U.S. Department
`Of Homeland Security
`
`IPR2017-00946
`Garmin EX2005 Page 1
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`

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`DATE OF
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`IPR2017-00946
`Garmin EX2005 Page 2
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`

`

`
`INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... iv
`LEGAL CITATIONS ..................................................................................... vi
`CONVERSION TABLE................................................................................ vii
`NAVIGATION RULES ................................................................................... 1
`
`PART A—GENERAL................................................................................ 2
`RULE 1 Application........................................................................... 2
`RULE 2 Responsibility...................................................................... 6
`RULE 3 General Definitions.............................................................. 6
`PART B—STEERING AND SAILING RULES........................................ 12
`Section I—Conduct of Vessels in Any Condition of Visibility ................. 12
`RULE 4 Application......................................................................... 12
`RULE 5 Look-out ............................................................................ 12
`RULE 6 Safe Speed ....................................................................... 14
`RULE 7 Risk of Collision................................................................. 16
`RULE 8 Action to Avoid Collision ................................................... 18
`RULE 9 Narrow Channels .............................................................. 20
`RULE 10 Traffic Separation Schemes............................................ 22
`Section II—Conduct of Vessels in Sight of One Another ....................... 26
`RULE 11 Application....................................................................... 26
`RULE 12 Sailing Vessels................................................................ 26
`RULE 13 Overtaking....................................................................... 28
`RULE 14 Head-on Situation ........................................................... 30
`RULE 15 Crossing Situation........................................................... 30
`RULE 16 Action by Give-way Vessel ............................................. 32
`RULE 17 Action by Stand-on Vessel.............................................. 32
`RULE 18 Responsibilities Between Vessels .................................. 34
`Section III—Conduct of Vessels in Restricted Visibility......................... 36
`RULE 19 Conduct of Vessels in Restricted Visibility...................... 36
`PART C—LIGHTS AND SHAPES ......................................................... 38
`RULE 20 Application....................................................................... 38
`RULE 21 Definitions ....................................................................... 40
`RULE 22 Visibility of Lights............................................................. 42
`RULE 23 Power-driven Vessels Underway.................................... 44
`RULE 24 Towing and Pushing ....................................................... 52
`RULE 25 Sailing Vessels Underway and Vessels
`Under Oars ........................................................................ 72
`RULE 26 Fishing Vessels............................................................... 80
`RULE 27 Vessels Not Under Command or
`Restricted in Their Ability to Maneuver.............................. 88
`
`
`
`
`
`CONTENTS
`
`
`
`ii
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`

`

`RULE 28 Vessels Constrained by Their Draft .............................. 102
`RULE 29 Pilot Vessels.................................................................. 104
`RULE 30 Anchored Vessels and Vessels Aground...................... 106
`RULE 31 Seaplanes ..................................................................... 112
`PART D—SOUND AND LIGHT SIGNALS........................................... 114
`RULE 32 Definitions ..................................................................... 114
`RULE 33 Equipment for Sound Signals ....................................... 114
`RULE 34 Maneuvering and Warning Signals............................... 116
`RULE 35 Sound Signals in Restricted Visibility............................ 120
`RULE 36 Signals to Attract Attention............................................ 124
`RULE 37 Distress Signals ............................................................ 126
`PART E—EXEMPTIONS ..................................................................... 128
`RULE 38 Exemptions ................................................................... 128
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ANNEX I - Positioning and Technical Details of Lights
`and Shapes ............................................................................. 132
`ANNEX II - Additional Signals for Fishing Vessels
`Fishing in Close Proximity ....................................................... 150
`ANNEX III - Technical Details of Sound Signal
`Appliances ............................................................................... 152
`ANNEX IV - Distress Signals................................................................ 162
`ANNEX V (33 CFR 88) - Pilot Rules .................................................... 167
`INTERPRETATIVE RULES....................................................................... 174
`COLREGS DEMARCATION LINES ......................................................... 176
`PENALTY PROVISIONS........................................................................... 199
`Violations of International Navigation Rules and
`Regulations.............................................................................. 199
`Violations of Inland Navigation Rules and Regulations........................ 199
`Penalties for Negligent Operations....................................................... 200
`Duties Related to Marine Casualty Assistance and
`Information............................................................................... 200
`Duty to Provide Assistance at Sea ....................................................... 200
`Injunctions............................................................................................. 200
`ALTERNATIVE COMPLIANCE ................................................................ 204
`WATERS SPECIFIED BY THE SECRETARY.......................................... 207
`VESSEL BRIDGE-TO-BRIDGE RADIOTELEPHONE REGULATIONS.. 208
`
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`

