WILEY ELECTRICAL AND
`ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
`DICTIONARY
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`SEP 29 2015
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`Steven M. Kaplan
`Lexicographer
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`Were CAS
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`LIBRARY
`PE
`1211 AVEOe GRAY LLP
`NEw Von
`F THE AMER|
`212-596-3000
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`IEEE
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`IEEE PRESS
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`AY)WILEY-
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`INTERSCIENCE
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`A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION
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`opyright © 2004 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
`Published byJahnWiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.
`* Published sitnbltaneously in Canada.
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`
`Kaplan, StevenM.
`Wiley Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dictionary
`ISBN 0-47 1-40224-9
`
`Printed in the United States ofAmerica:
`
`10987654321
`
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`mark-to-space ratio
`
`454
`
`mark-to-space ratio Same as mark-spaceratio,
`marker 1. Same as mark (1). 2, Same as mark (2). 3. That
`which serves to make a mark (1) or mark (2). 4. On the
`screen ofanoscilloscope, a pip which serves to identify a
`teference frequency.
`marker beacon 1. A beacon which radiates a specific pattern
`vertically, and which serves to provide positional informa-
`tion to aircraft. Used, for instance, in an instrument landing
`system. 2. A low-powered beacon which assists marine or
`aeronautical navigation.
`marker frequency A frequency which serves to distinguish,
`indicate, or identify. For example, that which indicates the
`upperend of a frequency band,
`marker generator 1. A radio-frequency generator, such as an
`oscillator, which generates markers (4).
`2. A radio-
`frequency generator, such as an oscillator, which generates
`reference pulses, such as those of a specific frequency, dura-
`tion, or amplitude,
`Markoy model A mannerof Tepresenting the associations
`between data elements utilizing probability. Used exten-
`sively in voice recognition software.
`markup language A language, such as HTML or XML,
`utilized for transforming unformatted text
`into structured
`documents by inserting hyperlinks, tags, and other display
`and formatting instructions.
`marquee
`In computer graphics, a dotted line that frames a
`selected object, such as a picture, When the dots ofsaid line
`move orflash, also called marching ants,
`Marx generator A device which charges multiple capacitors
`in parallel,
`then discharges them in series, usually using
`spark gaps. Each discharge produces a high-voltage pulse,
`maser Abbreviation of microwave amplification. by stimu-
`lated emission of radiation. A device whose operationis
`similar to that of a laser, and which is utilized to amplify or
`generate coherent microwaveradiation, Examples include
`gas andsolid-state masers, Used, for instance, in communi-
`cations, radio astronomy, radars, and as time and frequency
`standards,
`mask 1. An object, stencil, or other device whichis applied or
`placed upon a surface, so as to permit the selective passing
`of particles, beams, rays, substances, and so on, to form any
`desired patterns,
`2, The use of a mask (1) to selectively
`shield portions of semiconductor wafers, or other materials,
`during manufacturing, Used, for instance,in lithography. 3, In
`a picture tube with a three-color gun,a grill with round holes
`that is placed behind the screen to make sure that each color
`beamstrikes the correct phosphordot on said screen.
`It in-
`Sures, for instance,
`that the electron beam intended for the
`ted phosphor dots only hits those. Also called aperture
`mask, or shadow mask. 4. To obscure a signal or sound
`with a stronger one, 5. A pattern ofbits or characters which
`determines whether anotherset of bits or characters will be
`selected,
`transmitted, changed, or discarded,
`6. A frame
`which servesto conceal the edges of a CRT.
`mask bit A bit which determines if a Corresponding bit will
`be selected, transmitted, changed, or discarded,
`maskable interrupt An interrupt which can be disabled by
`another interrupt. Such an interrupt may occur,for instance,
`when a there is a serious problem, or if given task or pro-
`gram needs the undivided attention of the CPU, A non-
`maskable interrupt is one which can not be disabled in this
`manner.
