VITA
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`Henry George Grabowski
`
`Office:
`
`Department of Economics
`Duke University
`305 Social Sciences
`Box 90097
`
`Durham, NC. 27708-0097
`
`Telephone:
`Fax:
`E-mail:
`
`(919) 660-1839
`(919) 681-7984
`grabow@econ. duke. edu
`
`Education:
`
`Telephone:
`
`(919) 929-7023
`
`Lehigh University, B. 8., Engineering Physics, 1962
`Princeton University, M.A., Economics, 1964
`Princeton University, Ph.D., Economics, 1967
`
`Professional Career:
`
`Assistant Professor in Economics Department, Yale University, 1967-1971
`Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research, 1971-1972
`
`Associate Professor in Economics Department, Duke University, 1972-1976
`Professor in Economics Department, Duke University, 1976—2009
`Professor Emeritus in Economics Department, Duke University, 2009-
`Research Fellow, International Institute of Management, Berlin, Germany, 1976
`Visiting Scholar, Health Care Financing Administration, Office of Research,
`Washington, DC. 1979-1980
`Director, Program in Pharmaceuticals and Health Economics, Duke
`University, 1983-
`
`
`Professional Organizations and Board Memberships:
`
`Adjunct Scholar and Advisory Board Member for Health Policy Research,
`American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research
`Board of Scientific Advisors, American Council on Science and Health
`Associate Editor, The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance
`Associate Editor, Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Economics
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`Major Fields of Interest:
`
`Industrial Organization
`Economics of Innovation
`Economics
`
`Government Regulation of Business
`Pharmaceutical Industry-Health
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`Argentum Pharrn. LLC v. Alcon Research, Ltd.
`Case IPR2017-01053
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`ALCON 2030
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`Books and Monographs:
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`Publications
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`Articles:
`
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`Drug Regulation and Innovation: Empirical Evidence and Policy Options, (American
`Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research: Washington, D.C.), 1976.
`
`The Impact of Regulation on Industrial Innovation (with John Vernon) (National
`Academy of Sciences: Washington, D.C.), 1979.
`
`The Regulation of Pharmaceuticals: Balancing the Benefits and Risks (with John
`Vernon) (American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research: Washington,
`D.C.), 1983.
`
`Health Reform and Pharmaceutical Innovation (American Enterprise Institute for
`Public Policy Research: Washington, D.C.), 1994.
`
`The Search for New Vaccines: The Effects of the Vaccines for Children Program,
`(American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research: Washington, D.C.), 1997.
`
`
`“A Graph-Oriented Model for Research Management,” (with Oscar Morgenstern and
`R. W. Shepherd), in M. C. Yovits, D. M. Gilford, E. Staveley, and H. D. Lerner, eds.,
`Research Program Effectiveness, (Gordon and Breach: New York), 1966, pp. 187-216.
`
`“The Determinants and Effects of Industrial Research and Development Expenditures,”
`Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 76, No. 2, March/April, 1968, pp. 292-306;
`reprinted in K. S. Palda, ed., Readings in Managerial Economics, (Prentice-Hall), 1973;
`also reprinted in S. Yamey, ed., Economics of Industrial Structure: Selected Readings,
`(Penguin Modern Economics Series), 1973.
`
`“Industrial Organization: The Role and Contribution of Econometrics,” (with Dennis
`Mueller), American Economic Review, Vol. 60, No. 2, May 1970, pp. 100-104.
`
`“Demand Shifting, Optimal Firm Growth, and Rule-of-Thumb Decision Making,”
`Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 84, May 1970, pp. 217-235.
`
`“Non-Price Competition in the Cigarette Industry: A Comment,” (with Dennis
`Mueller), Antitrust Bulletin, Vol. 40, Winter 1970, pp. 257-292.
`
`“Imitative Advertising in the Cigarette Industry,” (with Dennis C. Mueller), The
`Journal of American and Foreign Antitrust and Trade Regulation, Vol. 16, No. 2,
`Summer 1971, pp. 257-292.
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`“Determinants and Distributional Aspects of Enrollment in U.S. Higher Education,”
`(with A. Corazzini and D. Dugan), Journal of Human Resources, Winter 1972, pp. 39-
`59.
`
`“Managerial and Stockholder Welfare Models of Firm Expenditures,” (with Dennis
`Mueller), Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 54, February 1972, pp. 9-24.
`
`“Rivalry in Research and Development: An Empirical Study,” (with Nevins D.
`Baxter), Journal of Industrial Economics, Vol. 21, No. 2, July 1973, pp. 209-235.