`
`INTRODUCTION
`
`International Rules
`
`
`The International Rules in this book were formalized in the Convention on
`the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972, and
`became effective on July 15, 1977. The Rules (commonly called 72
`COLREGS) are part of the Convention, and vessels flying the flags of states
`ratifying the treaty are bound to the Rules. The United States has ratified
`this treaty and all United States flag vessels must adhere to these Rules
`where applicable. President Gerald R. Ford proclaimed 72 COLREGS and
`the Congress adopted them as the International Navigational Rules Act of
`1977.
`
`The 72 COLREGS were developed by the Inter-Governmental Maritime
`Consultative Organization (IMCO) which in May 1982 was renamed the
`International Maritime Organization (IMO). In November 1981, IMO’s
`Assembly adopted 55 amendments to the 72 COLREGS which became
`effective on June 1, 1983. The IMO also adopted 9 more amendments
`which became effective on November 19, 1989. The International Rules in
`this book contain these amendments.
`
`These Rules are applicable on waters outside of established navigational
`lines of demarcation. The lines are called COLREGS Demarcation Lines
`and delineate those waters upon which mariners shall comply with the
`Inland and International Rules. COLREGS Demarcation Lines are contained
`in this book.
`
`
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`

`
`
`INTRODUCTION—CONTINUED
`Inland Rules
`
`
`The Inland Rules in this book replace the old Inland Rules, Western Rivers
`Rules, Great Lakes Rules, their respective pilot rules and interpretive rules,
`and parts of the Motorboat Act of 1940. Many of the old navigation rules
`were originally enacted in the last century. Occasionally, provisions were
`added to cope with the increasing complexities of water transportation.
`Eventually, the navigation rules for United States inland waterways became
`such a confusing patchwork of requirements that in the 1960’s several
`attempts were made to revise and simplify them. These attempts were not
`successful.
`
`Following the signing of the Convention on the International Regulations for
`Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972, a new effort was made to unify and
`update the various inland navigation rules. This effort culminated in the
`enactment of the Inland Navigational Rules Act of 1980. This legislation sets
`out Rules 1 through 38— the main body of the Rules. The five Annexes
`were published as regulations. It is important to note that with the exception
`of Annex V to the Inland Rules, the International and Inland Rules and
`Annexes are very similar in both content and format.
`
`The effective date for the Inland Navigation Rules was December 24, 1981,
`except for the Great Lakes where the effective date was March 1, 1983.
`
`
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`

`

`LEGAL CITATIONS
`
`
`72 COLREGS
`International Navigational Rules.......................... Public Law 95 - 75;
`Act of 1977........................................................... 91 Stat. 308;
`........................................................... 33 U.S.C. 1601 - 1608
`COLREGS Demarcation Lines ............................ 33 CFR 80
`72 COLREGS: Implementing Rules .................... 33 CFR 81
`72 COLREGS: Interpretative Rules..................... 33 CFR 82
`Amendments to 72 COLREGS effective ............. 48 FR 28634
`June 1, 1983
`
`
`INLAND RULES
`Inland Navigational Rules Act of 1980................ Public Law 96 - 591;
`................. 94 Stat. 3415;
`................. 33 U.S.C. 2001 - 2038
`
`Annex l: Positioning and Technical
`Details of Lights and Shapes ........................ 33 CFR 84
`Annex Il: Additional Signals for Fishing ............... 33 CFR 85
`in Close Proximity
`Annex lIl: Technical Details of Sound .................. 33 CFR 86
`Signal Appliances
`Annex IV: Distress Signals .................................. 33 CFR 87
`Annex V: Pilot Rules ............................................ 33 CFR 88
`Inland Navigation Rules: Implementing Rules..... 33 CFR 89
`Inland Navigation Rules: Interpretative Rules .... 33 CFR 90
`
`
`
`
`
`VESSEL BRIDGE-TO-BRIDGE RADIOTELEPHONE
`Vessel Bridge-to-Bridge Radiotelephone Act .......... Public Law 92-63;
`........... 85 Stat.164;
`........... 33 U.S.C. 1201 - 1208
`Vessel Bridge-to-Bridge Radiotelephone ................ 33 CFR 26
`Regulations (Coast Guard regulations)
`Radiotelephone Stations Provided for
`Compliance With the Vessel Bridge-to
`Bridge Radiotelephone Act (Federal
`Communications Commission regulations)
`Other FCC regulations pertaining to vessel
`bridge-to-bridge radiotelephone
`communications are contained in various
`sections of 47 CFR 80. .................................... 47 CFR 80.1001 - 80.1023
`Boundary Lines........................................................ 46 CFR 7
`
`
`
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`

