THE
`
`MERCK INDEX
`
`AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
`
`CHEMICALS, DRUGS, AND BIOLOGICALS
`
`THIRTEENTH EDITION
`
`Editorial Staff
`
`Maryadele I. O’Neil, Senior Editor
`
`Ann Smith, Senior Associate Editor
`
`Patricia E. Heckelman, Associate Editor
`
`John R. Obenchain In, Editorial Assistant
`
`Jo Ann R. Gallipeau, Technical Assistant
`
`Mary Ann D’Arecca, Administrative Associate
`
`Susan Budavari, Editor Emeritus
`
`Published by
`Merck Research Laboratories
`
`Division of
`
`MERCK & CO., INC.
`Whitehouse Station, NJ
`
`2001
`
`Argentum Pharm. LLC V. Alcon Research, Ltd.
`Case IPR2017-01053
`
`ALCON 2031
`
`

`

`MERCK & CO., INC.
`Whitehouse Station, NJ
`USA
`
`1st Edition-1889
`2nd Edition-1896
`3rd Edition-1907
`4th Edition-1930
`5th Edition-1940
`6th Edition-1952
`7th Edition-1960
`8th Edition-1968
`9th Edition-1976
`lOth Edition-1983
`II th Edition-1989
`12th Edition-1996
`
`Library of Congress Catalog
`Card Number 89-60001
`ISBN Number 0911910-13-1
`
`Copyright © 2001 by MERCK & CO., INC.
`All rights reserved. Copyright under the Universal Copyright Convention
`and the International Copyright Convention.
`Copyright reserved under the Pan-American Copyright Convention.
`
`Printed in the USA
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`

`

`10181
`
`Zinc Acetate
`
`for die-casting; as a protective coating for other metals to pre(cid:173)
`vent corrosion; for electrical apparatus, especially dry cell bat(cid:173)
`teries, household utensils, castings. printing plates. building ma(cid:173)
`terials, railroad car linings, automotive equipment; as reducing
`agent in organic chemistry; for deoxidizing bronze; extracting
`gold by the cyanide process, purifying fats for soaps; bleaching
`bone glue; manuf sodium hydrosullite; insulin zinc salts; as re(cid:173)
`agent in analytical chemistry. e.g .• in the Marsh and Gutzeit test
`for arsenic; as a reducer in the determination of iron. It is a
`nutritional trace clement.
`10181. Zinc Acetate. (557-34-6( Galzin. C 4 H"04Zn; mol
`wt I 83.49. C 26. I 8%, H 3.30%, 0 34.88%, Zn 35.64%. Zn(C2-
`H.102h. Prcpn of anhydr salt frnm zinc nitrate and acetic an(cid:173)
`hydride: Spllth. Mmwtsh. 33, 235 (1912). Clinical evaluations
`in Wilson's disease: G. M. Hill t•t at .. Ht•ptllology 1, 522 (I 987);
`G. J. Brewer eta/., J.l..tlh. Clin. Mt•d. 109,526 (1987). Toxicity:
`H. r. Smyth t•tal .. Am. Ind. Hyg. A.1·.mc. J. 30, 470 (I 969).
`Dihydrate. Crystalli~.cs frnm dil acetic acid; faint, acetous
`odor; astringent taste; slightly efflorescent. d 1.735; mp 237°.
`One gram dissolves in 2.3 ml water, 1.6 ml boiling water, 30
`ml alcohol. about I ml boiling alcohol. The aq soln is neutral
`or slightly acid to litmus; pH about 5-6. Keep in well-clo.•·••tl
`contai1wrs. LD~11 orally in rats: 2.46 glkg (Smyth).
`lJSH: Preserving W<Kid; as mordant in dyeing; manuf glazes
`for painting on porcelain. As a reagent in testing for albumin.
`tannin. urnbilin, phosphate, blmld.
`THHRAI' CAT: Styptic. astringent. In treatment of Wilson's
`disease.
`THERAI' CAT <Vtrn: Antiseptic, astringent, prntective (topi(cid:173)
`cal). Has been used us an emetic.
`10182. Zinc Bromide. (7699-45-8] Br2Zn; mol wt225.19.
