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`SEP. 29 2015
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`MODERN
`DICTIONARY
`of
`
`ELECTRONICS
`
`SEVENTH EDITION
`REVISED AND UPDATED
`
`LIBRARY
`HOPES 81 GRAY LLP
`1211 AVE, OF THE AMERICAS
`NEW YORK, NY 10035
`212-596-9000
`
`Rudolf F. Graf
`
`@N
`
`ewnes
`
`Boston Oxford Auckland
`
`Johannesburg Melbourne New Delhi
`
`IP Bridge Exhibit 2003
`
`GlobalFoundries v. IP Bridge
`IPR2017-00922
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`Page 00001
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`IP Bridge Exhibit 2003
`GlobalFoundries v. IP Bridge
`IPR2017-00922
`Page 00001
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`Newncs is an imprint l1li‘Buttegworjtli—Hcinemuun.
`
`Copyright © 1999 by Rudolf F. Graf
`
`»& A member of the Reed Elsevier Group.
`
`All rights reserved.
`
`No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
`in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
`without the prior written permission of the publisher.
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`Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, Butterworth-Heinemann
`prints its books on acid-free paper whenever possible.
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`Butterwurtl‘I-Heiltemann supports the efforts of American Forests and the Global
`ReLeaf pl'ugrmn in its campaign for the betterment of trees,
`forests, and our environment.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`Graf, Rudolf F.
`'\ Modern dictionary of electronics / Rudolf F. Graf. —7lh ed.,
`revised and updated.
`p.
`cm.
`ISBN 0-7506-9866-7 (alk. paper)
`1. Electronics—Dictionaries. I. Title
`TK7804.667
`1999
`621.381’03—dc21
`
`99-17889
`CIP
`
`British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
`A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
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`For information, please contact:
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`Typeset by Laser Words, Madras, India
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`IPR2017-00922 Page 00002
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`IPR2017-00922 Page 00002
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`.m..._
`24.5.
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`latron conductors to impart roundness, llexrbllny, [unsi'j'u
`
`=.——_A.—I.—H—‘_-‘Momma-«u5.:4.11:5”:a.
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`filament saturation — film scanning
`
`
`
`
`
`281
`to anolher lnlemci sile for the purpose of relricving and;
`u:
`sending files, There are many lnlcmcl silos [hm
`hav-
`established publicly accessible repositories of mi,
`tuna;
`that can be obtained using FTP, by logging in
`“Sin
`the account name “anonymous.” These sites are
`called '
`anonymous FTP servers. See also FTP.
`fill— l. The number of working lines in a p;micul_
`cable or cable cenlcr. 11. The number of working ling,
`u pei'cenlnge of the total pairs provided.
`the inert mam
`filler—l. in rrrecluurical recording,
`1-ier of :1 recording compound {as distinguished from mu .
`binder). 2. Nonconductiug component cabled with
`.
`,
`,
`,
`,
`ins .
`'
`strength, or a combination of all three, to the cable
`film— Single or multiple layers or coatings of thin 0r
`thick material used to form various elements (ream-s
`capacitors, inductors) or interconnections and cross-oval;
`(conductors,
`insulators). Thin films are deposited 1-,
`vacuum evaporation or sputtering and/or plaling Thick -
`films are deposited by screen printing.
`film badger-A type of dosimeter consisting of a
`small piece of film sensilive to radiation, placed in a
`liglwtight holder and carried by a person who Wl'flks
`with radiation. When the film is developed. lire amountof '
`darkening can be measured to detennine the total dose 0f
`ionizing radiation to which the badge has been Subjected,
`film capacitor— 1. A capacitor with a dielcclzic
`consisting of a plastic film. 2. A capacitor that is made by
`winding metal and dielectric (such as polyester, pnlycal;
`bonate, polystyrene, polypropylene. or polysull’one) rib.
`bons into a tubular shape. The metal electrodes can he .
`separate metal foil, or can be vacuum—deposited onto lhc
`dielectric.