`
`“Advertising and Resource Allocation: A Critique,” in Salvatore F. Davita, ed.,
`Advertising and the Public Interest, (American Marketing Association), 1974.
`
`“Life Cycle Effects on Corporate Returns on Retentions,” (with C. Dennis Mueller),
`Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 57, November 1975, pp. 400-409.
`
`“Structural Effects of Regulation on Innovation in the Ethical Drug Industry,” (with
`John Vernon), Chapter 10, in Robert T. Masson and P. David Qualls, eds., Essays on
`Industrial Organization in Honor of Joe S. Bain, (Ballinger Publishing Company:
`Cambridge), 1976, pp. 181-205.
`
`“The Effects of Advertising on the Interindustry Distribution of Demand,” in
`Occasional Papers of National Bureau of Economic Research, Explorations in
`Economic Research, Vol. 3, Winter 1976, pp. 21-75.
`
`“The Effects of Regulatory Policy on the Incentives to Innovate: An International
`Comparative Analysis,” (with John Vernon and Lacy Glenn Thomas), in Emery A.
`Link and Samuel Mitchell, eds., Impact of Public Policy on Drug Innovation and
`Pricing, (American University: Washington, D.C.), 1976, pp. 47-93.
`
`“Consumer Protection Regulation in Ethical Drugs,” (with John Vernon), American
`Economic Review, Vol. 67, February 1977, pp. 359-364.
`
`“Estimating the Effects of Regulation on Innovation: An International Comparative
`Analysis of the Pharmaceutical Industry,” (with John M. Vernon and Lacy Glenn
`Thomas), Journal of Law and Economics, Vol. 21, No. 1, April 1978, pp. 133-163.
`
`“The Effects of Advertising on IntraIndustry Shifts on Demand,” in Occasional Papers
`of National Bureau of Economic Research, Explorations in Economic Research, Vol. 4,
`No. 5, Fall 1978, pp. 675-701.
`
`“Consumer Product Safety Regulation,” (with John M. Vernon), American Economic
`Review, Vol. 68, May 1978, pp. 284-289.
`
`“Industrial Research and Development, Intangible Capital Stocks, and Firm Profit
`Rates,” (with Dennis Mueller), Bell Journal of Economics, Vol. 9, No. 2, Fall 1978, pp.
`328-343.
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`“New Studies on Market Definition, Concentration, Theory of Supply, Entry and
`Promotion,” (with John M. Vernon), in Robert I. Chien, ed., Issues in Pharmaceutical
`Economics, (Lexington Books: Lexington, Mass.), 1979, pp. 29-52.
`
`“Regulation of the United States Pharmaceutical Industry: Current Problems and
`Policy Developments,” in George Teeling-Smith, ed., Medicines for the Year 2000,
`(Office of Health Economics: London, England), 1979, pp. 57-74.
`
`The Effects of Product Quality Regulation on Innovation in the U.S. Pharmaceutical
`Industry, Final Report for the National Science Foundation Grant PRA 75-19823
`(National Technical Information Services, Washington, D.C.), 1979.
`
`“The Impact of Regulation on Innovation,” Food Drug Cosmetic Law Journal, Vol. 34,
`No. 10, October 1979, pp. 555-560.
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`“Substitution Laws and Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Industry,” (with John
`Vernon), Law and Contemporary Problems, Winter/Spring Issue, 1979, pp. 43-66.
`
`“Regulation and the International Diffusion of Pharmaceuticals,” in Robert B. Helms,
`ed., The International Supply of Medicines, (American Enterprise Institute for Public
`Policy Research: Washington, D.C.), 1980, pp. 5-36.
`
`“The Determinants of R&D Expenditures,” (with John Vernon), in Robert B. Helms,
`ed., Drugs and Health, (American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research:
`Washington, D.C.), 1981, pp. 3-20.
`
`“Regulation and Industrial Innovation,” in Industrial Innovation and Public Policy
`Options:
` Background Papers for a Colloquium, (National Academy Press:
`Washington, D.C.), 1981, pp. 65-81.
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`“Auto Safety Regulation: An Analysis of Market Failure,” (with Richard J. Arnould),
`The Bell Journal of Economics, Vol. 12, No. 1, Spring 1981, pp. 27-48.
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`“Public Policy and Innovation: The Case of Pharmaceuticals,” Technovation, Vol. 1,
`1982, pp. 157-189.
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`“A Sensitivity Analysis of Expected Profitability of Pharmaceutical Research and
`Development,” (with John Vernon), Managerial and Decision Economics, Vol. 3, No.
`1, March 1982, pp. 36-40.