`Br 70.96%. Zn 29.04%. ZnBr2• Usually contains at least 97%
`ZnBr2, the remainder being chiefly water.
`Very hygrnscopic, granular powder; sharp, metallic taste. d
`4.22; mp 394•; bp 697° with panial dccompn. One gram dis(cid:173)
`solves in 0.25 ml water, 0.5 ml 90% alcohol; sol in ether, solns
`of alkali hydrnxides. The aq soln is acid to litmus; pH about 4.
`Keet> tightly closed.
`USH: Making silver bromide collodion emulsions for pho(cid:173)
`tography; in the shielding of viewing windows for nuclear re(cid:173)
`actions.
`10183. Zinc Caprylate. (557-09-5( Octanoic acid zinc
`salt. c,.H.1110 4Zn; mol wt 351.85. C 54.61%, H 8.61%. 0
`18.19%, Zn 18.58%. Zn(CKH 1,02h- Prcpd from ammonium
`caprylate and zinc sulfate: van Renesse, Ann. 171,380 (1874).
`Lustrous scales from ale, mp 136°. Sparingly sol in boiling
`water; m<lder-o~tely sol in boiling alcohol. Keep well closed. Dec
`in moist atm giving off caprylic acid.
`USH: As fungicide like zinc propionate.
`10184. Zinc Carbonate.
`(3486-35-9] CO~Zn; mol wt
`I 25.40. C 9.58%, 0 38.28%, Zn 52. I 5%. ZnC03• Occurs in
`nature as the minerals smilhsonile. tincspar. Prepn: HUttig et
`at .. Monatsh. 12,31 (1939).
`Rhombohedral structure. Solubility in water at 15° 0.001
`g/100 g; sol in dil acids, alkalies, solns of NH: salts.
`Basic carbonate. Zinc carbonate hydroxide; zinc subcar(cid:173)
`bonate. Variable composition, usually characterized a• 3Zn(cid:173)
`(0Hh.2ZnC03. Occurs as the mineral hydrozincile. Reagent
`specification: 70% ZnO minimum.
`USE: As pigment; manuf of porcelains, pottery, rubber.
`THERAPCAT: Astringent, topical antiseptic.
`THERAP CAT (VET): Astringent, antiseptic, protective (topi(cid:173)
`cal). Also used in ratiol)s to prevent Zn deficiency diseases.
`10185. Zinc Chloride. [7646-85-7] Butter of zinc. CI2Zn;
`mol wt 136.29. CI 52.02%, Zn 47.98%. ZnC12• Usually con(cid:173)
`tains at least 95% ZnC12; remainder is chiefly water and oxy(cid:173)
`chloride. Toxicity: Bruner, Fed. Proc. 9, 260 (1950).
`White, odorless, very deliquesc granules, or fused pieces or
`rods. d25 2.907; mp -2900; bp 732°. Solubility in H20: 432
`g/100 g (25°); 614 g/100 g {100°). One gram dissolves in 0.25
`ml of 2% HCl, in 1.3 rnl alcohol, 2 rnl glycerol; freely sol in
`acetone. With much water some zinc oxychloride is formed.
`
`The aq soln is acid to litmus; pH about 4. Keep tightly closed.
`LD i.v. in raL.: 60-90 mglkg (Bruner).
`Caution: Potential symptoms of overexposure to fumes are
`conjunctivitis; irritation of skin, eyes, nose and throat; coughing,
`copious sputum; dyspnea, chest pain, pulmonary edema and
`bronchopneumonia; pulmonary fibrosis, cor pulmonale; fever;
`cyanosis; tachypnea; skin bums. See N/OSH Packet Guide to
`Chemiml Hazt~rds (DHHS/ NIOSH 97-140, 1997) p 338.