`
`'
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`'- '
`
`filament saturation—Also called temperature sat-
`uration. The condition whereby a further increase in fila-
`ment voltage will no longer increase the plate current at
`a given value of plate voltage.
`filament transformer—A transformer used exclu-
`sively to supply filament voltage and Current for vacuum
`tubes.
`filament voltage—The voltage value that must be
`applied to the filament of a vacuum tube to obtain the
`rated filament current.
`filament winding—A secondary winding provided
`on a power transformer to furnish alternating filament
`voltage for one or more vacuum tubes.
`file— 1. A Collection of related records. For example,
`in inventory control, one line of an invoice containing data
`on the material, the quantity, and the price forms an item;
`a complete invoice forms a record; and the complete set of
`such records forms a file. 2. To insert an item into such a
`set. 3. A user-defined collection of information of variable
`length. 4. A list. Usually, a file is a list of instructions
`plus data and comments. 5. A collection of information
`consisting of records pertaining to a single subject. A file
`may be recorded on all or on part of a volume or on
`more than one volume. 6. A logical block of computer
`information, designated by name, and considered as a unit
`by a user. A file may be physically divided into records,
`blocks, or other units required by the memory device.
`7. A collection of related information stored on a disk.
`filed coil —A coil of insulated wire wound around an
`iron core. Current flowing in the coil produces a magnetic
`field.
`file gap—On a data medium, an area intended to be
`used to mark the end of a file and, possibly, the start of
`another. A file gap frequently is used for other purposes,
`film chain—An arrangement of a film projector or ' ‘
`in particular for indicating the end or beginning of some
`projectors and a CCTV camera for transmitting moving
`other group of data.
`pictures over a television system.
`film conductor— 1. A conductor formed in situ on '
`file layout— 1. The organization and structure of
`data in a file, including the sequence and size of the
`a substrate by depositing a conductive material by screen?
`components. 2. By extension, the description thereof.
`ing, plating. or evaporation techniques. 2. Electrically
`conductive material formed by deposition on a substrate.
`file maintenance—The processing of a computer
`file in order to bring it up to date.
`film Integrated circuit—Also called film microch—
`cull.
`I. A circuit made up of elements that are films all
`file management—An operating system facility for
`formed in place upon an insulating substrate. To further
`the manipulating of data files to and from secondary
`define the nature of a film integrated circuit, additional
`storage devices (usually disk files or magnetic tapes); it is
`modifiers may be prefixed. Examples: thin-film integrated
`used for building files, retrieving information from them,
`circuit, thick-film integrated circuit. 2. Thin— or thick-film
`or modifying the information.
`network forming an electrical interconnection of numer-
`file mark—Also termed tape mark or end-of-file
`ous devices.
`mark. A specially recorded block containing no data but
`film microcircuit—See film integrated circuit.
`acting as a data-block separator.
`film pickup—A film projector combined with a
`file-protection device— 1. A device by which the
`television camera for telecasiing scenes from a motion-
`existence and integrity of a file are maintained. 2. A ring
`picture film.
`that must be in place in the hub of a reel before data can
`be recorded on the tape contained by the reel. A reel of
`~fi|m reader—A computer input device that scans
`tape not provided with a file-protection device can be read
`opaque and transparent patterns on photographic film and '
`but not written.
`relays the corresponding information to the computer.
`file section —That part of a file which is recorded on
`film recorder—An instrument designed to place
`any one volume. The file sections may not have sections
`nongraphic information, usually generated by a computer,
`of other files interspersed.
`onto photographic film. The information is generally
`file set—A collection of one or more related files,
`encoded as a series of opaque and translucent spots, or
`light and dark spots.
`recorded consecutively on a volume set.
`file transfer—A procedure that calls for a commu-
`film reproducer—An instrument that reproduces a
`recording on film.