`

`
`
`CONVERSION TABLE
`
`Conversion of Metric to U.S. Customary/Imperial Units
`
`
`U.S. Customary/
`Imperial Measure
` (approx.)
`
`
`
`Metric Measure
`1000 Meters (M) ..............................................3280.8 ft.
`500 M...............................................................1640.4 ft.
`200 M.................................................................656.2 ft.
`150 M.................................................................492.1 ft.
`100 M.................................................................328.1 ft.
`75 M...................................................................246.1 ft.
`60 M...................................................................196.8 ft.
`50 M...................................................................164.0 ft.
`25 M.....................................................................82.0 ft.
`20 M.....................................................................65.6 ft.
`12 M.....................................................................39.4 ft.
`10 M.....................................................................32.8 ft.
`8 M.........................................................................6.2 ft.
`7 M.......................................................................23.0 ft.
`6 M.......................................................................19.7 ft.
`5 M.........................................................................6.4 ft.
`4.5 M....................................................................14.8 ft.
`4.0 M....................................................................13.1 ft.
`3.5 M....................................................................11.5 ft.
`2.5 M......................................................................8.2 ft.
`2.0 M......................................................................6.6 ft.
`1.5 M......................................................................4.9 ft.
`1 M.........................................................................3.3 ft.
`.9 M......................................................................35.4 in.
`.6 M......................................................................23.6 in.
`.5 M......................................................................19.7 in.
`300 Millimeters (mm)...........................................11.8 in.
`200 mm..................................................................7.9 in.
`
`
`
`vii
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`

`

`NAVIGATION RULES
`
`INTERNATIONAL—INLAND
`
`
`
`1
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`

`

`—INTERNATIONAL—
`General
`
`PART A—GENERAL
`
`
`
`RULE 1
`Application
`
`(a) These Rules shall apply to all vessels upon the high seas and in all
`waters connected therewith navigable by seagoing vessels.
`(b) Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of special
`rules made by an appropriate authority for roadsteads, harbors, rivers, lakes
`or inland waterways connected with the high seas and navigable by
`seagoing vessels. Such special rules shall conform as closely as possible to
`these Rules.
`(c) Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of any special
`rules made by the Government of any State with respect to additional
`station or signal lights, shapes or whistle signals for ships of war and
`vessels proceeding under convoy, with respect to additional station or signal
`lights or shapes for fishing vessels engaged in fishing as a fleet. These
`additional station or signal lights, shapes or whistle signals shall, so far as
`possible, be such that they cannot be mistaken for any light, shape or signal
`authorized elsewhere under these Rules1.
`
`
`1 Submarines may display, as a distinctive means of identification, an
`intermittent flashing amber (yellow) beacon with a sequence of one flash per
`second for three (3) seconds followed by a three (3) second off-period.
`Other special rules made by the Secretary of the Navy with respect to
`additional station and signal lights are found in Part 706 of Title 32, Code of
`Federal Regulations (32 CFR 706).
`
`
`
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`

