THE
`
`MERCK INDEX
`
`AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
`
`CHEMICALS, DRUGS, AND BIOLOGICALS
`
`TWELFTH EDITION
`
`Susan Budavari, Editor
`Maryadele J. O'Neil, Senior Associate Editor
`Ann Smith, Associate Editor
`Patricia E. Heckelman, Assistant Editor
`Joanne F. Kinneary, Assistant Editor
`
`Published by
`Merck Research Laboratories
`Division of
`
`MERCK & CO., INC.
`
`Whitehouse Station, Nd
`
`)QU46
`
`000001
`
`.
`Exhibit 1108
`Exhibit 1108
`ARGENTUM
`ARGENTUM
`IPR2017-01053
`IPR2017-01053
`
`000001
`
`

`

`MERCK & CO., INC.
`Whitehouse Station, N.J.
`U.S.A.
`
`
`
`Ist Edition—1889
`2nd Edition—1896
`3rd Edition—1907
`4th Edition—1930
`5th Edition—1940
`6th Edition—1952
`7th Edition—1960
`sth Edition—1968
`Oth Edition—1976
`10th Edition—1983
`11th Edition—1989
`
`Library of Congress Catalog
`Card Number 89-60001
`
`ISBN Number 091 1910-12-3
`
`First Printing—March 1996
`Second Printing—April 1997
`
`Copyright © 1996 by MERCK & CO., INC.
`All rights reserved. Copyright under the Universal Copyright Convention
`and the International Copyright Convention.
`Copyright reserved under the Pan-American Copyright Convention.
`
`Printed in the U.S.A.
`
`000002
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`000002
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`

`

`
`
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`
`
`lustrous metal; distorted hexagonal close-
`Bluish-white,
`packed structure; stable in dry air; becomes covered with a
`white coating of basic carbonate on, exposure to moist air.
`mp 419.5%. bp 908°.
`d% 7.14. Heat capacity at constant
`pressure (25°):
`6.07 cal/mole deg. Mohs’ hardness 2.5.
`When heated to 100-150° becomes malleable, at 210° be-
`comes brittle and pulverizable. Burns in air with a bluish-
`green flame. Loses electrons in aqueous systems to form
`Zn2* E? (aq) Zn/Zn?* 0.763 V. Slowly attacked by H,SO,
`or HCl; oxidizing agents or metal
`ions, e.g. Cu?*, Ni?*,
`Co**, accelerate the process. Reacts slowly with ammonia
`water and acetic acid; rapidly with HNO. Reacts with
`alkali hydroxides to form “zincates”, ZnO,?~, which are ac-
`tually tiydroxo complexes such as Zn(OH),~; Zn(OH),2~,
`[Zn(OH),(H,0),?-.
`Caution:
`Inhalation of fumes may result in sweet taste,
`throat dryness, cough, weakness, generalized aching,chills,
`fever, nausea, vomiting. Zine chloride fumes have caused
`injury to mucous membranes and skin irritation.
`Ingestion
`of sol salts may cause nausea, vomiting, purging.
`See E.
`Browning, Toxicity of Industrial Metals (Appleton-Century-
`Crofts, New York, 2nd ed., 1969) pp 348-355.
`usE: Galvanizing sheet iron; as ingredient of alloys such
`as bronze, brass, Babbitt metal, German silver, and special
`alloys for die-casting; as a protective coating for other met-
`als to prevent corrosion; for electrical apparatus, especially
`dry cell batteries, household utensils, castings, printing
`plates, building materials, railroad car linings, automotive
`equipment; as reducing agent in organic chemistry; for de-
`oxidizing bronze; extracting gold by the cyanide process,
`purifying fats for soaps; bleaching bone glue; manuf sodium
`hydrosulfite;
`insulin zinc salts; as reagent
`in analytical
`chemistry, e.g., in the Marsh and Gutzeit test for arsenic; as
`a reducer in the determination of iron.