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`“Public Policy and Pharmaceutical Innovation,” Health Care Financing Review, Vol. 4,
`No. 1, September 1982, pp. 75-87.
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`“An Evaluation of the Maximum Allowable Cost Program,” (with Jean P. Gagnon), in
`The Effectiveness of Medicines in Containing Health Care Costs, Proceedings of a
`Symposium of the National Pharmaceutical Council, Washington, D.C., 1982, pp. 81-
`113.
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`“The Pharmaceutical Industry,” (with John M. Vernon), in Richard R. Nelson, ed.,
`Government and Technical Progress - A Cross-Industry Analysis, (Pergamon Press:
`New York), 1982, pp. 283-360.
`
`“Automobile Safety Regulation: A Review of the Evidence,” (with Richard J.
`Arnould), in Richard O. Zerbe, ed., Research in Law and Economics, Vol. 5, 1983, pp.
`233-267.
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`“The Impact of Patent and Regulatory Policies on Drug Innovation,” Medical
`Marketing & Media, Vol. 18, No. 10, October 1983, pp. 42-63.
`
`“A Computer Simulation Model of Pharmaceutical Innovation,” (with John Vernon), in
`Bjorn Lindgren, ed., Pharmaceutical Economics, (Swedish Institute for Health
`Economics and Liber Forlag: Lund, Sweden), 1984, pp. 159-175.
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`Studies on Drug Substitution, Patent Policy and Innovation in the Pharmaceutical
`Industry, Final report to the National Science Foundation available from the National
`Technical Information Services, Number PB-85-109700, Washington, D.C., 1985.
`
`“Organizational Capital and the Choice between Specialization and Diversification,”
`(with Michael Gort and Robert McGuckin), Managerial and Decision Economics, Vol.
`6, No. 1, March 1985, pp. 2-10.
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`“Economic Aspects of Vaccine Innovation and Manufacturing,” (with Lawrence De
`Brock), Chapter 4, in Vaccine Supply and Innovation, (National Academy Press:
`Washington, D.C.), 1985, pp. 45-64.
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`“Longer Patents for Lower Imitation Barriers: The 1984 Drug Act,” (with John
`Vernon), The American Economic Review, Vol. 76, May 1986, pp. 195-198.
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`“Health Care Cost Containment and Pharmaceutical Innovation,” in Proceedings of the
`Conferences on Health Care and the Elderly, (Washington, D.C.), 1986, pp. 25-28.
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`Imitators, and Generics--A Simulation Model of Schumpeterian
`“Pioneers,
`Competition,” (with John Vernon), The Quarterly Journal of Economics, August 1987,
`pp. 491-525.
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`“The Health/Economic Benefits of Drug Therapy: Efficacy, Low Risk, Cost
`Effectiveness, Patient Information and Emancipation,” Swiss Pharma, Vol. 9, No. 3a,
`1987, pp. 29-31.
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`“Impact of Patent and Regulatory Policies on Drug Innovation,” Proceedings of the
`Second Annual Shearson Lehman Hutton Conference on Legal and Regulatory Issues
`Affecting Biotechnology and Health Care, (Shearson Lehman Hutton, Inc.: New
`York), October 1988, pp. 5-16.
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`“Medicaid Patients' Access to New Drugs,” Health Affairs, Winter 1988, pp. 102-114.
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`“Price and Availability Tradeoffs of Automobile Insurance Regulation,” (with W. Kip
`Viscusi and William N. Evans), Journal of Risk and Insurance, Vol. LVI, No. 2, June
`1989, pp. 275-299.
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`“An Analysis of U.S. International Competitiveness in Pharmaceuticals,” Managerial
`and Decision Economics, Special Issue, 1989, pp. 27-33.
`
`“Economic Scales and Tests,” (with Ronald W. Hansen), in B. Spilker, ed., Quality of
`Life Assessments in Clinical Trials, (Raven Press, Ltd.: New York), 1990, pp. 61-69.
`
`“Innovation and International Competitiveness in Pharmaceuticals,” in Arnold Heertje
`and Mark Perlman, eds., Evolving Technology and Market Structure: Studies in
`Schumpeterian Economics, (University of Michigan Press), 1990, pp. 167-185.
`
`“A New Look at the Returns and Risks to Pharmaceutical R&D,” (with John Vernon),
`Management Science, Vol. 36, No. 7, July 1990, pp. 804-821.
`
`“The Changing Economics of Pharmaceutical Research and Development,” in Annetine
`C. Gelijns and Ethan A. Halm, eds., The Changing Economics of Medical Technology,
`(National Academy Press: Washington, D.C.), 1991, pp. 35-52.
