HcGuw-Hm
`DlCIWURY Bf
`SGHimFIG MD
`Teomiul
`Tbms
`Rtlk HDn
`
`Sybil P. Parker
`Editor in Chief
`
`McGraw-Hill, Inc.
`San Francisco Washington, D.C.
`New York
`Milan
`Lisbon
`London Madrid Mexico City
`Caracas
`Bogota
`New Delhi
`San Juan
`.Singapore
`Sydney
`Tokyo
`Toronto
`
`Auckland
`Montreal
`
`Cosmo Ex 2015-p. 1
`Mylan v Cosmo
`IPR2017-01035
`
`

`

`On the cover: Photomicrograph of crystals of vitamin Bv
`(Dennis Kunkel, University of Hawaii)
`
`Included in this Dictionary are definitions which have been published previously in the following works: P. B.
`Jordain, Condensed Computer Encyclopedia, Copyright © 1969 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All rights reserved. J.
`Markus, Electronics and Nucleonics Dictionary, 4th ed., Copyright © 1960, 1966, 1978 by McGraw-Hill, Inc.
`All rights reserved. J. Quick, Artists' and Illustrators' Encyclopedia, Copyright © 1969 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All
`rights reserved. Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 3d ed., Copyright © 1956,1972 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All
`rights reserved. T. Baumeister and L. S. Marks, eds., Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 7th ed.,
`Copyright © 1958, 1967 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All rights reserved.
`
`In addition, material has been drawn from the following references: R. E. Huschke, Glossary of Meteorology,
`American Meteorological Society, 1959; U.S. Air Force Glossary of Standardized Terms, AF Manual 11-1, vol.
`1, 1972; Communications-Electronics Terminology, AF Manual 11-1, vol. 3, 1970; W. H. Allen, ed., Dictionary
`of Technical Terms for Aerospace Use, 1st ed., National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1965; J. M.
`Gilliland, Solar-Terrestrial Physics: A Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations, Royal Aircraft Establishment Tech­
`nical Report 67158,1967; Glossary of Air Traffic Control Terms, Federal Aviation Agency; A Glossary of Range
`Terminology, White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, National Bureau of Standards, AD 467-424; A DOD
`Glossary of Mapping, Charting and Geodetic Terms, 1st ed., Department of Defense, 1967; P. W. Thrush, comp.
`and ed., A Dictionary of Mining, Mineral, and RelatedTerms, Bureau of Mines, 1968; Nuclear Terms: A Glossary,
`2d ed., Atomic Energy Commission; F. Casey, ed., Compilation of Terms in Information Sciences Technology,
`Federal Council for Science and Technology, 1970; Glossary ofStinfo Terminology, Office of Aerospace Research,
`U.S. Air Force, 1963; Naval Dictionary of Electronic, Technical, and Imperative Terms, Bureau of Naval Person­
`nel, 1962; ADP Glossary, Department of the Navy, NAVSO P-3097.
`
`McGRAW-HILL DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TERMS,
`Fifth Edition
`Copyright © 1994,1989,1984,1978,1976,1974 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United
`States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication
`may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without
`the prior written permission of the publisher.
`
`4 5 6 7 8 9 0
`
`DOW/DOW
`
`9 9 8
`
`ISBN 0-07-042333-4
`
`Library of Congress Cataioging-in-Publication Data
`
`McGraw-Hill dictionary of scientific and technical terms /
`Sybil P. Parker, editor in chief..—5th ed.
`p.
`cm.
`ISBN 0-07-042333-4
`1. Science—Dictionaries. 2. Technology—Dictionaries.
`I. Parker, Sybil P.
`Q123.M34 1993
`503—dc20
`
`93-34772
`CIP
`
`INTERNATIONAL EDITION
`
`Copyright © 1994. Exclusive rights by McGraw-Hill, Inc. for manufacture and export. This book cannot be re­
`exported from the country to which it is consigned by McGraw-Hill. The International Edition is not available in
`North America.