`It is a nutritional
`trace element.
`
`Cc
`10256. Zinc Acetate. C,H,O,Zn; mol wt 183.48.
`26.18%, H 3.30%, O 34.88%, Zn 35.64%. Zn(C,H,O,)>.
`Prepn of anhydrsalt, from zinc nitrate and acetic anhydride:
`Spath, Monatsh. 33, 235 (1912). Clinical evaluations in Wil-
`son's disease: G. M.Hill et al., Hepatology 7, 522 (1987); G.
`J. Brewer et al, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 109, 526 (1987). Toxic-
`ity: H. F. Smyth et al, Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J, 30,470
`(1969).
`Dihydrate,. crystallizes from dil acetic acid; faint, acetous
`odor; astringent
`taste; slightly efflorescent.
`d 1.735; mp
`237°. One gram dissolves in 2.3 ml water, 1.6 ml boiling
`water, 30 ml alcohol, about
`1 ml boiling alcoho!. The aq
`soln is neutral or slightly acid to litmus; pH about 5-6.
`Keep in well-closed containers.
`Incompat. with zinc salts in
`general; Acacia, alkalies and their carbonates, oxalates,
`phosphates, sulfides, lime water, vegetable astringent decoc-
`tions and infusions. LDgg orally in rats: 2.46 g/kg (Smyth).
`USE: Preserving wood; as mordantin dyeing; manuf giaz-
`es for painting on porcelain. Asa reagent in testing for al-
`bumin, tannin, urobilin, phosphate, blood.
`THERAP CAT: Styptic, astringent. Formerly used as an
`emetic.
`THERAP CAT (VET): Antiseptic, astringent, protective (topi-
`cal), Has been used as an emetic.
`
`10257. Zinc Bacitracin, Bacitracin zinc complex; baci-
`tracin zinc salt; Baciferm. Contains about 1% Zn. Prepd by
`the action of zinc salts on bacitracin broth: Anker ef al, J.
`Bacteriol. 55, 249 (1948); Hodge, Lafferty as cited in U.S.
`pat. 2,803,584 (1957 to CSC), The potency is usually be-
`tween 50 and 60 units/mg of bacitracin activity: Gross;
`Drug Cosmet. Ind, 75, 612 (1954); Gross et al, J. Am.
`Pharm. Assoc., Sci. Ed. 45, 447 (1956).
`Creamy powder contg 1-4% H,0. Less bitter than baci-
`tracin. Soly in water at 25° = 0.23-0.457% (w/w). Solubili-
`ties determined by Weiss et al., Antibiot. & Chemother. 7,
`374 (1957) in mg/ml at about 28°: water 5.1; methanol.
`6.55; ethanol 2.0; isopropanol 0.16; ethy! acetate 1.3; chlo-
`roform 0.01; petr ether 0.025. More stable than bacitracin
`at room and elevated temps. Zinc bacitracin can be used in
`formulations requiring heat. processing.
`UsE:
`In ointments, tablets, implantation pellets, supposi-
`tories, and troches, either alone or in combination with
`
`10262
`
`Hodge, Lafferty,
`
`Zinc Chromate(VI) Hydroxide
`other antibiotics or therapeutic agents:
`loc.. cit.
`THERAP CAT: Antibacterial.
`THERAP CAT (VET): Antimicrobial.
`10258, Zinc Bromide. Br,Zn; mol wt 225.20. Br
`70.96%, Zn 29.04%. ZnBr,. Usually contains at least 977%
`ZnBr, the remainder being chiefly water.
`Very hygroscopic, granular powder; sharp, metallic taste.
`d 4.22; mp 394°; bp 697° with partial decompn. One gram
`dissolves in 0.25 ml water, 0.5 ml 90% alcohol; sol in ether,
`solns of alkali hydroxides. The.aq soln is acid to litmus; pH
`about 4. Keep tightly closed.
`USE: Making silver bromide collodion emulsions for pho-
`tography; in the shielding of viewing windows for nuclear
`reactions.