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`“Product Liability in the Pharmaceuticals: Comments on Chapters Eight and Nine,” in
`Peter W. Huber and Robert E. Litan, eds., The Liability Maze: The Impact of Liability
`Law on Safety and Innovation, (Brookings Institution: Washington, D.C.), 1991, pp.
`360-366.
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`“The Cost of Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Industry,” (with Joseph DiMasi, Ronald
`Hansen and Louis Lasagna), Journal of Health Economics, Volume 10, 1991, pp. 107-
`142.
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`“Pharmaceutical Research and Development: Returns and Risk,” Sixth Annual Centre
`for Medicines Research Lecture 1991, Centre for Medicines Research, Surrey, England,
`1991.
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`“The Effect of Medicaid Formularies on the Availability of New Drugs,” (with Stuart
`O. Schweitzer and S. Renee Shiota), PharmacoEconomics, Vol. 1 (Suppl. 1), 1992, pp.
`32-40.
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`“The Costs and Returns to Pharmaceutical Research and Development,” Rivista
`Internazionale di Scienze sociali, (International Social Studies Review), September
`1992, pp. 347-358.
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`“Brand Loyalty, Entry and Price Competition in Pharmaceuticals After the 1984 Drug
`Act,” (with John M. Vernon), Journal of Law and Economics, Vol. 35, No. 2, October
`1992, pp. 331-350.
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`“Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Costs,” Proceedings of the First International Health
`Care Forum, Health Care Policy and the Pharmaceutical Industry, Gotemba, Japan,
`1993.
`
`“Health Reform and Pharmaceutical Innovation,” Seton Hall Law Review, Vol. 24, No.
`3, 1994, pp. 1221-1259.
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`“Innovation and Structural Change in Pharmaceuticals and Biotechnology,” (with John
`Vernon), Industrial and Corporate Change, Vol. 3, No. 2, 1994, pp. 435-449.
`
`“Returns to R&D on New Drug Introductions in the 1980s,” (with John Vernon),
`Journal of Health Economics, Vol. 13, 1994, pp. 383-406.
`
`“Research and Development Costs for New Drugs by Therapeutic Category: A Study
`of the U.S. Pharmaceutical Industry,” (with Joseph A. DiMasi, Ronald W. Hansen, and
`Louis Lasagna), PharmacoEconomics, Vol. 7, No. 2, 1995, pp. 152-169.
`
`“Economic Evaluation of Drug Treatment for Psychiatric Disorders: The New Clinical
`Trial Protocol,” (with Gary Zarkin, Josephine Mauskopf, Heather A. Bannerman, and
`Richard H. Weisler), Chapter 161, in Floyd E. Bloom and David J. Kupfer, eds.,
`Psychopharmacology: The Fourth Generation of Progress, (Raven Press, Ltd.: NY),
`1995, pp. 1897-1905.
`
`“R&D Costs, Innovative Output and Firm Size in the Pharmaceutical Industry,” (with
`Joseph A. DiMasi and John Vernon), International Journal of the Economics of
`Business, Vol. 2, No. 2, 1995, pp. 201-219, (special volume honoring Merton J. Peck of
`Yale University).
`
`“Price and Profit Control, New Competitive Dynamics and the Economics of
`Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Industry,” in Adrian Towse, ed., Industrial Policy and
`the Pharmaceutical Industry, (Office of Health Economics: London), 1995, pp. 77-91.
`
`“Economic Scales and Tests,” (with Ronald W. Hansen), in B. Spilker, ed., Quality of
`Life and Pharmacoeconomics in Clinical Trials, Second Edition, (Lippincott-Raven
`Press: Philadelphia), 1996, pp. 79-84.
`
`“Returns to Pharmaceutical R&D: Prospects Under Health Care Reform,” (with John
`Vernon), in Robert Helms, ed., Competitive Strategies in the Pharmaceutical Industry,
`(AEI Press: Washington, D.C.), 1996, pp. 194-207.
`
`“Longer Patents for Increased Generic Competition: The Waxman-Hatch Act After
`One Decade,” PharmacoEconomics, Vol. 10, Suppl. 2, 1996, pp. 110-123.
`
`“The Effect of Pharmacoeconomics on Company Research and Development
`Decisions,” Pharmacoeconomics Vol. 11, No. 5, May 1997, pp. 389-397.
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`“The Impact of Cost-Effectiveness on Public and Private Policies in Health Care: An
`International Perspective,” (Edited Symposium Volume with Frank Sloan), in Social
`Science & Medicine, Vol. 45, No. 4, August 1997.
