PCT
`
`WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATION
`International Bureau
`
`INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PC1)
`
`•
`
`(51) International Patent Classification 4 :
`
`A638 69/00, 69/12
`
`(11) International Publication Number:
`
`W087/05229
`
`A2
`
`(43) International Publication Date:
`11 September 1987 (11.09.87)
`
`(21) International Application Number:
`
`PCT/GB87/00141
`
`(22) International Filing Date:
`
`27 February 1987 (27.02.87)
`
`(74) Agent: HOWDEN, Christopher, A.; Forrester, Ketley
`& Co., Forrester House, 52 Bounds Green Road, Lon-
`don Nl 1 2EY (GB).
`
`(31) Priority Application Numbers:
`
`8605054
`8606196
`
`(32) Priority Dates:
`
`28 February 1986 (28.02.86)
`13 March 1986 (13.03.86)
`
`(33) Priority Country:
`
`GB
`
`. (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): SCIEN·
`TIFIC APPLIED RESEARCH (SAR) PLC [GB/GB];
`27 Northolt Road, Harrow, Middlesex HA2 OLS
`(GB).
`
`(72) Inventor; and
`(75) Inventor/Applicant (for US only): JOHNSON, William,
`--
`Nevil, Heaton [GB/GB]; 2 Mulberry Close, Hamp-
`stead, London NW3 (GB).
`
`(81) Designated States: AT (European patent), AU, BB, BE
`(European patent), BG, BJ (OAPI patent), BR, CF
`(OAPI patent), CG (OAPI patent}, CH (European pa(cid:173)
`tent), CM (OAPI patent), DE (European patent), DK,
`FI, FR (European patent), GA (OAPI patent), GB
`(European patent), HU, IT (European patent), JP,
`KP, KR, LK, LU (European patent), MC, MG, ML
`(OAPI patent), MR (OAPI patent), MW; NL (Euro(cid:173)
`pean patent), NO, RO, SD, SE (European patent),
`SN (OAPI patent), SU, TD (OAPI patent), TG (OAPI
`patent), US.
`
`Published
`Without international search report and to be repu(cid:173)
`blished upon receipt of that report.
`
`(54) Title: DEVICE FOR USE BY SPORTSMEN AND SPORTSWOMEN
`
`(57) Abstract
`
`A device for use by sportsmen and sportswomen in assessing performance and training, and preferably adapted to
`be strapped to the wrist like a wrist watch includes means for emitting sounds, such as pace-making signals, or start signals
`indicating the beginning of timed periods, and input means such as a push-button or buttons, wereby the user can provide
`signals to the device to set the device or enter data such as pace or stroke rate pace length. The device preferably can also
`count the number of paces run or strokes swum, and calculate distance covered, mean speed and so on. In a variant, the
`device may incorporate a sensor for sensing when individual swimming strokes are made or paces made in running.
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`FOR THE PURPOSES OF INFORMATION ONLY
`
`Codes used to identify States party to the PCT on the front pages of pamphlets publishing international app li(cid:173)
`cations under the PCT.
`
`AT Austria
`AU Australia
`BB Barbados
`BE Belgium
`BG Bulgaria
`BJ Benin
`BR Brazil
`CF Central African Republic
`CG Congo
`CH Switzerland
`CM Cameroon
`DE Germany, Federal Republic of
`Di'. Denmark
`F1
`Finland
`
`J!R France
`GA Gabon
`GB United Kingdom
`HU Hungary
`Italy
`IT
`Japan
`JP
`KP Democratic People's Republic
`of Korea
`KR Republic of Korea
`LI Liechtenstein
`LK SriLanka
`LU Luxembourg
`MC Monaco
`MG Madagascar
`
`ML Mali
`MR Mauritania
`MW Malawi
`NL Netherlands
`NO Norway
`RO Romania
`SD Sudan
`SE Sweden
`SN Senegal
`SU Soviet Union
`1D Chad
`TG Togo
`US United States of America
`
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`WO 87/05229
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`PCT/GB87/00141
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`Title: "Device for use by sportsmen and sportswomen"
`
`THIS INVENTION relates to. a device for use by sportsmen and women in
`assessing their performance.
