`
`McGRAW-HILL
`ELECTRONICS
`DICTIONARY
`
`SIXTH EDITION
`
`NEIL SCLATER
`JOHN MARKUS
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`McGraw-Hill
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`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Sclater, Neil.
`McGraw-Hill electronics dictionary / Neil Sclater, John Markus. —
`6th ed.p.
`cm.
`Markus’ name appearsfirst on the earlier edition.
`Includes index.
`ISBN 0-07-057837-0
`1. Electronics—Dictionaries,
`IL. ‘Title.
`TK7804.M354
`1997
`621.38/03—de21
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`I. Markus, John, 193 1-
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`97-16168CIP
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`Copyright © 1997, 1994, 1978, 1945 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All rights reserved.
`Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the
`United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be
`reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data
`base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the pub-
`lisher, Copyright © 1966, 1960 under the title Electronics and Nucleontes
`Dictionary. All rights reserved.
`
`234567890 DOC/DOC 90210987
`
`ISBN 0-07-057837-0
`
`The sponsoring editorfor this book was Steve Chapman,the editing
`supervisor was M.R, Carey, and the production supervisor was Clare
`Stanley. It was set in Times Roman by North Market Street Graphics,
`Printed and bound by R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company.
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`Informationcontainedin this work has been obtained by MeGraw-Hill, Inc. from
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`sources believed to be reliable, However, neither McGraw-Hill nor its authors
`guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein and
`neither McGraw-Hill norits authorsshall be responsible for any errors, omissions,
`or damagesarising out of use of this information. This work is published with the
`understanding that McGraw-Hill andits authors are supplying information but
`are not attempting to render engineering or other professional services. If such
`services are required, the assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought.
`
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`Mars Global Surveyor
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`MOLECULES:
`
`VACUUM
`PUMP
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`MICROWAVE
`CAVITY
`
`Maserthat uses ammoniaas its parametric material.
`
`mask 1. A transparent (glass or quartz) plate covered with
`opaque patterns that define the size and shape of inte-
`prated-circuit elements at one level of fabrication. Exam-
`ples include wells, emitters, gates, drains, and channels.
`Selected areas of a photoresist-coated wafer are exposed to
`ultraviolet light to define the areas to be etched. Opaque
`mask areas can be formed from deposited chrome, iron
`oxide, or silicon. As many as 20 successively registered
`masks might be used to make an IC.
`2, A transparent
`(glass or plastic) plate with opaque emulsion forming a
`stencil for defining conductors, pads, ground planes, and
`contactsin printed-circuit board manufacture, Light passing
`through the mask exposes the pattern onto a photoresist-
`coated circuit board, Exposed photoresist is chemically
`removed,and the pattern that remains defines the copper-
`clad areas to be removedbyacid etch. See lithographic.
`masking
`1. The amount the threshold of audibility of a
`soundis raised by the presence of another sound. The unit
`
`n n n I
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`ry
`a
`obey
`re:
`My
`Mars Global Surveyor A spacecraft thatis to go into orbit
`customarily used is the decibel.
`It
`is also called audi
`around Mars anduseabattery of six instruments to scan
`masking and aural masking.
`2. A programmed progq
`dure for eliminating radar coverage in areas where stteh
`the planet’s surface for a full Martian year (about two
`earth years), seeking evidence of past or present water and
`transmissions cam be useful to the enemy for DAVgation
`life forms.
`purposes, by weakening the beamin those directions, o; by
`Mars Pathfinder Lander A spacecraft that will fly directly
`using additional transmitters on the same frequency 4,
`to Mars and landonits surface to transmit images of the
`suitable sites to interfere with homing.
`3. Applying 5
`Martianterrain with a color TV camera.It will monitor the
`covering or coating on a semiconductor surface to Provide
`Martian weather and deploy a small roving unit that will
`amasked areafor seleclive deposition or etching.
`4, The
`explore the terrain and sample rocks and soil.
`use of tones, noise, music, or other soundsto hide or mys,
`a clear signal
`for secrecy purposes. The masking sipngy
`maser [microwave amplification by stimulated emission] A
`microwave amplifier that amplifies by stimulating atoms or
`must be available at the receiving terminal for subtraction
`.
`molecules to an unstable higher energy level. A microwave
`leaving the desired signal.
`mask programming A factory method for custom finishing
`inputsignal interacts with the atoms or molecules to stimu-
`late the emission of excess energy at the same frequency
`semiconductor read-only memories (ROM), by applying ane
`and phaseasthe stimulating wave, thus providing coherent
`or more metallized film layers by mask-and-elch Processing
`with a custom mask. By contrast,field-programmable ROM,
`amplification at a wavelength determined by the dimen-
`such as a PROM, EPROM, EEPROM,andflasharefielq_
`sions of the cavity or resonant structure, The application of
`programmed with special equipment that organizes the
`external energy required for amplification oroscillation is
`memorycells by selective voltage application.
`called pumping. The radiated energy greatly exceeds the
`mask-programmed read-only memary [ROM] A read.
`energy level of the pumpingsignal. There are three types:
`only memory in which a mask produces the metallized
`gas, solid state, and traveling wave. Ammonia atoms or
`molecules are the parametric material in beam-type gas
`interconnection pattern corresponding to the desired per.
`manently stored program ordata.
`maser oscillators. Solid-state masers depend on the elec-
`mass
`‘The quantity of matter in a body. Mass is a measure
`trons of parametric atomsor molecules. There are two- and
`of inertia and determinesresistance to acceleration inde-
`three-level solid-state masers. Masers can function as low-
`pendently of gravitational force, whereas weight is the
`noise preamplifiers for very weak signals in radio astron-
`force exerted by a body underthe influenceof gravity ata
`omy or long-distance radar, and as time and frequency
`standards. The stimulated emission principles of the maser
`particular location.
`mass conversion factor Afomic mass conversion factor.
`apply in the visible light and infrared regions, where the
`mass-energy equation The equation developed by Albert
`equivalent deviceis the laser.
`Einstein for interconversion of mass and energy, written as
`INPUT
`OUIPUT
`E =mc’, whereEis the energy in ergs, m is mass in grams,
`
`|
`WAVEGUIDES —
`andcis the velocity oflight in centimeters per second.
`mass memory A large-capacity magnetic memory disk or
`memory system consisting of multiple parallel Winchester-
`style hard disks for mainframe computers or supercom-
`puters.
`mass migration Metallic erosion that occurs whena high
`current density is passed through a conductor that has a
`small cross-sectional area, such as the conductors in inte-
`grated circuits.
`mass spectrograph A mass spectrometer that provides a
`permanentrecordof the mass spectrum lines of a material
`on a photographic plate.
`mass spectrometer A spectrometer that analyzes a sub-
`stance in terms of the ratios of mass to charge of its com-
`ponents. A gas or a compound in the vapor state is
`bombardedby electrons, and the resulting ions are accel-
`erated and separated according to their mass-to-charge
`ratios, in the most common type, combined electric and
`magnetic fields deflect the ions of the substance andfocus
`each type in tum on an outputelectrode for detection and
`measurement.In another type, sorting of ions is based on
`the time offlight of the ions through a drift tube during
`acceleration by electric fields,
`mass storage Mass memory.
`mast A vertical metal pole that acts as an antenna or
`antenna support.
`master
`1, The negative metal counterpart of a disk
`recording, produced by electroforming as onestep in the
`production of phonograph records.
`2. Master station.
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