`nication link (typically over telephone lines) to be estab-
`film resistor— 1. A fixed resistor whose resistance
`lished between two or more PCs using modems. This
`connection allows data files to be transferred from one
`element
`is a very thin layer of conductive material
`fill
`
`an insulated form. Some sort of mechanical protection IE
`computer’s storage device (usually a floppy or hard-disk
`
`
`drive) to the other’s.
`placed over this layer. 2. A resistor whose Characteristics
`
`
`File Transfer Protocol—Abbreviated FTP. 1. The
`depend on lilm ralher than bull: properties. 3. A devicfl
`whose resistive material is a film on an insulator substrate:
`
`
`protocol used for copying files to and from remote
`
`
`computer systems on a network using TCP/IP, such as
`final resistance value may be determined by trimming-
`
`
`the Internet. 2. A very common method of moving files
`film scanning — l. The process of convening movie ,_ ,-,
`.
`
`
` between two Internet sites. FTP is a special way to log in
`film into corresponding electrical signals that can be
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`maser——-Acronym for microwave fllnpliiicafi
`stimulated
`emission
`of
`radiation.
`1. A lnwon
`microwave amplifier in which a signal
`is boast;
`changing the energy level of a gas or crystal (cumin .
`ammonia or ruby. respectively). 2. A means or hang?“
`stream of particles, which concentrates only on the l'i‘ '
`energy particles. These are passed into a resonator uh
`resonating at Ihe radiation frequency of the panicie m
`particles are raised to a strong oscillation in this smile
`can be used for control purposes. By reducing the flew
`particles to the resonator to maintain oscillations, it Can
`used as an amplifier. (There are many other applicfih-D
`3. Device for amplifying a microane frequency 5]
`by stimulated emission of radiation—Le,
`[he ‘5
`microwave signal causes electrons in an atom to Chan
`orbit in such a manner as to emit an amplified signal of 8" I
`same frequency as the weak signal. 4. Aniplificnlion'b-t .
`
`a low-noise radio-frequency amplifier in which an in -y '
`signal stimulates emission of energy stored in a mules,“
`or atomic system by a microwave power supply.
`mask— 1. A frame mounted in front of a leievi
`picture tube to limit the viewing area of the screen, 2
`device (usually a thin sheet of metal that contains an a
`pattern) used to shield selected portions of a base dun
`a deposition process. 3. A device used to shield sciec a.
`portions of a photosensitive material during photograph}
`processing. 4. A logical technique in which certain bi
`of a word are blanked out or inhibited. 5. Tcmpia 5.
`used to etch circuit patterns on semiconductor wafer
`}
`Images of the circuit patterns are produced on glass of.
`metal photographically. The mask is then used to con ‘
`the diffusion process, plus metallization. 6. A lrunsparen
`(glass or quartz) plate covered with an array of patte '
`‘
`7
`used in makingintegrated circuits. Each pattern coasts
`of‘opaque and transparent areas that define the size .' ‘
`shape of all circuit and device elements. The mask-
`used to expose selected areas of photoresist, which define
`areas to be etched. Masks may use emulsion, chrome, iro
`oxide, silicon, or other material to produce the opaque-
`areas. 7. Thin metals or other materials with an 0'
`pattern designed to mask off or shield selected porn
`of semiconductors or other surfaces during deposition”
`processes. There also are photomaslts or optical masks
`for contact or projection printing of wafers; these may?
`use an extremely flat glass substrate with iron oxide"
`chrome, or emulsion coating. There also are thick~filrlt
`screen masks. B. The photographic negative that serv _
`as the master for making thick-film scteens and thinf'
`I
`-
`film patterns. 9. The pattern, usually "printed" on glass..
`used to define areas of the chip or wafer. Masks are-z I”
`used for the diffusion, oxidation, and metallization steps“
`used in manufacturing of semiconductors. 10. To hide
`obscure. to make less noticeable. For example“ as “01
`masks crosstalk. 11. A material applied to cnabte sclecti‘u'E'
`etching, etching, plating. or the application of solder l0 :
`a printed hoard. Also. the surface on which the master
`anwork oi the circuit patient is projected. l2. A thin steel
`arrangement wilh fine holes (shadow mask) or stripes (5101
`mask) that concentrates the electron beam at points 0"
`"_-
`the CRT.