`
`“Pharmacy Benefit Management, Cost-Effectiveness Analysis and Drug Formulary
`Decisions,” (with C. Daniel Mullins), Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 45, No. 4,
`August 1997, pp. 535-544.
`
`“Public Policy and Innovation in Pharmaceuticals and Biotechnology,” in Demetri
`Kantarelis, editor, Business and Economics for the 21st Century, Volume I, Business
`and Economic Society International, Worcester, Mass., 1997, pp. 343-349.
`
`in Managed Care Decisions,”
`“The Role of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
`Pharmacoeconomics, Vol. 14, suppl. 1, 1998, pp. 15-24.
`
`“The Determinants of Pharmaceutical Research and Development Expenditures,” (with
`John Vernon), Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Vol. 10, 2000, pp. 201-215.
`
`“Effective Patent Life in Pharmaceuticals,” (with John Vernon), International Journal
`of Technology Management, Vol. 19, Nos. 1/2, 2000, pp. 98-120.
`
`“The Distribution of Sales from Pharmaceutical Innovation,” (with John Vernon)
`PharmacoEconomics, Vol. 18, suppl. 1, 2000, pp. 21-32.
`
`“Pressures from the Demand Side: Market Dynamics and Industrial Structures,” (with
`John Vernon), in Hannah Kettler, ed., Consolidation and Competition in the
`Pharmaceutical Industry, Office of Health Economics, London, 2001, pp. 62-79.
`
`“Returns on Research and Development for 1990s New Drug Introductions,” (with
`John Vernon and Joe DiMasi). PharmacoEconomics, Vol. 20, Supplement 3, 2002.
`
`“Patents, Innovation and Access to New Pharmaceuticals,” Journal of International
`Economics Law Vol. 5, No. 4, December 2002, pp 849-860.
`
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`“Patents and New Product Development in the Pharmaceuticals and Biotechnology
`Industries,” in John Duca, ed., Science and Cents: the Economics of Biotechnology,
`Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, 2003.
`
`“The Price of Innovation: New Estimates of Drug Development Costs,” (with Joseph
`DiMasi and Ronald Hansen). Journal of Health Economics, Vol. 22, 2003, pp.141-185.
`
`“The Ripple Effects of a Restrictive Medicaid Formulary” (editorial), American Journal
`of Managed Care, Vol. 9, No. 10, October 2003, pp. 648-649.
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`“Are the Economics of Pharmaceutical R&D Changing? Productivity, Patents and
`Political Pressures,” PharmcoEconomics, Vol. 22, suppl. 2, 2004, pp. 15-24.
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`“R&D Costs and Returns by Therapeutic Category” (with Joseph DiMasi and John
`Vernon), Drug Information Journal, Vol. 38, No. 3, 2004, pp. 211-223.
`
`“Increasing R&D Incentives for Neglected Diseases: Lessons from the Orphan Drug
`Act,” in Maskus KE and Reichman JH, eds., International Public Goods, and Transfer
`of Technology Under a Globalized Intellectual Property Regime, Cambridge University
`Press, 2005, pp. 457-480.
`
`“Encouraging the Development of New Vaccines,” Health Affairs, Vol. 24, No. 3,
`2005, pp. 697-704.
`
`“Extraordinary Claims Require Extraordinary Evidence,” and “Setting the Record
`Straight on Setting the Record Straight: Response to Light and Warburton’s Rejoinder,”
`(with Joseph DiMasi and Ronald Hansen) Journal of Health Economics, 2005 Vol. 24,
`No.5, pp. 1034 and 1049.
`
`“Developing Drugs for Developing Countries,” (with David Ridley and Jeffrey Moe)
`Health Affairs March/April 2006 Vol. 25 No. 2, pp 313-324.
`
` “The Quantity and Quality of Worldwide New Drug Introductions 1982 – 2003” (with
`Richard Wang), Health Affairs, March/April 2006, Vol. 25 No. 2, pp. 452-460.
`
`“Generic Competition in the U.S. Pharmaceutical Industry” (with Atanu Saha, Howard
`Birnbaum, Paul Greenberg, and Oded Bizan), International Journal of the Economics of
`Business, February 2006, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 15-38.
`
`“How Did the 2003 Prescription Drug Re-Importation Bill Pass the House?” (with
`Omar Gokcekus, Mike Adams and Edward Tower), Economics and Politics, March
`2006, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 27-46.
`
`“Spending on Post-approval Drug Safety” (with David Ridley, Judith Kramer, Hugh
`Tilson, and Kevin Schulman), Health Affairs, March/April, 2006, Vol. 25 No. 2, pp.