`

`—INLAND—
`General
`
`PART A—GENERAL
`RULE 1
`
`Application
`
`(a) These Rules apply to all vessels upon the inland waters of the United
`States, and to vessels of the United States on the Canadian waters of the
`Great Lakes to the extent that there is no conflict with Canadian law.
`(b)
`(i) These Rules constitute special rules made by an appropriate
`authority within the meaning of Rule 1(b) of the International
`Regulations.
`(ii) All vessels complying with the construction and equipment
`requirements of the International Regulations are considered to be in
`compliance with these Rules.
`(c) Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of any special
`rules made by the Secretary of the Navy with respect to additional station or
`signal lights and shapes or whistle signals for ships of war and vessels
`proceeding under convoy, or by the Secretary with respect to additional
`station or signal lights and shapes for fishing vessels engaged in fishing as
`a fleet. These additional station or signal lights and shapes or whistle
`signals shall, so far as possible, be such that they cannot be mistaken for
`any light, shape, or signal authorized elsewhere under these Rules. Notice
`of such special rules shall be published in the Federal Register and, after
`the effective date specified in such notice, they shall have effect as if they
`were a part of these Rules1.
`
`
`1 Submarines may display, as a distinctive means of identification, an
`intermittent flashing amber (yellow) beacon with a sequence of one flash per
`second for three (3) seconds followed by a three (3) second off-period.
`Other special rules made by the Secretary of the Navy with respect to
`additional station and signal lights are found in Part 706 of Title 32, Code of
`Federal Regulations (32 CFR 706).
`
`
`
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`

`—INTERNATIONAL—
`General
`
`RULE 1—CONTINUED
`
`(d) Traffic separation schemes may be adopted by the Organization for the
`purpose of these Rules.
`(e) Whenever the Government concerned shall have determined that a
`vessel of special construction or purpose cannot comply fully with the
`provisions of any of these Rules with respect to the number, position, range
`or arc of visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and
`characteristics of sound-signaling appliances, such vessel shall comply with
`such other provisions in regard to the number, position, range or arc of
`visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics
`of sound-signaling appliances, as her Government shall have determined to
`be the closest possible compliance with these Rules in respect to that
`vessel.
`
`
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`

`—INLAND—
`General
`
`RULE 1 — CONTINUED
`
`(d) Traffic separation schemes may be established for the purposes of
`these Rules. Vessel traffic service regulations may be in effect in certain
`areas.
`(e) Whenever the Secretary determines that a vessel or class of vessels of
`special construction or purpose cannot comply fully with the provisions of
`any of these Rules with respect to the number, position, range, or arc of
`visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics
`of sound-signaling appliances, the vessel shall comply with such other
`provisions in regard to the number, position, range, or arc of visibility of
`lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound-
`signaling appliances, as the Secretary shall have determined to be the
`closest possible compliance with these Rules. The Secretary may issue a
`certificate of alternative compliance for a vessel or class of vessels
`specifying the closest possible compliance with these Rules. The Secretary
`of the Navy shall make these determinations and issue certificates of
`alternative compliance for vessels of the Navy.
`(f) The Secretary may accept a certificate of alternative compliance issued
`by a contracting party to the International Regulations if he determines that
`the alternative compliance standards of the contracting party are
`substantially the same as those of the United States.
`
`
`
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`

`

`—INTERNATIONAL—
`General
`
`RULE 2
`Responsibility
`(a) Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner,
`master or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to comply
`with these Rules or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required
`by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the
`case.
`(b) In construing and complying with these Rules due regard shall be had
`to all dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances,
`including the limitations of the vessels involved, which may make a
`departure from these Rules necessary to avoid immediate danger.
`
`
`RULE 3
`General Definitions
`For the purpose of these Rules, except where the context otherwise
`requires:
`(a) The word “vessel” includes every description of water craft, including
`nondisplacement craft, WIG craft and seaplanes, used or capable of being
`used as a means of transportation on water.
`(b) The term “power-driven vessel” means any vessel propelled by
`machinery.
`(c) The term “sailing vessel” means any vessel under sail provided that
`propelling machinery, if fitted, is not being used.
`(d) The term “vessel engaged in fishing” means any vessel fishing with
`nets, lines, trawls or other fishing apparatus which restrict maneuverability,
`but does not include a vessel fishing with trolling lines or other fishing
`apparatus which do not restrict maneuverability.
`(e) The word “seaplane” includes any aircraft designed to maneuver on the
`water.
`(f) The term “vessel not under command” means a vessel which through
`some exceptional circumstance is unable to maneuver as required by these
`Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel.
`(g) The term “vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver” means a vessel
`which from the nature of her work is restricted in her ability to maneuver as
`required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of
`another vessel.
`
`
`
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`
`

