`
`es &
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`ees
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`SEP. 29 2015
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`ES
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` Libyass
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`Johannesburg Melbourne New Delhi
`
`MODERN
`DICTIONARY
`of
`
`ELECTRONICS
`SEVENTH EDITION
`REVISED AND UPDATED
`
`opeklBRARY
`S & GRAY LLP
`1211 AVE. OF THE AMERICAS
`NEW YORK, NY 10036
`212-596-9000
`
`Rudolf F. Graf
`
`Boston Oxford Auckland
`
`Newnes
`
`IP Bridge Exhibit 2003
`GlobalFoundriesv. IP Bridge
`IPR2017-00923
`Page 00001
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`IP Bridge Exhibit 2003
`GlobalFoundries v. IP Bridge
`IPR2017-00923
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`Newnesis an imprint ofButterworth-Heinemann,
`
`Copyright © 1999 by Rudolf F. Graf
`
`CQ A member of the Reed Elsevier Group.
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`All rights reserved.
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`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
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`British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
`A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
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`99-17889
`CIP
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`il
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`The publisher offers special discounts on bulk orders of this book.
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`10987654321
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`Graf, Rudolf F.
`“. Modern dictionary of electronics / Rudolf F, Graf, —7th ed.,
`revised and updated.
`:
`cm.
`ISBN 0-7506-9866-7 (alk. paper)
`1. Electronics — Dictionaries. I. Title
`TK7804.G67
`1999
`621.381'03 —de21
`
`
`
`:
`
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`Typeset by Laser Words, Madras, India
`Printed in the United States of America
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`
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`filament saturation — film scanning
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`filament saturation — Also called temperature sat-
`f
`to anotherInternetsite for the purpose of retrieving ang,
`uration. The condition whereby a further increase in fila-
`ee in
`sending files. There are many Internet sites that j, ot.
`ment voltage will no longer increase the plate currentat
`established publicly accessible repositories of mater | a i
`that can be obtained using FTP, by logging in
`a given value of plate voltage.
`Using
`filament transformer -— A transformer used exclu-
`the account name “anonymous.” These sites are
`Called ;
`anonymous FTPservers. See also FTP.
`sively to supply filament voltage and current for vacuum
`tubes.
`|
`fill—1. The number of working lines in a particy,
`filament voltage -—The voltage value that must be
`cable or cable center, 2. The number of working lings -
`;
`applied to the filament of a vacuum tube to obtain the
`a percentage ofthe total pairs provided.
`7
`rated filament current.
`ale.
`yp,
`the inert
`filler—1. In mechanical recording,
`filament winding—A secondary winding provided
`rial of a recording compound (as distinguished from, the
`on a power transformer to furnish alternating filament
`binder). 2. Nonconducting component cabled with ines
`voltage for one or more vacuum tubes.
`lation conductors to impart roundness, flexibility, tensile
`strength, or a combination ofall three, to the cable,
`file—1. A collection of related records. For example,
`in inventory control, oneline of an invoice containing data
`film — Single or multiple layers or coatings ofthin a ff
`on the material, the quantity, and the price forms an item;
`thick material used to form various elements (resistor,
`a complete invoice formsa record; and the complete set of
`capacitors, inductors) or interconnections and CrOSS-OVery
`such records formsa file. 2. To insert an item into such a
`(conductors,
`insulators). Thin films are deposited }
`set. 3. A user-defined collection of information of variable
`vacuum evaporation or sputtering and/or plating. Thick
`length. 4. A list. Usually, a file is a list of instructions
`films are deposited by screen printing,
`plus data and comments. 5. A collection of information
`film badge—A type of dosimeter consisting of
`consisting of records pertaining to a single subject. A file
`small piece of film sensitive to radiation, placed in 4
`may be recorded on all or on part of a volume or on
`light-tight holder and carried by a person who works
`more than one volume. 6. A logical block of computer
`with radiation. Whenthe film is developed, the amountof
`information, designated by name, and considered as a unit
`darkening can be measured to determine the total dose of
`by a user. A file may be physically divided into records,
`ionizing radiation to which the badge has been subjected,
`blocks, or other units required by the memory device.
`film capacitor—1.A capacitor with a dielectric
`7. A collection of related information stored on a disk.
`consisting ofa plastic film. 2. A capacitor that is made by
`filed coil—A coil of insulated wire wound around an
`winding metal and dielectric (such as polyester, polycar-
`iron core. Currentflowing in the coil produces a magnetic
`bonate, polystyrene, polypropylene, or polysulfone) tib.
`
`field.
`bons into a tubular shape. The metal electrodes can be
`
`file gap — On a data medium, an area intended to be
`separate metal foil, or can be vacuum-deposited onto the
`
`dielectric.
`used to mark the end ofa file and, possibly, the start of
`
`another. A file gap frequently is used for other purposes,
`film chain—An arrangementof a film projector or
`
`in particular for indicating the end or beginning of some
`projectors and a CCTV camera for transmitting moving
`
`pictures over a television system.