`
`10259, Zinc Caprylate. Octanoic acid zinc salt. CygHy-
`O,Zn; mol wt 351.80. C 54.63%, H 8.60%, O. 18.19%, Zn
`18.59%. Zn(CH,;0;).- Prepd from ammonium caprylate
`afid zine sulfate: van Renesse, Ann, 171, 380 (1874).
`Lustrous scales from alc, mp 136°. Sparingly sol in boil-
`ing water; moderately sol
`in boiling alcohol. Keep well
`closed. Dec in moist atm giving off caprylic acid.
`USE: As fungicide like zinc propionate.
`10260. Zinc Carbonate. CO,Zn; mol wt 125.40. C
`9.58%, O 38.28%, Zn 52.15%. ZnaCO3. Occurs in nature as
`the minerals siithsonite, zincspar.
`Prepn: Hilittig et al,
`Monatsh. 72, 31 (1939).
`Rhombohedralstructure. Solubility in water at 15° 0.001
`g/100 g; sol in dil acids, alkalies, solns of NH,*salts.
`Basic carbonate, zinc carbonate hydroxide, zinc subcar-
`bonate. Variable composition, usually characterized as 3Zn-
`(OH),.2ZnCO,. Occurs as the mineral hydrozincite. Rea-
`gent specification: 70% ZnO minimum.
`USE: As pigment; manuf of porcelains, pottery, rubber.
`THERAP CAT: Astringent, topical antiseptic.
`THERAP CAT (VET): Astringent, antiseptic, protective (topi-
`cal). Also used in rations to prevent Zn deficiency diseases.
`10261. Zinc Chloride. Butter of zinc. Cl,Zn; mol wt
`136.30. Cl 52.02%, Zn 47.98%. ZnCl, Usually contains at
`least 95% ZnCl,; remainderis chiefly water and oxychloride.
`Toxicity: Bruner, Fed. Proc. 9, 260 (1950).
`White, odorless, very deliquesc granules, or fused pieces
`or rods. d?° 2.907; mp ~290°; bp 732°, Solubility in H,O:
`432 2/100 g (25°); 614 g/100 g (100°), One gram dissolves
`in 0.25 ml of 2% HCl, in 1.3 ml alcohol, 2 miglycerol; freely
`sol in acetone. With much water some zinc oxychloride is
`formed. The aq soln is acid to litmus; pH about 4. Keep
`tightly closed. LID i.v. in rats: 60-90 mg/kg (Bruner).
`Caution: Potential symptoms of overexposure to fumes
`are conjunctivitis; irritation of nose and throat; coughing,
`copious sputum; dyspnea, chest pain, pulmonary edema and
`bronchopneumonia;, pulmonary fibrosis, cor pulmonale;
`fever; cyanosis; tachypnea; skin burns; irritation of skin and
`eyes.
`See NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
`(DHHS/ NIOSH 90-117, 1990) p 226.
`UsE: Deodorant, disinfecting and embalming material;
`alone or with phenol and other antiseptics for preserving
`railway ties; fireproofing lumber; with ammonium chloride
`as flux for soldering; etching metals; manuf parchment
`paper, artificial silk, dyes, activated carbon, cold-water
`glues, vulcanized fiber; browning steel, galvanizing iron,
`copper-plating iron; in magnesia cements; petroleum oil re-
`fining; cement for metals and for facing stone; mordant in
`printing and dyeing textiles; carbonizing woolen goods; pro-
`ducing crepe and crimping fabrics; mercerizing cotton; siz-
`ing and weighting fabrics; vulcanizing rubber; solvent. for
`cellulose; preserving anatomical specimens;
`in microscopy
`for separating silk, wool, and plant fibers; as dehydrating
`agent in chemical syntheses. Dentin desensitizer.
`THERAP CAT: Astringent.
`THERAP CAT (VET): Antiseptic, astringent. Has been used.
