©IEEE
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`Published by
`Standards Information Network
`IEEE Press
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`Page 1 of 5
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`HTC EXHIBIT 1011
`
`HTC EXHIBIT 1011
`
`Page 1 of 5
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`

`

`IEEE believes the information in tltis publication is accurate as of its publication date; such information is subject
`to change without notice. IEEE is not responsible for any inadvertent errors.
`‘
`
`Other tradenames and trademarks in this document are those of their respective owners.
`
`The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Inc.
`3 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10016-5997, USA
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`Copyright © 2000 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published
`December 2000. Printed in the United States of America.
`
`No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without
`the prior written permission of the publisher.
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`To order IEEE Press publications, call 1-800-678-IEEE.
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`Print: ISBN 0-7381-2601-2
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`SFJIZ2
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`See other standards and standards-related product listings at: http://standards.ieee.org/
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`The publisher believes that the information and guidance given in this work serve as an enhancement to users,
`all parties must rely upon their own skill and judgement when making use of it. The publisher does not assume
`any liability to anyone for any loss or damage caused by any error or omission in the work, whether such error
`or omission is the result of negligence or any other cause. Any and all such liability is disclaimed.
`
`This work is published with the understanding that the IEEE is supplying information through this publication,
`not attempting to render engineering or other professional services. If such services are required, the assistance
`of an appropriate professional should be sought. The IEEE is not responsible for the statements and opinions
`advanced in this publication.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`IEEE 100 : the authoritative dictionary of IEEE standards terms.——7th ed.
`p. cm.
`ISBN 0-7381-2601-2 (paperback 2 alk. paper)
`1. Electric engineering—Dictio11aries. 2. E1ectronics—Dictiona1ies. 3. Computer
`engineering—Dictionaries. 4. Electric engineering—Acror1yms. 5. Electronics-—Acr0nyms.
`6. Computer engi11eering—Acronyms. I. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
`
`TK9 .128 2000
`621.3 '03—dc21
`
`00—05060l
`
`Page 2 of 5
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`