`
`When ordering this title, use ISBN 0-07-113584-7.
`
`Cosmo Ex 2015-p. 2
`Mylan v Cosmo
`IPR2017-01035
`
`

`

`948
`
`homoduplex
`
`[MOL BIO] A deoxyribonucleic acid duplex in
`homoduplex
`which the nitrogenous bases of the two strands are precisely
`complementary. { ,ho-mo'dii,pleks )
`homodynamic
`[INV ZOO] Developing through continuous
`successive generations without a diapause; applied to insects.
`{ .ha-mo.dl'nam-ik )
`homodyne reception [ELECTR] A system of radio reception
`for suppressed-carrier systems of radiotelephony, in which the
`receiver generates a voltage having the original carrier fre­
`quency and combines it with the incoming signal. Also known
`as zero-beat reception. { 'ha-mo,dIn ri'sep-shan )
`homoecious [BIOL] Having one host for all stages of the life
`cycle.
`( ho'me-shos )
`homoeomerous
`[BOT] Having algae distributed uniformly
`throughout the thallus of a lichen. { |ho-me|am-3T3S }
`Homo erectus [PALEON] A type of fossil human from the
`Pleistocene of Java and China representing a specialized side
`branch in human evolution. { 'ho-mo o'rek-tss }
`homoerotism [PSYCH] Sexual desire directed toward a mem­
`ber of the same sex; usually sublimated and not expressed.
`{ Iho-mo'ero.tiz-om }
`[MICROBIO] Bacteria that
`homofermentative lactobacilli
`produce a single end product, lactic acid, from fermentation of
`carbohydrates.
`( |ho-mo-f9r'men-t9-tiv |lak-tb-bs|sil-e ]
`homogametic sex [GEN] The sex of a species in which the
`paired sex chromosomes are of equal size and which therefore
`produces homogametes. { |ha-mo-g9|med-ik 'seks )
`homogamety [GEN] The production of homogametes by one
`sex of a species. { ]ha-mo'ga-m9d-e }
`homogamous
`[BIOL] Of or pertaining to homogamy.
`{ ho'mag-s-mss }
`homogamy [BIOL] Inbreeding due to isolation, [BOT] Con­
`dition of having all flowers alike. { ho'mag-a-me }
`homogenate [BIOL] A tissue that has been finely divided and
`mixed.
`( ha'maj-o-not)
`homogeneity [PHYS] Quality of a substance whose properties
`are independent of position,
`[STAT] Equality of the distribu­
`tion functions of several populations. { .ho-ma-ja'ne-od-e )
`homogeneous [CHEM] Pertaining to a substance having uni­
`form composition or structure, [MATH] Pertaining to a group
`of mathematical symbols of uniform dimensions or degree,
`[sci TECH] Uniform in structure or composition. { ,ha-mo'je-
`ne-9s )
`homogeneous atmosphere [METEOROL] A hypothetical at­
`mosphere in which the density is constant with height.
`{ ,ha-
`mo'je-ne-as 'at-ma.sfir ]
`homogeneous catalysis [CHEM] Catalysis occurring within
`a single phase, usually a gas or liquid.
`( .ha-mo'je-ne-gskg'tal-
`3-S9S )
`[CHEM] Chemical reac­
`homogeneous chemical reaction
`tion system in which all constitutents (reactants and catalyst)
`are of the same phase. { .ha-mo'je-ne-as |kem-i-kgl re'ak-shgn )
`homogeneous coordinates [MATH] To a point in the plane
`with cartesian coordinates (x,y) there corresponds the homoge­
`neous coordinates (x, ,x2,x3), where xjx3 = x, x2/x3 = y; any
`polynomial equation in cartesian coordinates becomes homo­
`geneous if a change into these coordinates is made. { ,hams' je-
`ne-as kb'ord-sn-sts )
`homogeneous differential equation [MATH] A differential
`equation where every scalar multiple of a solution is also a
`solution. { .ha-ma'je-ne-as .dif-s'ren-chgl i,kwa-zh9n )
`homogeneous equation
`[MATH] An equation that can be
`rewritten into the form having zero on one side of the equal sign
`and a homogeneous function of all the variables on the other
`side. { .ha-mo'je-ne-os i'kwa-zhsn }
`homogeneous function
`[MATH] A real function f(xlrx2,
`is homogeneous of degree r if f(ax1,ax2,...,ax„) =
`af(xl ,x2,... ,x„) for every real number a. {,ha-m9'je-ne-9s 'fsrjk-
`shsn )
`homogeneous integral equation [MATH] An integral equa­
`tion where every scalar multiple of a solution is also a solution.