`in ulcers, fistulas, pododermatitis.
`10262, Zinc Chromate(VI) Hydroxide. Zinc yellow;
`buttercup yellow; C.I. Pigment Yellow 36. A basic salt of
`somewhat variable composition. Approx Zn,CrO,(OH),.
`Hydrate, yellow, odorless, fine powder.
`Slightly sol
`in
`water; sol in dil acids, including acetic acid.
`
`Consult the Name Index before using this section.
`
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`on et al,
`
`. © parts
`
`> mol wt
`105).
`
`140.
`
`NN
`
`065; mp
`The aq
`ceep well
`form of
`© Water.
`
`12.50%,
`ide, Zn-
`a stream
`(1938),
`
`N
`40.
`by treat-
`iphraim,
`rom Wa-
`
`wt, Cye-
`10.19%,
`1s small
`Grab-
`
`alcohol,
`
`474.01.
`tecurs in
`4O, and
`
`r; sol
`
`in
`
`C
`41.
`Chatter-
`
`ol
`
`in dil
`
`sopher's
`'", OZn;
`‘sas the
`ane and
`Ioee!eSss |
`tine sul-
`i, F. A,
`ie, New
`:w, U.S.
`nelting).
`echnical
`of lead.
`7.
`‘xagonal
`limes at
`cess zinc
`Practi-
`| acids,
`droxide
`
`a furnes
`3.
`fever:
`anction:
`‘k pain:
`NIOSH
`90-117.
`
`carbon-
`SyYTUP?
`
`Zinc
`
`phosphoric acid or ZnCl, in dental cements; manuf opaque
`glass and certain types of transparent glass; manuf enamels,
`automobile tires, white glue, matches, white printing inks,
`porcelains, zinc green; as a reagent in analytical chemistry;
`in electrostatic copying paper; as flame retardant: in elec-
`tronics as semiconductor.
`THERAP CAT: Astringent, protectant (topical).
`panne CAT (VET): Antiseptic, astringent, protective (topi-
`cal).
`
`10280. Zinc Perchlorate. Cl,0,27n; mol wt 264.29, Cl
`26.83%, O 48.43%, Zn 24.74%. Zn(ClO,)>.
`Hexahydrate, deliquese crystals, mp 106°. Freely sol
`water, Solin alcohol. Also forms a tetrahydrate.
`
`in
`
`10281, Zine Permanganate. Mn,0,Zn; mol wt 303.26.
`Mn 36.23%, O 42.21%, Zn 21.56%. Zn(MnO,),. The article
`of commerce is about 95% pure.
`Hexahydrate, violet-brown or almost black, deliquesc
`crystals; similar to potassium permanganate in appearance.
`Deteriorates on exposure to light and air. Sol
`in 3 parts
`water; dec by alc. Keep well closed and protected from light.
`THERAP CAT: Antiseptic; astringent.
`
`10282. Zine Peroxide. ZPO; zinc superoxide. O,Zn;
`mol wt 97.39. O 32.86%, Zn 67.14%. ZnO,. The peroxide
`of commerce contains 50-60% ZnO,, the remainder is ZnO.
`White to yellowish-white, odorless powder. Dec above
`150°.
`Insol in, but gradually dec by. water. Sol in dil acids,
`liberating hydrogen peroxide.
`UsE: Accelerator in rubber compounding: curing agent
`for synthetic elastomers, Deodorant for wounds and skin
`diseases.
`THERAP CAT: Antiseptic (topical), astringent.
`
`p-Hydroxybenzenesul-
`10283, Zinc p-Phenolsulfonate.
`fonic acid zine salt;
`|-phenol-4-sulfonic acid zine salt; zine
`p-hydroxybenzenesulfonate; zinc sulfocarbolate; zinc sulfo-
`phenate; Phenozin. C,,;H,jO,48,Zn; mol wt 411.73. C
`35.01%, H 2.45%, O 31.09%, § 15.58%, Zn 15.88%. Zn(HO-
`C,H,SO,);.