`

`—INLAND—
`General
`
`RULE 2
`Responsibility
`(a) Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner,
`master, or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to comply
`with these Rules or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required
`by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the
`case.
`(b) In construing and complying with these Rules due regard shall be had
`to all dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances,
`including the limitations of the vessels involved, which may make a
`departure from these Rules necessary to avoid immediate danger.
`
`
`RULE 3
`General Definitions
`For the purpose of these Rules and this Chapter, except where the context
`otherwise requires:
`(a) The word “vessel” includes every description of water craft, including
`nondisplacement craft and seaplanes, used or capable of being used as a
`means of transportation on water;
`(b) The term “power-driven vessel” means any vessel propelled by
`machinery;
`(c) The term “sailing vessel” means any vessel under sail provided that
`propelling machinery, if fitted, is not being used;
`(d) The term “vessel engaged in fishing” means any vessel fishing with
`nets, lines, trawls, or other fishing apparatus which restricts maneuverability,
`but does not include a vessel fishing with trolling lines or other fishing
`apparatus which do not restrict maneuverability;
`(e) The word “seaplane” includes any aircraft designed to maneuver on the
`water;
`(f) The term “vessel not under command” means a vessel which through
`some exceptional circumstance is unable to maneuver as required by these
`Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel;
`(g) The term “vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver” means a vessel
`which from the nature of her work is restricted in her ability to maneuver as
`required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of
`another vessel; vessels restricted in their ability to maneuver include, but
`are not limited to:
`
`
`
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`

`

`—INTERNATIONAL—
`General
`
`RULE 3—CONTINUED
`
`(g) (continued) The term “vessels restricted in their ability to maneuver”
`shall include but not be limited to:
`(i) a vessel engaged in laying, servicing or picking up a navigation
`mark, submarine cable or pipeline;
`(ii) a vessel engaged in dredging, surveying or underwater operations;
`(iii) a vessel engaged in replenishment or transferring persons,
`provisions or cargo while underway;
`(iv) a vessel engaged in the launching or recovery of aircraft;
`(v) a vessel engaged in mineclearance operations;
`(vi) a vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely restricts
`the towing vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate from their
`course.
`(h) The term “vessel constrained by her draft” means a power-driven
`vessel which, because of her draft in relation to the available depth and
`width of navigable water is severely restricted in her ability to deviate from
`the course she is following.
`(i) The word “underway” means that a vessel is not at anchor, or made fast
`to the shore, or aground.
`(j) The words “length” and “breadth” of a vessel means her length overall
`and greatest breadth.
`(k) Vessels shall be deemed to be in sight of one another only when one
`can be observed visually from the other.
`(l) The term “restricted visibility” means any condition in which visibility is
`restricted by fog, mist, falling snow, heavy rainstorms, sandstorms or any
`other similar causes.
`(m) The term “Wing-In-Ground (WIG) craft” means a multimodal craft
`which, in its main operational mode, flies in close proximity to the surface by
`utilizing surface-effect action.
`
`
`
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`

`

`—INLAND—
`General
`
`RULE 3—CONTINUED
`
`
`
`(g) (continued)
`(i) a vessel engaged in laying, servicing, or picking up a navigation
`mark, submarine cable, or pipeline;
`(ii) a vessel engaged in dredging, surveying, or underwater operations;
`(iii) a vessel engaged in replenishment or transferring persons,
`provisions, or cargo while underway;
`(iv) a vessel engaged in the launching or recovery of aircraft;
`(v) a vessel engaged in mineclearance operations; and (vi) a vessel
`engaged in a towing operation such as severely restricts the towing
`vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate from their course.
`(h) The word “underway” means that a vessel is not at anchor, or made
`fast to the shore, or aground;
`(i) The words “length” and “breadth” of a vessel means her length overall
`and greatest breadth;
`(j) Vessels shall be deemed to be in sight of one another only when one
`can be observed visually from the other;
`(k) The term “restricted visibility” means any condition in which visibility is
`restricted by fog, mist, falling snow, heavy rainstorms, sandstorms, or any
`other similar causes;
`
`
`
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`

`

`—INTERNATIONAL—
`General
`
`
`
`[BLANK]
`
`
`
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`