`( ,ha-m9'je-ne-9s 'integral i.kwa-zhsn )
`homogeneous line-broadening
`[OPTICS] An increase be­
`yond the natural linewidth of an absoiption or emission line
`which results from a disturbance (such as collisions or lattice
`vibrations) that is the same for all the source emitters. { |ho-
`m9|je-ne-9s 'ltri ,br6d-9n-ir) )
`In human chro­
`[CYTOL]
`homogeneously staining region
`mosomes, an extended chromosomal segment that has a banding
`
`homological algebra
`
`pattern and represents a site of gene amplification; found mostly
`in cancer cells.
`( ,ho-mo|jen-e-9S-le [stan-iq .re-jan }
`homogeneous network [COMPUT SCI] A computer network
`consisting of fairly similar computers from a single manufac­
`turer.
`( |ho-m9]je-ne-9S 'net,work }
`[MATH] A polynomial all of
`homogeneous polynomial
`whose terms have the same total degree; equivalently it is a
`homogenous function of the variables involved.
`( .ha-mo'je-
`ne-9S ,pal-9'n6-me-9l)
`[PHYS] Radiation having an ex­
`homogeneous radiation
`tremely narrow band of frequencies, or a beam of monoenergetic
`particles of a single type, so that all components of the radiation
`( ,ha-m9'je-ne-9S .rad-e'a-shan )
`arealike.
`homogeneous reactor [NUCLEO] A nuclear reactor in which
`fissionable material and moderator (if used) are intimately mixed
`to form an effectively homogeneous medium for neutrons.
`( ,ha-m9'je-ne-9S re'ak-tar }
`homogeneous space [MATH] A topological space having a
`group of transformations acting upon it, that is, a transformation
`group, where for any two points x and y some transformation
`from the group will send x to y.
`( .ha-ma'je-ne-as 'spas )
`[MECH] A strain in which the compo­
`homogeneous strain
`nents of the displacement of any point in the body are linear
`functions of the original coordinates.
`( |ho-m9,je-ne-9S 'stran }
`homogeneous transformation See linear transformation.
`{ ,ha-m9'je-ne-9s .tranz-fgr'ma-shan }
`homogenize [MET] TO hold metal at a high temperature long
`enough to eliminate by diffusion any chemical segregation of
`the components. { ha'maj-a.nlz }
`homogenizer
`[MECH ENG] A machine that blends or emul­
`sifies a substance by forcing it through fine openings against a
`hard surface.
`( ha'maj-o.nTz-ar }
`homogentisase
`[BIOCHEM] The enzyme that catalyzes the
`conversion of homogentisic acid to fumaryl acetoacetic acid.
`( !ha-m9|jen-t9,sas )
`[BIOCHEM] C8H804 An intermediate
`homogentisic acid
`product in the metabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine; found
`in excess in persons with phenylketonuria and alkaptonuria.
`{ |ha-m9 jen|tiz-ik 'as-od )
`homogony
`[BOT] Condition of having one type of flower,
`with stamens and pistil of uniform length. { ho'mag-a-ne }
`[IMMUNOL] An immunologic process
`homograft rejection
`by which an individual destroys and casts off a tissue trans­
`planted from a donor of the same species. ( 'ha-mg.graftri'jek-
`shon )
`homographic transformations See Mobius transformations.