`other group of data.
`film conductor—1. A conductor formed in situ on
`file layout—1. The organization and structure of
`
`data in a file,
`including the sequence and size of the
`a substrate by depositing a conductive material by screen-
`
`components. 2. By extension, the description thereof.
`ing, plating, or evaporation techniques. 2. Electrically
`
`conductive material formed by deposition on a substrate,
`file maintenance —The processing of a computer
`
`film integrated circuit— Also called film microcir-
`file in order to bring it up to date.
`
`cuit.
`1, A circuit made up of elements that are films all
`file management — Anoperating system facility for
`
`formed in place upon an insulating substrate. To further
`the manipulating of data files to and from secondary
`
`define the nature of a film integrated circuit, additional
`storage devices (usually disk files or magnetic tapes);it is
`
`used for building files, retrieving information from them,
`modifiers may be prefixed. Examples: thin-film integrated
`
`or modifying the information.
`circuit, thick-film integrated circuit. 2. Thin- or thick-film
`
`network forming an electrical interconnection of numer-
`file mark— Also termed tape mark or end-of-file
`ous devices,
`y
`
`mark, A specially recorded block containing no data but
`acting as a data-block separator.
`film microcircuit — See film integrated circuit.
`
`film pickup—A film projector combined with a
`file-protection device— 1. A device by which the
`
`television camera for telecasting scenes from a motion-
`existence and integrity of a file are maintained. 2. A ring
`
`picture film.
`that mustbe in place in the hub ofa reel before data can
`
`be recorded on the tape contained by the reel. A reel of
`film reader—A computer input device that scans
`
`tape not provided with a file-protection device can be read
`opaqueandtransparentpatterns on photographic film and
`
`but not written.
`relays the corresponding information to the computer.
`
`file section — Thatpart ofa file which is recorded on
`film recorder— Aninstrument designed to place
`
`nongraphic information, usually generated by a computer,
`any one volume. Thefile sections may not have sections
`
`of otherfiles interspersed.
`onto photographic film. The information is generally
`
`file set—A collection of one or more related files,
`encoded as a series of opaque and translucent spots, or
`
`recorded consecutively on a volumeset.
`light and dark spots.
`
`file transfer—aA procedure that calls for a commu-
`film reproducer— Aninstrument that reproduces 4
`
`recording on film,
`nication link (typically over telephone lines) to be estab-
`
`film resistor— 1. A fixed resistor whose resistance
`lished between two or more PCs using modems. This
`
`connection allows data files to be transferred from one
`element
`is a very thin layer of conductive material on
`computer’s storage device (usually a floppy or hard-disk
`an insulated form, Some sort of mechanical protection i§
`
`drive) to the other's.
`placed overthis layer. 2. A resistor whose characteristics
`
`File Transfer Protocol— Abbreviated FTP. 1. The
`depend on film rather than bulk properties. 3, A device
`whoseresistive material is a film on an insulator substrate;
`
`protocol used for copying files
`to and from remote
`
`computer systems on a network using TCP/IP, such as
`final resistance value may be determined by trimming.
`
`the Internet. 2. A very common method of movingfiles
`film scanning — 1. Theprocess of converting movie
`
`between two Internet sites. FTP is a special way to log in
`film into corresponding electrical signals that can be
`
`
`
`
`
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`

`mark — masking
`
`mark— 1. In telegraphy, the closed-circuit condition,
`maser-—-Acronym for microwave amplificay,.
`stimulated
`emission
`of
`radiation.
`1. A lowaa iy
`ie., the signal that closes the circuit at the receiver to
`microwave amplifier in which a signal
`is boustai
`produce a click of the sounder or to print a character on a
`teletypewriter. 2. The presence ofsignal. A mark impulse
`changing the energy level of a gas or crystal (Common
`ammonia or ruby, respectively), 2. A means of focus
`is equivalent to a binary 1, 3, A termthat originated with
`telegraphy to indicate a closed key condition. Present
`stream ofparticles, which concentrates only on the |
`:
`energy particles. These are passed into a resonatoy hs
`usage implies the presence of currentor carrier on a circuit
`or the idle condition of a teletypewriter. It also indicates
`resonating at the radiation frequency of the Particles.
`the binary digit 1 in computer language. See flag. 4. In
`particles are raised to a strong oscillation in this state eo
`RTTY applications, the mark is one of two states. The
`can be usedfor contral purposes. By reducingthe flow ae
`mark is the condition characterized by a closed circuit.
`particles to the resonator to maintain oscillations,it cq, ce
`The space, the other state, is characterized by an open-
`used as an amplifier. (There are many other applicatio
`circuit condition.
`3. Device for amplifying a microwave frequency sj
`mark and space impulses — In neutral operation
`by stimulated emission of tadiation—ie.,
`the y,
`of a teletypewriter system,the mark impulse is the closed-
`microwave signal causes electrons in an atom to change.