`'
`masked diffusion—The use of a mask pattern “1 "
`obtain selective impregnation of portions of a semicon'
`i.
`ductor material with impurity atoms.
`'_
`masked ROM—A regular
`read-only memory '
`(ROM) produced by
`the usual masking process:
`(Contrasted with a PROM.)
`masking—The process by which a sound is mudt‘r
`audible.by the addition of a second sound called the
`masking sound. The unit of measurement is usually 111”
`decibel.
`
`mark - masking
`
`mark— 1. In telegraphy. the closed-circuit condition,
`i.e.,
`the signal that closes the circuit at the receiver to
`produce a click of lhc sounder or to print a character on a
`teletypewritcr. 2. The presence of signal. A mark impulse
`is equivalent to rt binary l. 3. A lenn that originated wilh
`telegrtlphy to indicate a closed key condition. Present
`usage implies the presence of current or carrier on a circuit
`or the idle condition of :l telctypewriter. lt also indicates
`the binary digit 1
`in computer language. See flag. 4. In
`RTTY applications, the mark is one of two states. The
`mark is the condition characterized by a closed circuit.
`The space, the other state, is characterized by an open—
`circuit condition.
`mark and space impulses—In neutral operation
`of a teletypewriter system, the mark impulse is the closed-
`circuit signal, and the space impulse is the open—circuit
`signal. In other than neutral operation, the mark impulse
`is the circuit condition that produces the same result in
`the terminal equipment that a mark impulse produces
`in neutral operation. Similarly, the space impulse is the
`circuit condition that produces the same result
`in the
`terminal equipment that a space impulse produces in
`neutral operation.
`markerwAlso called marker beacon. A radio navi-
`gational aid consisting of a transmitter that sends a signal
`to designate the small area around and above it.
`marker antenna—The transmitting antenna for a
`marker beacon.
`marker beacon—See marker.
`marker generator fiAn rf generator that injects one
`or more pips of specific frequency onto the response curve
`of a tuned circuit being displayed on the screen of a
`cathode-ray oscilloscope.
`marker pip—The inverted V (A) or spot of light
`used as a frequency index mark in cathode-ray oscil-
`loscopes for alignment of TV sets. It
`is produced by
`coupling a fixed-frequency oscillator to the output of a
`sweep-driven signal generator.
`marker thread—A colored thread laid parallel and
`adjacent to the strands of an insulated conductor that iden-
`tifies the wire manufacturer and often the specification
`under which the wire was constructed.
`marking‘and-spacing intervals—In telegraphy,
`the intcrveis corresponding to the closed and open posi-
`tions. respectively, of the originating transmitting con-
`tacts.
`marking bias—Bias that affects the results in the
`same direction they are affected by marking current.
`marking current—The magnitude and polarity of
`line current when the receiving mechanism is in the
`operated condition.
`marking pulse—The signal interval during which
`the selector unit of a teletypewriter is operated.
`marking wave—Also called keying wave. In teleg-
`raphy, the emission while the active portions of the code
`characters are being transmitted.
`5
`mark sense— 1. To mark a position on a punch card,
`using a special pencil that leaves an electrically conduc-
`tive deposit for later conversion to machine punching.
`2. A mechanized technique of punching data into com-
`puter cards. A graphite line positioned on the card is read
`electronically and converted into holes by special equip-
`ment.
`mark-sense card—A card designed to permit data
`to be entered on it Willi an electrographic pencil.
`mark sensing—A technique for detecting special
`pencil marks entered in special places on a card and
`automatically translating the marks into punched holes.
`mark-to-space transition—The change from a
`
`marking impulse to a spacing impulse.
`‘
`marshalling sequence—See collating sequence, 1.
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