`429-436.
`
` “The Market for Follow-On Biologics: How Will It Evolve?” (with Iain Cockburn and
`Genia Long) Health Affairs, September/October 2006; Vol. 25, No. 5, pp. 1291-1300.
`
`“Economic Return of Clinical Trials Performed Under the Pediatric Exclusivity
`Program” (with Jennifer Li, Eric Eisenstein, Elizabeth Reid, Barry Mangum, Kevin
`Schulman, John Goldsmith, M. Dianne Murphy, Robert Califf, and Daniel Benjamin,
`Jr.) Journal of the American Medical Association, February 2007, vol. 297 (5), pp.
`480-488.
`
`“The Economics of New Oncology Drug Development” (with Joseph DiMasi), Journal
`of Clinical Oncology, 2007, Vol. 25(2), pp. 209-216.
`
`“Generic Competition and Market Exclusivity Periods in Pharmaceuticals” (with
`Margaret Kyle), Managerial and Decision Economics, 2007, Vol. 28, pp. 491-502.
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`“Entry and Competition in Generic Biologics” (with David Ridley and Kevin
`Schulman), Managerial and Decision Economics, 2007, Vol. 28, pp. 439-451.
`
`“Should the Patent System for New Medicines Be Abolished?” (with Joseph DiMasi),
`Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2007, Vol. 82 (5), pp. 488-491.
`
`“Competition Between Generic and Branded Drugs,” Pharmaceutical Innovation:
`Incentives, Competition, and Cost-Benefit Analysis in International Perspective, F. A.
`Sloan and C. R. Hsieh, eds. Cambridge University Press, 2007, pp. 153-173.
`
`“Impact of Economic, Regulatory and Patent Policies on Innovation in Cancer
`Chemoprevention,” (with Jeffrey L. Moe), Duke Department of Economics Working
`Papers, November 2007, Cancer Prevention Research Online First 2008.
`
`“The Cost of Pharmaceutical R&D: Is Biotech Different?” (with Joseph DiMai)
`Managerial and Decision Economics Vol. 28, 2007, pp. 469-479.
`
`“Do Faster FDA Drug Reviews Adversely Affect Patient Safety? An Analysis of the
`1992 Prescription Drug User Fee Act” (with Richard Wang), Journal of Law and
`Economics, May 2008, pp. 377-406.
`
`“Follow-on Biologics: Data Exclusivity and the Balance Between Innovation and
`Competition,” Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 7(6), June 2008, pp. 479-488.
`
`“Mergers and Alliances in Pharmaceuticals: Effects on innovation and R&D
`productivity,” (with Margaret Kyle), The Economics of Corporate Governance and
`Mergers, (Klaus Gugler and B. Yurtogiu, eds.) Edward Elgar Publishing,
`Northampton, MA, 2008, pp. 262-287.
`
`“Encouraging Innovative Treatment of Neglected Diseases Through Priority Review
`Vouchers,” (with David Ridley and Jeffrey Moe) in Karen Eggleston, Editor,
`Prescribing Cultures and Pharmaceutical Policy in the Asia-Pacific, The Brookings
`Institution, 2009.
`
`“Data Exclusivity for Biologics” (with Genia Long and Richard Mortimer), Nature
`Reviews Drug Discovery, Vol. 10, No. 1, January 2011, pp. 15-16.
`
`“Implementation of the Biosimilar Pathway: Economic and Policy Issues,” (with Genia
`Long and Richard Mortimer), Seton Hall Law Journal, Vol. 41, No. 2, 2011 pp. 511-
`557
`
`“The Evolution of the Pharmaceutical Industry Over the Past 50 Years: A Personal
`Reflection,” International Journal of the Economics of Business, Vol. 18, No. 2, July
`2011.
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`
`“R&D Costs and Returns,” (with Joseph DiMasi) in The Economics of the
`Biopharmaceutical Industry, edited by Patricia Danzon and Sean Nicholson, Oxford
`University Press, 2012, pp. 21-46.
`
`“Mergers, Acquisitions and Alliances,” (with Margaret Kyle) in The Economics of the
`Biopharmaceutical Industry, edited by Patricia Danzon and Sean Nicholson, Oxford
`University Press, 2012, pp. 552-577.
`
`"Does Generic Entry Always Increase Consumer Welfare?" (with T. Lewis, R. Guha,
`Z. Ivanova, M. Salgado and S. Woodhouse), The Food and Drug Law Journal, Vol. 76,
`No. 3, 2012, pp. 373-391.