`IJSH: Deodorant. disintecting and embalming material; alone
`or with phenol and other antiseptics for preserving railway ties;
`fireproofing lumber; with ammonium chloride as flux for sol(cid:173)
`dering; etching metals; manuf parchment paper. anificial silk,
`dyes, activated carbon, cold-water glues, vulcanized fiber;
`browning steel, galvanizing iron, copper-plating iron; in mag(cid:173)
`nesia cements; petroleum oil relining; cement for metals and for
`facing stone; mordant in printing and dyeing textiles; carbon(cid:173)
`izing woolen goods; producing crepe and crimping fabrics; mer(cid:173)
`cerizing colton; sizing and weighting fabrics; vulcanizing
`rubber; solvent for cellulose; preserving anatomical specimens;
`in microscopy for separating silk, wool, and plant fibers; as de(cid:173)
`hydrating agent in chemical syntheses. Dentin descnsiti~.er.
`TIU:RAPC'AT: Astringent.
`THI!RAP CAT <VHTl: Antiseptic, astringent. Has been used in
`ulcers. fistulas, p<ld<ldermatitis.
`10186. Zinc Chromate(VI) Hydroxide. 1 13530-65-9]
`Zinc yellow; buttercup yellow; C.!. Pigment Yellow 36. A basic
`salt of somewhat variable composition. Approx Zn2Cr04(0H) 2•
`Hydrate. Yellow, <Kiorless,line powder. Slightly sol in wa(cid:173)
`ter; sol in dil acids, including acetic acid.
`NtJtt•: This substance has been listed as a known human car(cid:173)
`cinogen: Nimh Rt•part 011 Cardtwgens (PB2!Xl0-107509, 2000)
`p 111-22.
`IJSE: As pigment in paints, varnishes, oil colors. linoleum,
`rubber, etc.
`10187. Zinc Citrate.
`(546-46-3( 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-pro(cid:173)
`panetricarboxylic acid zinc salt. C 12H 1110 14Zn,; mol wt574.39.
`C 25.09%, H 1.76%, 0 39.()()%, Zn 34.15%. Zn3(C6 H,07 ),.
`Prcpd from zinc cariKmatc and citric acid: Heldt, Ann. 47, 157
`(1843).
`Dihydrate. Odorless powder. Slightly sol in water; sol in
`dil mineral acids. in alkali hydroxides.
`In t<K>thpastc and mouthwash.
`USE:
`10188. ZincCyanide. (557-21-11 c,N,Zn;molwtll7.43.
`C 20.45%, N 23.86%. Zn 55.68%. Zn(CN),. Usually contains
`about 85% zinc cyanide, some water and oxide.
`White powder. Poison! Insol in water; sol in solns of alkali
`cyanides or hydroxides; not appreciably attacked by organic ac(cid:173)
`ids, but readily dec by dil mineral acid with evolution of hydro(cid:173)
`gen cyanide.
`USE: Electroplating; removing NH_, from producer gas.
`10189. Zinc Fluoride. [7783-49-5] F 2Zn; mol wt 103.39.
`F 36.75%, Zn 63.25%. ZnF2• Prepd from ZnC0.1 and HF: Ruff,
`Die Chemie de.• Fluors (Berlin, 1920) p 36; Emeleus in Fluorine
`Chemistry vol.l, J. H. Simons, Ed. (Academic Press, New York,
`1950) p 38; Kwasnik in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic
`Chemistry vol. 1, G. Brauer, Ed. (Academic Press, New York,
`2nd ed., 1963) p 242.
`Tetragonal needles (rutile lattice) or white cryst ma.•s. d25
`5.00: Haendler et at .. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 74, 3167 (1952). mp
`872°. bp 1500•. Soly in water: 5 X w-s molesll, Kwasnik,
`lm·. cit. Slightly sol in aq HF. more sol in HCI, HN03, NH4-
`0H. Zinc fluoride used for fluorinations should be slightly hy(cid:173)
`drated.
`Tetrahydrate. Rhombohedral crystals, becomes anhydr at
`100°. Soly in water: 1.516 g/100 mi. May be stored in glass
`bottles.
`In the fluorination of organic compds, manuf phosphors
`USE:
`for fluorescent electric lights, glazes and enamels for porcelain,
`preserving wood, in electroplating baths.
`10190. Zinc Formate. [557-41-5] C 2H20 4Zn; mol wt
`155.43. C 15.45%, H 1.30%, 0 41.18%, Zn 42.07%.
`Zn(HCOO),. Forms dihydrate readily. Prepd from zinc car-
`
`Page 1810
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`Consult the Name Index before using this section.
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