`{ ]ha-m9|graf-ik ,tranz-f9r'ma-sh9nz )
`homoiochlamydeous
`[BOT] Having perianth leaves alike,
`not differentiated into sepals and petals.
`( ho\mdi-o-klg'mid-e-
`9S )
`[EMBRYO] Of a determined part of an em­
`homoiogenetic
`bryo, capable of inducing formation of a similar part when
`grafted into an undetermined field.
`( holmoi-o-jo'ned-ik ]
`homoiothermal
`[PHYSIO] Referring to an organism which
`maintains a constant internal temperature which is often higher
`than that of the environment; common among birds and mam­
`mals. Also known as warm-blooded. { ho|moi-o]th9r-m9l)
`Homoistela
`[PALEON] A class of extinct echinoderms in the
`subphylum Homalozoa. { ho'moi-sta-la )
`homokaryon
`[MYCOL] A bi- or multinucleate cell having
`nuclei all of the same kind. { .ha-ma'kar-e.an )
`homokaryosis
`[MYCOL] The condition of a bi- or multinu­
`cleate cell having nuclei all of the same kind. { .ha-ma.kar-e'o-
`S9S )
`homokaryotype [GEN] A karyotype that is homozygous for
`a chromosome mutation. { .ho-ma'kare-a.Hp }
`homolateral
`[MED] Situated on the same side. Also known
`as ipsilateral. { .ha-mo'lad-a-ral )
`homolecithal
`[CYTOL] Referring to eggs having small
`amounts of evenly distributed yolk. Also known as isolecithal.
`( ,ha-m9'les-9-th9l}
`homologation
`[ORG CHEM] A type of hydroformylation in
`which carbon monoxide reacts with certain saturated alcohols
`to yield either aldehydes or alcohols (or a mixture of both)
`containing one more carbon atom than the parent.
`{ ho.mal-
`a'ga-shon )
`[MATH] The study of the structure of
`homological algebra
`modules, particularly by means of exact sequences; it has ap-
`
`Cosmo Ex 2015-p. 3
`Mylan v Cosmo
`IPR2017-01035
`
`

`

`macroinstruction
`
`macrosporangium
`
`1189
`
`[HISTOL] A large lymphocyte.
`
`{ ,mak-
`
`siderable variation of the environment, containing a variety of
`ecological niches, and supporting a large number and variety of
`complex flora and fauna. { |mak-ro'hab-sttat)
`macroinstruction
`[COMPUT SCI] An instruction in a higher-
`level language which is equivalent to a specific set of one or
`more ordinary instructions in the same language. Also known
`as macro. { \mak-ro-iri strek-shon )
`macrolanguage [COMPUT SCI] A computer language that ma­
`nipulates stored strings in which particular sites of the string are
`marked so that other strings can be inserted in these sites when
`the stored string is brought forth. { 'mak-ro.larj-gwij }
`macro lens [OPTICS] A camera lens designed to focus at very
`short distances and to form an image as large as the subject.
`{ 'ma-kro ,lenz )
`Macroiepidoptera [INV ZOO] A former division of Lepidop-
`tera that included the larger moths and butterflies.
`(
`|mak-
`rd.lep-s'dap-tra ]
`macrolibrary
`[COMPUT SCI] A collection of prewritten spe­
`cialized but unparticularized routines (or sets of statements)
`which reside in mass storage. { 'mak-ro.ll.brer-e }
`macrolide
`[ORG CHEM] A large ring molecule with many
`functional groups bonded to it.
`( 'mak-r3,lld )
`macrolide antibiotic
`[MICROBIO] A basic antibiotic charac­
`terized by a macrocyclic ring structure.
`[ 'mak-rs.lld ,ant-
`i,bl'ad-ik }
`macrolymphocyte
`ro'lim-fe.slt}
`macromastia [MED] The condition of having abnormally en­
`larged breasts.
`( .mak-ro'mas-te-s )
`macromechanics See composite macromechanics.