`
`“Recent Trends in Brand-Name and Generic Drug Competition,” (with Genia Long and
`Richard Mortimer) Journal of Medical Economics, 2013, pp. 1-8.
`
`“Regulatory and Cost Barriers Are Likely to Limit Biosimilar Development and
`Expected Savings in the Near Future,” (with Rahul Guha and Maria Salgado) Health
`Affairs, Vol. 33, No. 6, pp. 1048-1057, 2014.
`
`“Biosimilar Competition: Lessons from Europe,” (with Rahul Guha and Maria Salgado)
`Nature Reviews: Drug Discovery, Vol. 13, 2014, pp. 99-100.
`
`“Biosimilars,” (with Genia Long and Richard Mortimer), in Anthony Culyer, editor,
`Encyclopedia of Health Economics, Vol. 1, San Diego: Elsevier, 2014, pp. 86-97.
`
`“Mergers, Alliances and Acquisitions,” (with Margaret Kyle), in Anthony Culyer,
`editor, Encyclopedia of Health Economics, Vol. 1, San Diego: Elsevier, 2014.
`
`“The Roles of Patents and Research and Development Incentives in Biopharmaceutical
`Innovation,” (with Joseph A. DiMasi and Genia Long) Health Affairs, Vol. 34, No. 2,
`2015, pp. 302-310.
`
`“Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Industry: New Estimates of R&D Costs,” (with
`Joseph A. DiMasi and Ronald W. Hansen) Journal of Health Economics, Vol. 47, 2016,
`pp. 20-33.
`
`“Updated Trends in US Brand-Name and Generic Drug Competition,” (with Genia
`Long, Richard Mortimer, and Ani Boyo) Journal of Medical Economics, Vol. 19, No.
`9, 2016, pp. 836-844.
`
`“An Economic Analysis of Global Policy Proposals to Prohibit Compensation of Blood
`Plasma Donors,” (with Richard Manning) International Journal of the Economics of
`Business, Vol. 23, No. 2, 2016, pp. 149-166.
`
`“Pharmaceutical Patent Challenges: Company Strategies and Litigation Outcomes”
`(with Carlos Brain, Anna Taub and Rahul Guha), American Journal of Health
`Economics, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2017, pp. 33-59.
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`Papers Presented at Major Professional Conferences:
`(Selected Presentations since 1990)
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`“Brand Loyalty, Entry, and Price Competition after the 1984 Act,” Applied
`Econometric Association Meetings, Ankara, Turkey, June, 1990; also, Second World
`Congress in Health Economics, Zurich, Switzerland, September 1990.
`
`“First Mover Advantages, Price and Non-Price Competition in Pharmaceuticals,”
`American Economic Association Meetings, December 1990.
`
`“International Competition in Pharmaceutical R&D,” National Science Board on
`Industrial Support for R&D, U.S. National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C.,
`January 1991.
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`“Research and Development in an Era of Global Competition,” Conference on
`American Pharmaceuticals
`in
`the Global Village, U.S. Department of State,
`Washington, D.C., June 1991.
`
`“Pharmaceutical Research and Development: Returns and Risk,” Centre for Medicines
`Research Annual Lecture 1991, Royal College of Physicians, London, England, July
`1991.
`
`“The Effect of Medicaid Formularies on the Availability of New Drugs,” Tufts
`University Conference, Cost Containment and Pharmaceuticals: Issues for Future
`Research, Talloires, France, July 1991.
`
`“Innovative Structure and Performance of the Pharmaceutical Industry,” Second
`International Conference on the Economics of Innovation, University of Milan,
`Piacenza, Italy, June 1992.
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`“Pharmaceuticals and Health Care Costs,” International Health Care Forum on Health
`Care Policy and the Pharmaceutical Industry, Gotemba, Japan, October 1992.
`
`“Innovation and Structural Change in Pharmaceuticals and Biotechnology,” American
`Economic Association Meetings, Anaheim, California, January 1993.
`
`“Pharmaceutical R&D Costs, Prices and Profits,” Conference on Pharmaceutical
`Industry Research, Innovation and Public Policy, Harvard University, John F. Kennedy
`School of Government, February 1993.
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`“Pharmaceutical R&D Returns: Prospects Under Health Care Reform,” American
`Enterprise Institute Conference on Competitive Strategies in the Pharmaceutical
`Industry, October 1993.
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`“Health Care Reform--Implications for Pharmaceutical Innovation,” Drug Information
`Association Workshop on Health Economics, Lisbon, Portugal, November 1993.