`circuit signal, and the space impulse is the open-circuit
`orbit in such a manneras to emit an amplified signal of ‘
`signal. In other than neutral operation, the mark impulse
`same frequency as the weak signal. 4. Amplification by”
`is the circuit condition that produces the same result in
`a low-noise radio-frequency amplifier in which an jy a
`the terminal equipment
`that a mark impulse produces
`signal stimulates emission of energy stored in a molecu};
`in neutral operation. Similarly, the space impulse is the
`or atomic system by a microwave power supply,
`circuit condition that produces the same result
`in the
`mask— 1. A frame mounted in front of a televigig
`terminal equipment that a space impulse produces in
`picture tube to limit the viewing area of the screen,
`neutral operation.
`marker — Also called marker beacon. A radio navi-
`device (usually a thin sheet of metal that contains an ope
`pattern) used to shield selected portions of a base during”
`gationalaid consisting of a transmitter that sends a signal
`a deposition process. 3. A device used to shield seleg:
`to designate the small area around and aboveit.
`portions of a photosensitive material during photography
`marker antenna—The transmitting antenna for a
`processing. 4. A logical technique in which certain bit,
`marker beacon.
`of a word are blanked out or inhibited. 5. Template”
`marker beacon— See marker.
`used to etch circuit patterns on semiconductor wafer:
`marker generator — An rf generator that injects one
`Images of the circuit patterns are produced on glass
`or more pipsof specific frequency onto the response curve
`metal photographically. The mask is then used to con
`of a tuned circuit being displayed on the screen of a
`the diffusion process, plus metallization. 6. A transparg;
`cathode-ray oscilloscope.
`(glass or quartz) plate covered with an array of patter
`marker pip—The inverted V (A) or spot of light
`used in making integrated circuits. Each pattern consists
`used as a frequency index mark in cathode-ray oscil-
`of opaque and transparent areas that define the size an
`loscopes for alignment of TV sets. It is produced by
`js
`shape ofall circuit and device elements. The mask
`coupling a fixed-frequency oscillator to the output of a
`used to expose selected areas of photoresist, which defing
`sweep-driven signal generator.
`areas to be etched. Masks may use emulsion, chrome,iran) 7
`marker thread —A colored thread laid parallel and
`oxide, silicon, or other material to produce the opaq
`adjacentto the strandsof an insulated conductor that iden-
`ateas. 7. Thin metals or other materials with an open)
`tifies the wire manufacturer and often the specification
`pattern designed to mask off or shield selected portio
`under which the wire was constnicted.
`of semiconductors or other surfaces during deposition
`marking-and-spacing intervals —In telegraphy,
`processes. There also are photomasks or optical masks —
`the intervals corresponding to the closed and open posi-
`for contact or projection printing of wafers; these may7
`tions, respectively, of the originating transmitting con-
`tacts.
`use an extremely flat glass substrate with iron oxide,
`chrome, or emulsion coating. There also are thick-film.
`marking bias-——Bias that affects the results in the
`screen masks, 8. The photographic negalive thai serves”
`same direction they are affected by marking current.
`as the master for making thick-film screens and thi
`marking current—The magnitude and polarity of
`film patterns. 9. The pattern, usually “printed” on gla:
`line current when the receiving mechanism is in the
`used to define areas of the chip or wafer. Masks are
`operated condition.
`used for the diffusion, oxidation, and metallization steps —
`marking pulse — Thesignal interval during which
`used in manufacturing of semiconductors. 10. To hide, to~
`the selector unit of a teletypewriter is operated.
`obscure, to make less noticeable. For example, as nois®
`marking wave— Also called keying wave. In teleg-
`masks crosstalk. 11. A material applied to enable selective
`raphy, the emission while the active portions of the code
`etching, etching, plating, or the application of solder to —
`characters are being transmitted.
`a printed board. Also, the surface on which the master
`mark sense—1. To mark a position on a punch card,
`artwork of the circuit pattern is projected, 12, A thinsteel
`using @ special pencil that leaves an electrically conduc-
`arrangementwith fine holes (shadow mask) orstripes (slot
`tive deposit for later conversion to machine punching.
`mask) that concentrates the electron beam at points on
`2, A mechanized technique of punching data into com-
`the CRT.
`puter cards. A graphite line positioned on the cardis read
`masked diffusion—-The use of a mask pattern (0
`electronically and converted into holes by special equip-
`ment.
`obtain selective impregnation of portions of a semicot
`ductor material with impurity atoms.
`=
`mark-sense card—A card designed to permit data
`to be entered on it with an electrographic pencil.
`masked ROM—A regular
`read-only memory |
`(ROM) produced by
`the usual masking process:
`~
`mark sensing—aA technique for detecting special
`(Contrasted with a PROM.)
`x
`pencil marks entered in special places on a card and
`automatically translating the marks into punched holes.
`masking —The process by which a sound is made
`~ mark-to-space transition—The change from a
`audible by the addition of a second sound called the
`marking impulse to a spacing impulse.
`,
`masking sound. The unit of measurement is usually the 7
`decibel.
`%
`marshalling sequence —Seecollating sequence, 1.
`
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