`
`According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a device
`for use by, for example, sportsmen and sportswomen in assessing perform(cid:173)
`
`ance, incorporating means for emitting sounds to communicate information
`to the user, and means whereby the user can provide signals to the device,
`
`the device incorporating means for performing a counting and/or timing
`function related to the particular activity concerned, and for actuating said
`sound emitting means in correlation with the carrying out of said function.
`
`In a pref erred embodiment, there is provided a device for use by
`
`sportsmen or sportswomen in training and incorporating means for emitting
`audible signals in a predetermined sequence and at pre-determined intervals
`following a manual triggering operation to simulate a race-start sequence,
`and means for initiating timing of a period elapsing from a predetermined
`
`signal in said sequence, until a further stop-signal supplied subsequently to
`the device.
`
`The device may be adapted to be secured to the user's body and may
`incorporate sensing means for sensing movements made by the user in
`carrying out the particular activity concerned, for example for detecting
`
`the execution of successive strokes by a swimmer or the making of
`successive paces by a runner, and means for counting the number of
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`successive strokes, paces, or the like, executed.
`
`Thus, according to another aspect.of the invention there is provided a
`device for use by swimmers in assessing performance, the device being
`adapted to be secured to a swimmer's body and incorporating sensing means
`for sensing movements made by the swimmer in swimming and thereby
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`-2-
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`detecting the execution of successive strokes, and means for counting the
`number of successive strokes executed.
`
`The sensing means may, according to this aspect, be sensitive to the
`orientation of the force of gravity relative to the device, whereby the
`execution of successive strokes may be determined by changes in the
`orientation with respect to the vertical part of the swimmer's body to which
`the device is attached, during each stroke.
`
`Alternatively, or in addition, the sensing means may be sensitive.to
`accelerational or decelerational forces arising from the movements of the.
`device, and the part of the swimmer's body to which the device is attached.
`
`The sensing means may include a two sensors, a first one of which is
`sensitive to the orientation of the force of gravity relative to the device and
`the second of which is sensitive, for example, to accelerational or de(cid:173)
`celerational forces. The first sensor may be utilised, for example, for
`strokes in which the arms of the swimmer move in a manner which approxi(cid:173)
`mates roughly to rotation about a horizontal axis, for example the freestyle
`or crawl stroke. The second sensor may be utilised for strokes in which the
`inclination of the swimmers limbs relative to the vertical may vary in a less
`pronounced manner, for example the breast stroke.
`
`The first sensor, in this instance, may comprise, for example, a small
`weight, such as a metal ball, guided for free movement between limiting
`positions, in one of which the weight operates a detector to provide a signal,
`so
`that each time the weight moves to said one limiting position a
`respective signal is produced. The weight may comprise, for example, a
`pivotally mounted weight, a metal ball confined within a tube or the like
`arrangement. Thus, assuming the device to be attached to the swimmer's
`wrist, for every stroke which the respective arm completes, the weight will
`be moved to said one limiting position at least once during every stroke to
`operate the detector and produce a respective signal •
`
`.
`
`The second sensor, sensitive to acceleration or deceleration of
`forces, may likewise comprise a weight mounted for movement between the
`limiting positions, but in this instance urged towards a predetermined
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`position by a spring or the like so that only when the device is subjected to
`acceleration or deceleration can the weight be moved from its normal
`position ta operate a detector. Alternatively, the first and second sensors
`may be constructed virtually without moving parts, for example being
`constructed as an electronic load-sensing device such as a piezo-electric
`cell, strain gauge or the like with a small weight mounted thereon.
`
`the swimmer can select, by
`Provision may be made whereby
`operation of said input means, which of the two sensors is effective ta
`determine when a stroke has been executed. However,
`it will be
`appreciated that it is possible for both sensors to remain effective whenever •
`the device is in use and for the device to incorporate processing means
`whereby the signals produced by the two sensors and the variations of these
`signals with time, and the inter-relationship of these signals to one another
`can be analysed, to provide a reliable detection of the execution of a stroke.