`ms'kan-iks )
`macromelia [MED] The condition of having abnormally large
`arms or legs. { |mak-ro'mel-y3 )
`macromere [EMBRYO] Any of the large blastomeres compos­
`ing the vegetative hemisphere of telolecithal morulas and blas-
`( 'mak-ro.mir )
`tulas.
`macrometeorology
`[METEOROL] The study of the largest-
`scale aspects of the atmosphere, such as the general circulation,
`and weather types. { Imak-ro.med-e-a'ral-s-je )
`macrometer
`[OPTICS] Instrument that has two mirrors and a
`focusing telescope with which the ranges of distant objects can
`be found. { ma'kram-sd-ar )
`macromolecular [ORG CHEM] Composed of or characterized
`by large molecules.
`( jmak-ro-ms'lek-ys-lar }
`macromolecule [ORG CHEM] A large molecule in which there
`is a large number of one or several relatively simple structural
`units, each consisting of several atoms bonded together.
`( |mak-rb'mal-3,kyul)
`Macromonas [MICROBIO] A genus of gram-negative, chemo-
`lithotrophic bacteria; large, motile, cylindrical to bean-shaped
`cells containing sulfur granules and calcium carbonate inclu­
`sions.
`( Imak-rs'mo-nss }
`macromutation
`[GEN] Any genetic change that leads to a
`pronounced phenotypic alteration.
`( ,mak-ra-my ii1 ta-shon )
`macronormocyte See macrocyte. { .mak-ra'nor-ms.slt}
`macronucleus [INV ZOO] A large, densely staining nucleus
`of most ciliated protozoans, believed to influence nutritional
`activities of the cell. { |mak-ro'nu-kle-3s )
`macronutrient
`[BIOCHEM] An element, such as potassium
`and nitrogen, essential in large quantities for plant growth.
`[ |mak-ro'nu-tre-3nt)
`macroparameter
`[COMPUT SCI] The character in a macro
`operand which will complete an open subroutine created by the
`macroinstruction.
`( .mak-ro-po'ram-od-or )
`macrophage
`[HISTOL] A large phagocyte of the reticuloen­
`dothelial system. Also known as a histiocyte. { 'mak-re.faj }
`macrophagy
`[BIOL] Feeding on large particulate matter.
`('mak-ro.fa-je)
`[GRAPHICS] The photography of a sub­
`macrophotography
`ject so that the final image is either unmagnified or magnified
`to no more than 10 times the object.
`( Imak-rb-fo'tag-ro-fe )
`macrophreate
`[INV ZOO] A comatulid with a large, deep
`cavity in the calyx.
`( |mak-ro'fre,at)
`macrophyllous [BOT] Having large or long leaves.
`ro'fil-as )
`[ECOL] A macroscopic plant, especially one in
`macrophyte
`an aquatic habitat. ('mak-rs.flt)
`macropinacoid See front pinacoid. { Imak-ro'puro.koid )
`macropinocytosis [CYTOL] A mechanism of endocytosis in
`
`( |mak-ro-
`
`( |mak-
`
`which large droplets of fluid are trapped underneath extensions
`(ruffles) of the cell surface.
`( .mak-ro.pin-s.sl'to-sss )
`Macropodidae [VERT ZOO] The kangaroos, a family of Aus­
`tralian herbivorous mammals in the order Marsupialia.
`( ,mak-
`ra'pHd-s.de }
`macropodous [BOT] 1. Having a large or long hypocotyl. 2.
`Having a long stem or stalk.
`( mak'krap-3-dos )
`macropore [CHEM] A pore in a catalytic material whose width
`is greater than 0.05 micrometer,
`[GEOL] A pore in soil of a
`large enough size so that water is not held in it by capillary
`attraction. { 'mak-ra.por )
`macroporous resin [ORG CHEM] A member of a class of very
`small, highly cross-linked polymer particles penetrated by chan­
`nels through which solutions can flow; used as ion exchanger.
