power, i.e. electricity, in addition to what
`they get over the phoneline. Most phones and phone systems, like computers, these days
`are ultimately powered by low voltage direct current(Le. D.C.}. To convert the normal 129
`or 240 volts AC power that comes in from your local utility to DC at the various Voltages
`and frequencies needed by the components andcircuits of the phone or computer system
`you need something called a “power supply.” That term may refer to something as simple
`as. 0 $10 transformer or it mey be as complicated and expensive as a $20,000 power sy
`ply with an uninterruptible power supply replete with wetcell batteries. Power supplies are
`usually the least reliable part of modemelectronic gadgetry. This is because they take the
`hits from the lousy power the local utility sends in and also because many manufacturers
`skimp on the quality of their power supplies. A cheap powersupply is not evident imme
`diately. It may tcke time to break down. Whenever you're having intermittent problems
`with your phone sysfem or computer, suspect the power supply. And, given a choice,buy
`the best quality power supply you con. See UPS.
`Power Synthesizer Power synthesizers actually use the incoming utility power
`as an energy source to create a new sine wave that's free from powerdisturbances. They
`can be as much as 99% effective against powerdisturbances. Types of powersynthesizers
`include magnetic synthesizers (capable of generating a sine wave ofthe same frequency
`as the incoming power - 60 Hz), motor generators (which use an electric motor to drive a
`generator that provides electrical power), and UPSes.
`Power SystemsA system thot provides a conversion of a primary alternating cur
`rent power to direct current voltages required by telecom equipment, and may generate
`emergency power whenthe primary altemating current source is interrupted.
`Power Technology New technologies to create, distribute and clean electricity. A
`microturbine is a powertechnology.
`Power UpThe sequence of things you have to do in order to tun a computer ortele
`phone system on. You can't cut corners starting up electronic equipment. It must be done
`carefully ond in the correct order. Always count to ten after turning something off before
`turing it back on again. See also Power Down.
`Power Vendor (One who has a mojor chunkof o market. Some users believe that
`a good [S strategy is to buy from a power vendorin the belief that “you can’t go wrong
`buying from AT&T, IBM, Northern Telecom...”fill in the name of your favorite power ven-
`or.
`Power, Peak In a pulsed laser, the maximum power emitted.
`Powerline Communications Sending voice, video, data — in shor
`telecommunications signals — over copper wire that normally carry high voltage electric
`ity (110 volts AC and higher) for use in home and businesses forlighting, heating, etc.
`PPCPaypercall.
`PPDPartial PacketDiscard. A technique used in ATM networks for congestion control in
`support of both Classical IP over ATM ond Local Area Network Emulation (LANE). Such data
`is transmitted in the form of packets and frames, respectively, each of which typically is 0
`subset of a much larger set of data such as a file. In the case of Classical IP over ATM, each
`data packet can be variable in size, up to a maximum of 65,536 octets (e.g., bytes). As
`the IP data packet enters the ATM switch on the ingress side of the ATM network,itis
`stored in a buffer until such time as the ATM switch can segmentit into cells, each with o
`payload of 48 octets — there con be o great many such cells for each packet — ond act
`fo set up a path and circuit to forward the stream ofcells which comprise the original pack
`at. If a given cell is dropped for somereason (e.g., there is not enough buffer space at
`either the incoming or the outgoing buffer within the switch, the integrity of the original
`packetis lost. Early implementations of Classical 1P over ATM simply forwardedthe remaitr
`der of the cells associated with that packet. So, the earlier cells madeit to the destination
`device while the later cells didn’t. When the cells were reassembled into the packet asthey
`exited the ATM network, the result was an incomplete packet. The higher layer protocols
`then requested a retransmission of the entire packet. If the ATM network was highly con
`gested, this occurrence wos repeated many times, thereby contributing to further conges
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`652
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`Leo4 eSi
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`HTC/ZTE Exhibit 1010-3
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