`It is at least 99.5%pure. Prepn: Rojahn, Deut.
`Apoth.-Ztg. 50, 1095 (1935), CA. 31, 6816% (1937).
`Octahydrate, crystals or cryst powder; odorless. Efflores-
`ces in dryair; loses all its H,O at about 120°. One gram
`dissolves in 1.6 ml water, 0.4 ml boiling water, 1.8 ml
`alcohol. The aq soln is acid to litmus; pH about 4.
`USE:
`In insecticide formulations.
`THERAP CAT: Astringent.
`THERAP CAT (VET): Has been used as an intestinal anti-
`septic, and externally to promote healing of ulcers, slowly
`granulating wounds.
`
`10284. Zine Phosphate. O,P,Zn,; mol wt 386.11. O
`33.15%, P 16.04%, Zn 50.81%. Zn,(PO,),. The tetrahydrate
`occurs in nature as the mineral Aopeite; the article of com-
`merce is about 98% pure.
`Insol in water or
`Tetrahydrate, white, odorless powder.
`alcohol. Sol in dil mineral acids, acetic acid, ammonia, and
`in alkali hydroxide solns.
`usE:
`In dental cements.
`
`P
`P,Zn,; mol wt 258.12.
`10285. Zinc Phosphide.
`24.00%, Zn 76.00%. Zn3,P; Usually prepd from the ele-
`ments.
`lustrous or dull powder;
`Dark gray tetragonal crystals,
`faint phosphorus odor. d 4.55. When strongly heated with
`the exclusion of air it melts and finally sublimes. The mp
`has been given as 420° and the bp as 1100°. When kept dry
`it
`is quite stable.
`Insol in water, alcohol. Sol
`in benzene,
`carbon disulfide; reacts with HCl, H,SO, with evolution of
`spontaneously flammable phosphine. Reacts violently with
`coned H,S50,, HNO, and other oxidizing agents. Keep dry.
`LD,, orally in rats: 40.5-46.7 mg/kg, Handbook of Toxicol-
`ogy, vol. 1, W. S. Spector, Ed.
`(Saunders, Philadelphia,
`1956) pp 316-317.
`use:
`In rat and field mice poison preparations.
`
`10286. Zinc Propionate. C,H,,O,Zn; mol wt 211.53. C
`44.07%, H 4.76%, O 30.25%, Zn 30.91%. Zn(C,H,O,),.
`Prepd by dissolving zine oxide in dil propionic acid and
`concentrating the soln: Gaze, Arch. Pharm. 229, 488 (1891).
`
`10293
`
`tablets; crystallizes also in needles as
`Clusters of plates,
`the monohydrate. The soly of the anhydr salt is 32% (w/w)
`in water at 15°; 2.8%in ale at 15%; 17.2%in boiling ale. Keep
`well closed. Dec in moist atm, giving off propionic acid.
`UsE: As fungicide on adhesive tape to reduce plaster irri-
`tation caused by molds, fungi, and bacterial action.
`THERAP CAT: Antifungal (topical).
`
`10287. Zinc Pyrophosphate. Diphosphoric acid, zine
`salt (1:2). OP;2n3; mol wt 304.72. O 36.75%, P 20.33%,
`Zn 42.92%. Zn,P30>.
`White, crystalline powder. d* 3.75.
`Soluble in dilute mineral acids.
`
`Insoluble in water.
`
` Sulfate
`
`10288. Zine Salicylate. 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid zine salt.
`CyHgOgZn; mol wt 339.62. C 49.51%, H 2.97%, O 28.27%,
`én 19.25%. Zn[C,H,(OH)COO],.
`Prepd from sodium
`salicylate and zine sulfate: Clark, Kao, J. Am. Chem. Soc.
`70, 2151 (1948).
`Sol
`Trihydrate, needles or cryst powder.
`The aq soln is practically neutral to litmus.