`For example, the arrangement may be such that the device may be placed
`by operation of the input means, in a calibrating state in which the
`substantially repeating cycle of signals produced by the sensors during the
`execution of repeated strokes in swimming in a particular style is recorded,
`whereafter the device may be set in a normal state in which repetition of
`each cycle of the corresponding sequence will be interpreted by
`the
`processing means as the detection of the execution of a respective complete
`stroke.
`
`Other means of detection may be utilised, of course. For example
`the device may incorporate a light sensor, a sensor of the dielectric
`constant of the medium around the device, a pressure sensor or the like
`whereby fluctuation
`in
`these quantities during swimming, e.g. as a
`swimmer's arms are withdrawn from and returned to the water, will provide
`a detection of the execution of a stroke.
`
`Where the sensors operate substantially by sensing accelerational or
`deceleratianal of forces, they may be so contrived as ta be capable of
`detecting the slight impact produced by the swimmer's limbs breaking the
`water surface. Likewise such sensors may be arranged to detect the
`somewhat sharper impact which may be produced either deliberately or as a
`matter of course by the swimmer striking the end of the pool at the
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`completion of a length, with the device being arranged to count individual
`lengths swum instead of, or in addition to, individual strokes executed.
`
`The device, using signals from the timing means and from the
`sensors, is able to calculate time related quantities such as stroke rate,
`elapsed time, etc., as will be apparent from the examples given in relation
`to modes (a) to (h) below.
`
`In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in either aspect, the
`device is in the form of a small unit provided with a strap whereby it can ~e
`attached to one of the user's limbs, or with a suitable clip whereby the
`device may be attached to the user's clothing, for example to a swimming
`costume.
`
`The device may be an electronic device with a self-contained power
`supply, a display, and input means, for example in the form of a manually
`operable push button or buttons, whereby the device may be operated in
`different modes and/or data may be entered into the device, as set out in
`detail below.
`In embodiments intended far use in watersports, the device
`is, of course, appropriately waterproofed. The device preferably has the
`outward form of a wrist-watch and has a time-piece function so that it may
`be used as a watch in everyday use.
`
`In some forms, the device may incorporate sensing means, for sensing
`when successive swimming strokes have been executed, or successive paces,
`paddle strokes or the equivalent have been made, depending upon the
`activity concerned. Furthermore the device may include timing means,
`manually operable input means, processing means arranged to receive
`signals from the sound emitting means, timing means and input means, and a
`display driven by the processing means. The display may be a digital
`electronic display, for example an LCD display, of the kind commonly used
`in digital electronic watches.
`
`The device, using signals from the timing means and from the
`sensors, is able to calculate time related quantities such as stroke rate,
`elapsed time, etc., as will be apparent from the examples given below.
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`.
`
`-5-
`
`As will be apparent from the above and what follows, several of the
`preferred modes of operation of the device require the provision, to the
`processing means, of information to be provided by the user.
`Such
`information is preferably carried in
`the device in digital form
`in an
`electronic memory, and by appropriate operation of the input means (push
`buttons or the like) the device may be placed in a selected one of a series of
`calibrating states in each of which a respective quantity may be entered in
`the appropriate area in the memory. The calibration system adopted may be
`similar to that utilised in time setting in digital electronic watches, with the
`display indicating a number advanced automatically so that the desii-ed
`number. can be entered simply by pressing or releasing a button when the
`desired number is shown on the display, with the display also providing an
`indication of what quantity is currently under calibration.