`
`masking 1. The use of a mask, 2, The amount by which the
`
`threshold of hearing a soundis increased due to the presence
`of another, obscuring sound. The level of masking is usu-
`ally expressed in decibels. Algo called masking effect (1),
`audio masking, or aural masking, 3, The manner in which
`signal, property, or phenomenon is obscured by another.
`
`mass Stop, a 4
`ae
`:
`:
`Also, the extent to which this occurs. Also called mas, 4
`ony
`effect (2).
`masking effect 1. Same as masking (2). 2. Same as Maske
`(3).
`inp
`masking sound An obscuring sound whose Presence }, a
`the threshold ofhearing ofanother, desired sound, The led %
`of maskingis usually expressedin decibels.
`“vel
`masonite A hard board made from pressed wooq fi
`os
`berg
`Used, for instance, as a pane! upon whichelectri
`nents may be mounted,
`cal comp
`be eal
`masquerade To attemptto deceive and/or harm by Abpearin
`aS someone or something else. For example,to send emit
`with thefrom field using the name ofanother Person or je nt
`tity, or the manner in which a Trojan horse can appearto ia
`a harmless program.
`oF
`
`mass
`1. The quantity of patter in a body or medium, Th
`mass of a body makes it resist acceleration, and Bives it
`gravitational attraction.
`Its SI unit is the kilogram, aNd jeg
`symbol is m. The weight (1) of an object varies dependin
`on the gravitational force exerted upon it, while its Mags
`
`does not,
`2. A piven body of matter. 3. A large or Very
`large amount. 4. The principal part ofsomething,
`
`mass absorption coefficient For given material of Medium
`the linear absorption coefficient divided by the density gf
`said material or medium,
`mass conservation A law which states that Mass, or matter,
`cannat be cannot be created nor destroyedin an isolated 5Yge
`\
`tem. For instance, the mass remains constant when a sub.
`stance changes form a solid to a gas in an isolated system,
`This law does not always hold true when dealing with sub.
`atomic particles. Also called matter conservation, consere
`vation of mass, or law of mass conservation.
`mass-energy equation A fundamental formula for the inter. 7
`conversion of mass and energy.
`It is E = me’, where Fis” J
`energy, m is mass, and c is the speed oflight in a vacuum),
`Also called Einstein mass-energyrelation.
`mass memory Same as mass storage (1).
`mass number The number of Protons and neutrons in the
`nucleus of an atom. For example, the mass numberoffhe
`most common isotope of carbon is 12, as it has 6 protons ©
`and 6 neutrons.
`Its symbol is A, Also called nucleon num-—
`ber,
`i
`mass spectrograph A mass spectrometerin which the detec-
`tor is a photographic plate, Also called mass spectroscope —
`(2).
`‘@
`mass spectrometer An instrament which identifies ions based
`ontheir charge-to-mass ratio,
`In it, the sample to be ana-
`lyzed is vaporized, placed in a vacuum, ionized by an eles ~
`tron beam, accelerated by an electric field,
`then deflected
`into a curved path by a magnetic field. The amount of de-
`flection of any given ion will dependonits charpe-to-mass ae
`ratio, so each different species is separated according to its 7
`mass. A detector records the distribution of each of the |
`masses, each producing its characteristic peaks, Widely ulil-
`ized to analyze elements’ and compounds. Also called mass —
`spectroscope (1).
`Its abbreviation is MS.
`a
`mass spectrometry The use of a mass spectrometer for7
`analysis.
`Its abbreviation is MS,
`‘
`mass spectroscope 1. Same as mass Spectrometer, 2, Same
`as mass spectrograph.
`mass spectroscopy Theuse of a mass spectrometerto obtain
`atomic and molecular spectrums. Its abbreviation is MS.
`
`mass spectrum The display, plot, or other visual output pro-
`duced whenutilizing mass spectrometry.
`mass storage 1. An external storage medium, such as a dis¢
`or tape, which holds a large amount of data, especially when
`compared to that which can be placed in the computer's —
`
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