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`for Pharmaceutical
`“The Administration's Health Reform Plan--Implications
`Innovation,” testimony before Congressman Waxman's House Subcommittee on Health
`and the Environment, February 1994.
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`“Socially Optimal Reimbursement and Utilization Policies for Pharmaceuticals,”
`Hungarian National Social Insurance Administration, Budapest, Hungary, April 1994.
`
`“Pharmaceuticals and Quality of Life: An Economist's Perspective,” Forum Engelberg,
`Engelberg, Switzerland, April 1994.
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`“Price and Profit Control, New Competitive Dynamics and the Economics of
`Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Industry,” Office of Health Economics Symposium on
`Industrial Policy, London, England, June 1994.
`
`“Health Reform and Pharmaceutical Innovation,” American Enterprise Institute,
`Washington, D.C., July 1994.
`
`“R&D Costs, Innovational Output and Firm Size,” Yale University Festschrift Honoring
`Merton J. Peck, New Haven, Connecticut, September 1994.
`
`“The Effects of Increased Government Purchases on Vaccine R&D,” testimony before
`the Subcommittee on Health and the Environment on the Vaccines for Children's
`Program, June 1995.
`
`“PharmacoEconomics and Pharmaceutical Innovation,” to IFPMA Conference on
`PharmacoEconomics in the year 2000, Geneva, Switzerland, February 1995.
`
`“Development of New Pharmaceuticals,” to the Third Princeton Conference on Drug
`Discovery and Development, Princeton, New Jersey, May 1995.
`
`“Longer Patents for Increased Generic Competition: The Waxman-Hatch Act After
`One Decade,” Tufts University Conference on Cost Containment Health Care Reform
`and Pharmaceutical Innovation, Talloires, France, July 1995.
`
`“The Roles of Government in the Drug Regulation Process: Lessons from Other
`Nations,” presented to Conference on Health Financing and Health Economics, Beijing,
`China, October 1995.
`
`“The Use of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis by Pharmaceutical Benefit Management
`Companies,” to Duke University Conference on Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in
`Decision Making, November 1995.
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`“The Effects of the Waxman Hatch Act on Drug Innovation and Generic Competition,”
`Testimony before the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee, March 1996.
`
`“International Patent Policies and Pharmaceutical Innovation,” to University of Vienna,
`May 1996.
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`“Public Policies and Pharmaceutical Innovation” to Jagellion University, Krakow,
`Poland, May 1996.
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`“Financing Health Care in Pharmaceuticals and Biotechnology,” to OECD Workshop,
`Paris, July 1996.
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`“Health Care and Innovation” to Seminar on Approaches to Cost Containment in Health
`Care, Kasteel de Willenburg, The Hague, October 1996.
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`“Pharmaceutical Innovation, Cost-Effectiveness Research and Emerging Regulatory
`Issues,” American Enterprise Institute, Washington, D.C., November 1996.
`
`“The Role of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Managed Care,” Tufts University Center
`for the Study of Drug Development Conference, Talloires, France, July 1997.
`
`“Public Policy and Innovation in Pharmaceuticals and Biotechnology,” Business and
`Economics Society International Conference, Athens, Greece, July 1997.
`
`“The Determinants of Pharmaceutical Research and Development Expenditures,”
`Schumpeterian Society Meetings, Vienna, Austria, June 1998.
`
`“Effective Patent Life in Pharmaceuticals,” U.S. House of Representatives Colloquium
`for House Staff Members, June 1999.
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`“The Distribution of Sales from Pharmaceutical Innovation,” Schumpeterian Society
`Meetings, Manchester England, June, 2000.
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`“New Research on the Returns to Pharmaceutical R&D,” American Enterprise Institute,
`Washington, D.C., October 2000.
`
`in Pharmaceuticals” Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
`“Patent Policy Issues
`Colloquium on the Pharmaceutical Industry, Washington, D.C., March 2001.
`
`“Returns to Pharmaceutical R&D in the 1990s” Tufts University Conference, Center for
`the Study of Drug Development, Talloires, France, July, 2001.
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`“Patents, Innovation and Access to New Pharmaceuticals,” American Association for
`the Advancement of Science, Annual Meetings, Boston, February 2002.
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`“Patents and the Development of New Pharmaceuticals in Pharmaceuticals and
`Biotechnology Industry,” Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, April 2002.
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`“Returns to Pharmaceutical R&D,” American Economic Association Meetings,
`Washington, DC, January 2003.
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`“Increasing R&D Incentives for Neglected Diseases,” Duke University Law School
`Conference, April 2003; St. Vincent’s College, September 2003; Georgetown
`University, October 20