`

`—INLAND—
`General
`
`RULE 3—CONTINUED
`
`(l) “Western Rivers” means the Mississippi River, its tributaries, South
`Pass, and Southwest Pass, to the navigational demarcation lines dividing
`the high seas from harbors, rivers, and other inland waters of the United
`States, and the Port Allen-Morgan City Alternate Route, and that part of the
`Atchafalaya River above its junction with the Port Allen-Morgan City
`Alternate Route including the Old River and the Red River;
`(m) “Great Lakes” means the Great Lakes and their connecting and
`tributary waters including the Calumet River as far as the Thomas J.
`O’Brien Lock and Controlling Works (between mile 326 and 327), the
`Chicago River as far as the east side of the Ashland Avenue Bridge
`(between mile 321 and 322), and the Saint Lawrence River as far east as
`the lower exit of Saint Lambert Lock;
`(n) “Secretary” means the Secretary of the department in which the Coast
`Guard is operating;
`(o) “Inland Waters” means the navigable waters of the United States
`shoreward of the navigational demarcation lines dividing the high seas from
`harbors, rivers, and other inland waters of the United States and the waters
`of the Great Lakes on the United States side of the International Boundary;
`(p) “Inland Rules” or “Rules” mean the Inland Navigational Rules and the
`annexes thereto, which govern the conduct of vessels and specify the lights,
`shapes, and sound signals that apply on inland waters; and
`(q) “International Regulations” means the International Regulations for
`Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972, including annexes currently in force for
`the United States.
`
`
`
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`

`

`—INTERNATIONAL—
`Steering and Sailing Rules
`
`PART B—STEERING AND SAILING RULES
`
`Section I—Conduct of Vessels in Any
`Condition of Visibility
`
`RULE 4
`Application
`Rules in this Section apply to any condition of visibility.
`
`
`RULE 5
`Look-out
`Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight and
`hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing
`circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation
`and of the risk of collision.
`
`
`
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`

`

`—INLAND—
`Steering and Sailing Rules
`
`PART B—STEERING AND SAILING RULES
`
`Subpart I—Conduct of Vessels in Any
`Condition of Visibility
`
`RULE 4
`Application
`Rules in this subpart apply in any condition of visibility.
`
`
`RULE 5
`Look-out
`Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight and
`hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing
`circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation
`and of the risk of collision.
`
`
`
`13
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`IPR2017-00946
`Garmin EX2005 Page 21
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`

`

`—INTERNATIONAL—
`Steering and Sailing Rules
`
`RULE 6
`Safe Speed
`Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so that she can
`take proper and effective action to avoid collision and be stopped within a
`distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions.
`In determining a safe speed the following factors shall be among those
`taken into account:
`(a) By all vessels:
`(i) the state of visibility;
`(ii) the traffic density including concentrations of fishing vessels or any
`other vessels;
`(iii) the maneuverability of the vessel with special reference to stopping
`distance and turning ability in the prevailing conditions;
`(iv) at night, the presence of background light such as from shore lights
`or from back scatter of her own lights;
`(v) the state of wind, sea and current, and the proximity of navigational
`hazards;
`(vi) the draft in relation to the available depth of water.
`(b) Additionally, by vessels with operational radar:
`(i) the characteristics, efficiency and limitations of the radar equipment;
`(ii) any constraints imposed by the radar range scale in use;
`(iii) the effect on radar detection of the sea state, weather and other
`sources of interference;
`(iv) the possibility that small vessels, ice and other floating objects may
`not be detected by radar at an adequate range;
`(v) the number, location and movement of vessels detected by radar;
`(vi) the more exact assessment of the visibility that may be possible
`when radar is used to determine the range of vessels or other objects
`in the vicinity.
`
`
`
`14
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`IPR2017-00946
`Garmin EX2005 Page 22
`
`

`

`—INLAND—
`Steering and Sailing Rules
`
`RULE 6
`Safe Speed
`Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so that she can
`take proper and effective action to avoid collision and be stopped within a
`distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions.
`In determining a safe speed the following factors shall be among those
`taken into account:
`(a) By all vessels:
`(i) the state of visibility;
`(ii) the traffic density including concentration of fishing vessels or any
`other vessels;
`(iii) the maneuverability of the vessel with special reference to stopping
`distance and turning ability in the prevailing conditions;
`(iv) at night, the presence of background light such as from shore lights
`or from back scatter of her own lights;
`(v) the state of wind, sea, and current, and the proximity of navigational
`hazards;
`(vi) the draft in relation to the available depth of water.
`(b) Additionally, by vessels with operational radar:
`(i) the characteristics, e