`THERAP CAT: Antiseptic; astringent.
`
`in water, alc.
`
`10289, Zine Selenate. O,SeZn; mol wt 208.35. O
`30.72%, Se 37.90%, Zn 31.39%.
`ZnSeOQ,. Heptahydrate
`prepd by the action of selenic acid on zine carbonate:
`Banks, J. Chem. Soc. 1934, 1010.
`Pentahydrate, triclinic crystals, Dec above 50°. d?! 2.591.
`Sol
`in water.
`Hexahydrate, tetragonal crystals. d 2.325.
`
`10290. Zine Selenide, SeZn; mol wt 144.35. Se 54.70%,
`Zn 45.30%. ZnSe. Prepd by mixing a soln of a zine salt and
`potassium selenide: Berzelius, cited in Mellor's Comprehen-
`sive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry 10, 776
`(1930); by passing selenium vapor over zinc heated fn vacuo:
`Moser, Doctor, Z. Anorg. Chem. 118, 284 (1921); by passing
`H,Se into a methanol soln of zinc acetate: Nitsche, U.S.
`pat. 2,805,917 (1957 to du Pont);
`from ZnSe.N,H,
`(zinc
`selenide hydrazinate): Conn ef al, U.S. pat. 3,014,779
`(1961 to Merck & Co.).
`Yellow, cubic crystals. di} 5.42. mp > 1100". Deein air,
`Insol in water. Dec in dil nitric acid.
`usE: Commercial phosphor.
`
`10291, Zine Silicate. Zine orthosilicate. O,SiZn,; mol
`
`wt 222.86. O 28.72%, Si 12.60%, Zn 58.68%.
`Zn,SiO,.
`Occurs in nature as the mineral willemite. Prepd by heating
`the proper amounts of ZnO and SiO, at about 1200",
`White powder, insol in water ordil acids.
`usE:
`In television screens.
`
`10292. Zine Stearate, Octadecanvic acid zine salt. C,-
`H,,QO,Zn; mol wt 632.34. C 68.38%, H 11.16%, O 10.12%,
`Zn 10.34%. Zn(C,,H,.O,),. Usually occurs as a mixture of
`the zine salts of stearic and palmitic acids, and usually with
`some excess of zinc oxide. Contains 13.5-15% ZnO. Prepd
`from stearic acid and zine chloride: Vold, Hattiangdi,
`[vied
`Eng. Chem, 41, 2311 (1949).
`Fine, soft, bulky powder; slight characteristic odor; neu-
`tral reaction. Repels water. mp about 120°.
`[nsol in water,
`alcohol, ether. Sol in benzene; dec bydil acids.
`UsE:
`In tablet manuf;
`in cosmetic and pharmaceutical
`powders and ointments; as a flatting and sanding agent
`in
`lacquers; as a drying lubricant and dusting agent for rubber:
`as a plastic mold releasing agent; as a waterproofing agent
`for concrete, rock wool, paper, textiles.
`THERAP CAT (VET: Antiseptic, astringent, protective (topi-
`cal).
`
`10293. Zine Sulfate. White vitriol; zinc vitriol; Keratol:
`Optraex; Solvezink: Solvazine; Zincaps; Zineate; Zincomed:
`Z Span. O,8Zn; mol wt 161.45. O 39.64%, S 19.86%, Zn
`40.50%. ZnSO, Prepn and physical properties: Gmelin's,
`Zink (8th ed.) 32, 936-960 (1956). Effects of oral zinc sul-
`fate in acne treatment: G. Michaelsson ef al, Arch. Der-
`matol. 113, 31 (1977). Clinical evaluations in Wilson's Dis-
`ease: T. U. Hoogenraad, C. J, A. Van den Hamer, Acta
`Neurol. Scand. 67, 356 (1983); T. U. Hoogenraad ef al, J.
`Neurolog, Sei. 77, 137 (1987).
`
`Consult the Name Index before using this section.
`
`Page 1735
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