`
`By way of non-limiting example, the device may be capable of
`operating in any one of the following modes:-
`
`a)
`
`on the basis of a pool length, lap length or the equivalent, entered via
`the calibration facility, to calculate and display strokes, paces or the
`like per unit distance, (on the basis of the stroke count, pace count or
`the like occurring in the time lapsing between successive signals
`provided when the user begins to cover a predetermined length and
`completes that length, for example on the basis of the stroke count
`occurring in the time lapsing between successive signals provided
`when a swimmer leaves one end of a swimming pool and when he
`reaches the other end of the pool);
`
`b)
`
`stroke rate, pace or the like rate (strokes or paces or the like
`executed per unit of time or time per given number of strokes or
`paces);
`
`c)
`
`overall elapsed time (e.g. between signals provided by the user, for
`
`example on leaving one end of the pool and on reaching the other
`end);
`
`d)
`
`given a predetermined number of lengths, laps or the equivalent
`entered via the calibration facility, to indicate the overall time
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`-6-
`
`e)
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`f)
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`required to complete the number of lengths or laps entered (on the
`basis of signals provided at the completion of each length or lap);
`
`to operate an audible alarm at a pre-set time after a starting signal,
`whereby a swimmer or runner, for example, can set a target time for
`a given distance and will be advised, by triggering of the alarm, as to
`whether or not, and by what amount, he has failed to reach the target
`set;
`
`!
`
`on the basis of a given distance covered per stroke, pace or the like
`executed, (or, for example, per hundred strokes, paces or the like
`executed), ·entered in the device using the calibrating facility, to
`calculate and display the total distance covered, based upon the
`number of strokes, paces or the like executed;
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`g)
`
`h)
`
`to operate as a stop watch;
`
`to operate as a normal time-piece to indicate time of day.
`
`The device may incorporate sensing means for sensing physiological
`quantities such as the heart rate of the wearer, and may have a facility for
`calculating and displaying, on the basis of pre-set information, as well as the
`total strokes or lengths swum etc., or total paces or distance covered etc.,
`the total number of calories used in a swimming, running or the like session.
`The device may also include means for sensing the temperature of the
`environment in which the device is located, e.g. temperature of the water
`during swimming or, where the device is worn as a normal watch at other
`times, the temperature of the surroundings. The device may also, where
`intended for use by swimmers, include a water pressure sensor, with the
`device, in a further mode, being arranged to give readings of depth under
`the water surface. Such a pressure sensor may also form the basis of a
`means used for sensing execution of successive strokes in swimming.
`
`Where an alarm facility is provided, the device in one mode, may
`operate the alarm when a pre-set number of strokes, or a pre-set number of
`lengths have been swum. The alarm may also be used as an ordinary alarm
`when the device is used as a conventional timepiece.
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`PCT/GB87/00141
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`The device may incorporate a sound-emitting facility the use of
`
`which is not restricted to the provision of an audible alarm and which may
`
`be used for pace-setting and for otherwise signalling to the swimmer, as set
`
`out below.
`
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`Thus, the device may be arranged to operate in the following modes:-
`
`(i)
`
`a mode in which, after being triggered by, for example, the wearer
`
`pressing a button, the device, after a short delay of, for example,
`
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`about five seconds, emits a first audible tone or "beep", about a
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`second later emits a further audible tone or "beep" and, about a
`further second after that, emits a final tone or "beep". In this mode,
`the first, second and third tones correspond respectively with the
`
`starter's "ready", "set", and the report of the starting pistol at the
`beginning of a race. Accordingly, the sportsman may train himself
`in, for example starting in races by operating the triggering button,
`then readying himself to begin running, for example, or, in the case
`of a swimmer, to dive in and to begin swimming promptly on the
`
`occurrence of the third tone. In this mode, the timing or "stopwatch"
`facility in
`the device commences its timing operation in exact
`
`synchronism with the occurrence of the third tone and is arranged to
`terminate its timing operation upon a further input signal being
`
`supplied to the device, which may be done, for example, by an
`appropriate sensor arranged to sense, for example, the impact of a
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`swimmer's hand on the end of the pool, as detected by a built-in
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`sensor or a sensor pad attached to the wearer's wrist, for example, or
`by an appropriate control operable in same other way by the user. In
`
`this mode, the device may have the facility for the user to enter a
`predetermined distance which he intends to cover. Thus, when this
`
`facility is incorporated in the embodiment intended for use by a
`swimmer, the device will, for timing purposes, ignore the stroking of
`the swimmer's hand at the end of a length apart from that occurring
`
`at the end of the last length of the pre-set number;
`
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`(j)
`
`a mode in which the device emits audible tones or "beeps" at regular
`
`intervals of selected duration. Using the device in this mode, the
`swimmer makes his strokes or a runner his paces, for example, in
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`time to the audible tones.