`Also known as macroreticular resin. { [mak-ralporas 'rez-sn )
`macroprocessor
`[COMPUT SCI] A piece of software which
`replaces each macroinstruction in a computer program by the
`set of ordinary instructions which it stands for. Also known as
`macrogenerator.
`( [mak-ra'pras.es-sr )
`macroprogramming
`[COMPUT SCI] The process of writing
`machine procedure statements in terms of macroinstructions.
`( ]mak-ro 'pro,gram-iq )
`macroprosopus
`[MED] An individual with an abnormally
`large face.
`( [mak-ro-pre'so-pss }
`macropsia
`[MED] A disturbance of vision in which objects
`seem larger than they are. Also known as megalopia.
`( ma'krap-se-3 )
`macropterous [zoo] Having large or long wings or fins.
`{ ma'krap-ts-ras )
`macroreticular resin See macroporous resin. { Imak-ro-rs'tik-
`ys-lsr 'rez-an }
`macrorheology [MECH] A branch of rheology in which ma­
`terials are treated as homogeneous or quasi-homogeneous, and
`( lmak-ro-re'al-3-je )
`processes are treated as isothermal.
`Macroscelidea
`[VERT ZOO] A monofamilial order of mam­
`mals containing the elephant shrews and their allies.
`( ,mak-
`ro-sa'lid-e-3 }
`[VERT ZOO] The single, African family of
`Macroscelididae
`the mammalian order Macroscelidea.
`( ,mak-r6-S3'Iid-3,de )
`macroscopic [sci TECH] Large enough to be observed by the
`naked eye. { )mak-ra|skap'ik )
`macroscopic anisotropy
`[ENG] Phenomenon in electrical
`downhole logging wherein electric current flows more easily
`along sedimentary strata beds than perpendicular to them.
`{ |mak4ra|skap-ik ,an-3'sa-tr3,pe }
`macroscopic cross section [PHYS] The sum of the cross
`sections of an atom in a substance.
`( |ma-kr3,'skap-ik 'kros ,sek-
`shan )
`macroscopic property [NUCLEO] A nuclear reactor property
`that can be treated independently of other factors,
`[THERMO]
`See thermodynamic property. { |mak-r3|skap-ik 'prap-ard-e )
`macroscopic state [STAT MECH] Any state of a system as
`described by actual or hypothetical observations of its macro­
`scopic statistical properties. Also known as macrostate.
`( |mak-ra|skap-ik 'stat)
`macroscopic stress [MET] Residual stress in a metal in a
`distance comparable to the gage length of strain measurement
`specimens and therefore detectable by x-ray or dissection tech­
`niques. Also known as macrostress. ('.mak-rs'.skap-ik'stres}
`macroscopic theory [PHYS] A theory concerning only phe­
`nomena observable with the naked eye or with an ordinary light
`microscope, and not with the behavior of atoms, molecules, or
`their constituents which may underlie these phenomena.
`( Jmak-rs|skap-ik 'the-s-re }
`macroscopy [sci TECH] The study or observation of objects
`visible to the unaided eye. { ma'kras-ks-pe )
`macroseptum [INV zoo] A primary septum in certain antho-
`zoans. [ Imak-ro'sep-tsm )
`macroskeleton [COMPUT sci] A definition of a macroinstruc­
`tion in a precise but content-free way, which can be particular­
`ized by a processor as directed by macroinstruction parameters.
`Also known as model. { |mak-ro'skel-s-tan )
`macrosonics
`[ACOUS] The technology of sound at signal
`amplitudes so large that linear approximations are not valid, as
`in the use of ultrasonics for cleaning or drilling. { |mak-ro|san-
`iks )
`macrosporangium [BOT] A spore case in which macrospores
`are produced. Also known as megasporangium.
`{ [mak-ra-
`spa'ran-je-am }
`
`Cosmo Ex 2015-p. 4
`Mylan v Cosmo
`IPR2017-01035
`
`