`
`In this mode, the device may count the
`
`audible tones emitted and treat these as corresponding with strokes,
`paces or the like made, so that it is unnecessary to provide means for
`actually sensing the making of strokes, paces or the like by the user.
`On the assumption that the user is adhering to the pace set by the
`device, the device may be arranged, on the basis of a distance entry
`entered manually and on the basis of the number of strokes, paces or
`
`the like (i.e. tones or "beeps" emitted) in covering that distance, to
`calculate how many feet are covered per stroke, pace, or the like by
`the user at this particular pace. The device may, on this bas.is,
`calculate approximately the total distance covered by the user whilst
`adhering to that particular stroke, pace or the like rate, or even
`mean speed at that rate, or time taken to cover a pre-set distance at
`that particular rate. On this basis, it is relatively simple for the
`user, by keeping appropriate records, to determine what is, far him,
`the best pace, stroke or the like rate for covering a particular
`distance.
`Indeed, the device itself may incorporate a facility for
`maintaining such a record and for displaying the recorded data, or
`even calculating and displaying, on demand, the optimum stroke, base
`or the like rate based on the data previously recorded;
`
`a mode in which the device will count the number of lengths swum or
`laps covered by the wearer. Thus, when the user reaches the end of a
`length of a swimming pool being swum, or completes a lap of a
`running track he may operate a simple, operable control facility to
`generate a count signal to be counted by the device as another length
`swum, lap covered, or the like. For example, in an embodiment of
`the device intended for use by a swimmer, when the swimmer reaches
`
`the end· of a length of the pool, he may, for example, slap his wrist on
`the end of the pool so that a pad worn around the wrist or on the
`watch senses the resultant impact and generates a count signal to be
`counted by the device as another length swum. The watch may
`furthermore be arranged to be set to a pre-set number of lengths or
`laps and to emit a predetermined audible signal when the user has,
`for example, covered half of the set distance or some other fraction
`of the set distance or every time the user has covered a further
`predetermined fraction of the set distance, for example at every
`
`(k)
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`successive fifth of the set distance covered. When operating in this
`mode, the device may be arranged to emit a continuous tone or a
`continuous series of rapid tones during covering of the last length or
`lap to indicate to the user that he is reaching the end of the pre-set
`distance;
`
`(1)
`
`(m)
`
`a mode in which, after manual entry into the device of information
`corresponding to the length of a pool to be swum or a lap of a track,
`the device will calculate and display the total distance swum between
`a start operation and a stop operation;
`
`a mode in which, after manual entry of the length of the pool to be
`swum, or of the perimeter of a track to be run, or the like, the device
`will emit an audible tone to signify that the desired distance has been
`covered. This facility may, of course, be combined with the pace(cid:173)
`making facility referred to above and the timing facility so that the
`device will advise the user when he has completed a pre-set distance
`and will at the same time indicate the time taken to cover the pre(cid:173)
`set distance. In the case of a device intended for use by swimmers,
`the device will preferably perform this function even if, at the
`completion of the pre-set distance, the swimmer is intermediate the
`ends of the pool;
`
`(n)
`
`a mode in which it is possible for the user to set a target time for
`covering, for example a given number of lengths of a swimming pool
`
`or a given number of laps of a running track, and in which the device,
`after going through the "start" sequence of mode (i) above, proceeds
`to time out the pre-set target time and emits audible tones at the
`instants at which, for example, the fourth length, lap or the equi(cid:173)
`valent should have been covered, the fifth length, lap or the like
`should have been covered and so on, so that the. user will know when
`he is falling behind or ahead of his target time.
`In this made, the
`device may simultaneously keep a record of the number of lengths
`swum, laps covered, or the like, and may display, during swimming,
`running or other distance covering activity, the number of laps,
`lengths or the equivalent already covered and, possibly, a symbol
`signifying whether the user is ahead of or behind his target time.
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`CLAIMS
`
`-10-
`
`PCT/GB87/00141
`
`.
`
`A device for use by, for example, sportsmen and sportswomen in
`1.
`assessing performance,
`incorporating means
`for emitting sounds
`to
`communicate information to the user, and means whereby the user can
`provide signals to the device, the device incorporating means for performing
`a counting and/or
`timing function related
`to
`the particular activity
`concerned, and for actuating said sound emitting means in correlation with
`the carrying out of said function.
`
`A device for use by, for example, sportsmen and sportswomen, in
`2.
`assessing performance, the device being adapted to be secured to the user's
`body and incorporating means for emitting audible signals at selectable
`intervals to define a desired stroke, pace or the like rate, and means for
`counting the number of such audible signals emitted as a count of the
`strokes, paces or the like made by the swimmer.
`
`A device for use by, for example, sportsmen and sportswomen in
`3.
`assessing performance, the device being adapted to be secured to the user's
`body and being arranged to emit audible signals at the elapse of successive
`predetermined fractions of a pre-selectable time period.
`
`A device for use by sportsmen or sportswomen in training and incor-
`4.
`porating means for emitting audible signals in a predetermined sequence and
`at pre-determined intervals following a manual triggering operation to
`simulate a race-start sequence, and means for initiating timing of a period
`elapsing from a predetermined signal in said sequence, until a further stop(cid:173)
`signal supplied subsequently to the device.
`
`A device for use by swimmers in assessing performance, the device
`5.
`being adapted to be secured to a swimmer's body and incorporating sensing
`the swimmer in swimming and
`means for sensing movements made by
`thereby detecting the execution of successive strokes, and means for
`counting the number of successive strokes executed.
`
`5
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
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`IPR2017-01058
`Garmin EX1006 Page 12
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`

`

`WO 87/05229
`
`PCT/GB87/00141
`
`.
`
`-11-
`
`6.
`
`A device according to claim 5 wherein said sensing means is sensitive
`
`to the orientation of the force of gravity relative to the device, whereby the
`execution of successive strokes may be determined by changes in
`the
`orientation with respect to the vertical part of the swimmer's body to which
`the device is attached, during each stroke.
`
`7.
`
`A device according to claim 5, wherein said sensing means is
`
`sensitive to accelerational or decelerational forces arising from the move(cid:173)
`ments of the device, and the part of the swimmer's body to which the device
`is attached.
`
`A device f01 use by swimmers in assessing performance, the device
`8.
`being adapted to be secured to a swimmer's body and
`incorporating
`detecting means for detecting the execution of successive strokes, and
`means for counting the number of successive strokes executed.
`
`A device for use by swimmers in sensing performance, the device
`9.
`being adapted to be secured to a swimmer's body and incorporating means
`for emitting audible signals at selectable intervals to define a desired stroke
`pace, and means for counting the number of such audible signals emitted as
`a count of the strokes made by the swimmer.
`
`A device for use by swimmers in sensing performance, the device
`10.
`being adapted to be secured to a swimmer's body and being arranged to emit
`audible signals at the elapse of successive predetermined fractions of a pre(cid:173)
`selectable time period.
`
`11.
`
`A device for use by swimmers in training and incorporating means for
`
`emitting audible signals in a predetermined sequence and at pre-determined
`intervals following a manual triggering operation to simulate a race-start
`sequence, and means for initiating timing of a period elapsing from a pre(cid:173)
`determined signal in said sequence, until a further stop-signal supplied sub(cid:173)
`sequently to the device.
`
`5
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`IPR2017-01058
`Garmin EX1006 Page 13
`
`