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`converse preorder traversal The process of traversing a binary
`tree in a recursive fashion as follows: the root is visited, then
`the right subtree is traversed, then the left subtree is traversed.
`Contrast." converse lnorder traversal; converse postorder tra-
`versal. See also: preorder traversal.
`(C) 610.5-l990w
`conversion (1) (software) Modification of existing software to
`enable it to operate with similar functional capability in a
`different environment; for example, converting a program
`from Fortran to Ada, converting a program that runs on one
`computer to run on another.
`(C) 6l0.l2—l990
`(2) A general term covering the process of altering existing
`power switchgear equipment.
`(SWG/PE) C37.lOO-1992
`(3) The process of altering existing power switchgear equip-
`ment from the original manufacturers design.
`(SWG/PE) C37.59—l996
`conversion efficiency (1) (electrical conversion) In alte1T1ating-
`current to direct-current conversion equipment, the ratio of
`the product of output direct—current and voltage to input watts
`expressed in percent. Note:
`It reflects altemating—current
`power capacity required for a given voltage and current out-
`put and does not necessarily reflect watts lost.
`
`=
`
`(100 percent)
`
`(AES) [41]
`(2) (overall) (photoelectric converter) The ratio of available
`power output to total incident radiant power in the active area
`for photovoltaic operation. Note: This depends on the spectral
`distribution of the source and junction temperature. See also:
`semiconductor.
`(AES) [41]
`(3) (klystron oscillator) The ratio of the high-frequency out-
`put power to the direct—current power supplied to the beam.
`See also: velocity-modulated tube.
`(Stdl00) [84]
`(4) (solar cells) The ratio of the solar cell’s available power
`output (at a specified voltage) to the total incident radiant
`power. The cell active area shall he used in this calculation;
`that is, ohmic Contact (but no grid lines) areas on the irradiated
`side shall be deducted from the total irradiated cell area to
`determine active area. The spectral distribution of the source
`and the junction temperature must be specified.
`(AES/SS) 307-l969w
`conversion factor See: calibration factor.
`conversion loss (nonlinear, active, and nonreciprocal wave-
`guide components) In a frequency converter (mixer), the ra-
`tio of the output power at the converted frequency to the
`available input power at the signal frequency; often expressed
`in decibels.
`(MTT) 457-1982w
`conversion rate (A) (hybrid computer linkage components)
`(analog-to-digital converter) The maximum rate at which
`the start conversion commands can be applied to the con-
`verter, to which the converter will respond by providing the
`desired signal at
`the output
`to within a given accuracy.
`(B) (analog-to-digital converter With multiplexor with
`sample and hold) The maximum rate at which the start sam-
`ple commands can be applied to the system to which the
`system will respond by providing the desired signal at the
`output to within a given accuracy. (Pre—selected channel).
`(C)
`I66-1977
`conversion time (A) (hybrid computer linkage components)
`(analog-to-digital converter) That time required from the
`instant at which a conversion command is received and a final
`digital representation is available for external output to within
`a given accuracy.
`(B) (analog-to-digital converter with
`multiplexor with sample and hold) That time required from
`the time at which a sample command is received and a final
`digital representation is available for external output to within
`a given accuracy. (Pre-selected channel).
`(C) 166-1977
`conversion transconductance (heterodyne conversion trans-
`ducer) The quotient of (l) the magnitude of the desired out-
`put-frequency component of currents by (2) the magnitude of
`the input-frequency (signal) component of voltage when the
`impedance of the output external termination is negligible for
`
`all of the frequencies that may affect the result. Note: Unless
`otherwise stated, the term refers to the cases in which the
`input-frequency voltage is of infinitesimal magnitude. All di-
`rect electrode voltages, and the magnitude of the local-oscil-
`lator voltage, must remain constant. See also: transducer;
`modulation.
`(ED) l6l-l97lw
`conversion transducer (1) (general) A transducer in which the ‘
`signal undergoes frequency conversion. Note: The gain or
`loss of a conversion transducer is specified in terms of the
`useful signal. See also: transducer.
`(PE/EEC) [1 l9]
`(2) An electric transducer in which the input and the output
`frequencies are different. Note.‘ If the frequency-changing
`property of a conversion transducer depends upon a generator
`of frequency different from that of the input or output fre-
`quencies, the frequency and voltage or power of this generator
`are parameters of the conversion transducer. See also: het-
`erodyne conversion transducer.
`(ED) l6l-l97lw
`conversion voltage gain (conversion transducer) The ratio of
`the magnitude of the output-frequency voltage across the out— _
`put termination, with the transducer inserted between the in-
`put-frequency generator and the output terminatiolf’ to the
`magnitude of the input-frequency voltage across the input ter-
`mination of the transducer.
`(ED) [45]
`convert (data processing) To change the representation of data
`from one form to another, for example, to change numerical
`data from binary to decimal or from cards to tape.
`(C) [20]. [85]
`converter (1) (general) A machine or device for changing al-
`ternating—current power to direct-current power or vice versa.
`(PE) [9]
`(A) (heterodyne reception) (frequency converter) The
`(2)
`portion of the receiver that converts the incoming signal to
`the intermediate frequency. (B) (data transmission) A device
`for changing one form of information language to another, so
`as to render the language acceptable to a different machine
`(that is, card to tape conversion).
`(PE) 599-1985
`(3) (facsimile) A device that changes the type of modulation.
`See also: facsimile.
`(COM)
`l68—l956w
`(4) A network or device for changing the form of information
`or energy.
`(IA/ICTL/APP/IAC) [69], [60]
`(5) (test measurement and diagnostic equipment) A device
`that changes the manner of representing information from one
`form to another.
`(MIL) [2]
`(6) A device that changes electrical energy from one fonn to
`another, as from alternating current to direct current.
`(NESC/NEC) [86]
`(7) A device that changes electrical energy from one form to
`another. A semiconductor converter is a converter that uses
`semiconductors as the active elements in the conversion pro-
`cess.
`(IA/SPC) 519-1992
`(8) A machine or device for changing dc power to ac power,
`for changing ac power to dc power, or for changing from one
`frequency to another. This definition covers several different
`power conversion functions, each of which is known by a
`separate term. See also: dc-dc converter; frequency converter,
`inverter; rectifier.
`(PEL/ET) 388—l992r
`(9) A device capable of converting impulses from one mode ‘
`to another, such as analog to digital, parallel to serial, or from
`one code to another. See also: code converter; digital-to-an-
`alog converter; power supply.
`(C) 610.10-l994W
`(10) (self-commutated converters)
`(ac adjustable-speed
`drives) An operative unit for electronic power conversion,
`comprising one or more electronic switching devices and any
`associated components, such as transformers, filters, com-
`mutation aids, controls, and auxiliaries. Synonym: converter
`equipment.
`(IA/SPC/ID) 936-l987w, 995—l987w
`(11) A type of repeater that converts the data signal from one
`media to another.
`(C/LM) 8802-5-1998
`converter, analog-to-digital See: analog~to-digital converter.
`converter, digital-to-analog See: digital-to-analog converter.
`converter equipment See: converter.
`converter, reversible power See: reversible power converter.
`
`Page 3 of 5
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`

`

`which highpriority processes or those requiring user inter-
`action are executed. Contrast: background. See also: fore-
`ground processing.
`(C) 610.12-1990
`foreground image The part of a display image that can be mod-
`ified. Contrast: background image.
`(C) 6l0.6—l991w
`foreground job See: foreground process group.
`foreground process A process that is a member of a foreground
`process group.
`(C/PA) 9945-1-1996, 9945-2-1993, 1003.5-1999
`foreground process group [foreground job] A process group
`whose member processes have certain privileges, denied to
`processes in background process groups, when accessing their
`controlling terminal. Each session that has established a con-
`nection with a controlling terminal has exactly one process
`group of the session as the foreground process group of that
`controlling terminal. Synonym: foreground process group.
`(C/PA) 9945-1-1996, 9945-2-1993
`foreground process group (1) A process group whose member
`processes have certain privileges, denied to processes in back-
`ground process groups, when accessing their controlling ter-
`minal. Each session that has established a connection with a
`controlling terminal has exactly one process group of the ses-
`sion as the foreground process group of that controlling ter-
`minal. Synonym.‘ foreground process group,
`(C/PA) 9945-1-1996, 9945—2—l993
`(2) A group of processes that have certain privileges, denied
`to processes in background process groups, when accessing
`their controlling terminal. Each session that has established a
`connection with a controlling terminal has exactly one pro-
`cess group of the session as the foreground process group of
`that controlling terminal.
`(C) 1003.5—1999
`foreground process group ID The process group ID of the
`foreground process group.
`(C/PA) 10035-1999, 9945-1-1996
`foreground processing The execution of a high-priority process
`while lower—priority processes await the availability of com-
`puter resources, or the execution of processes that require user
`interaction. Contrast: background processing.
`(C) 610.12—1990
`foreign area (telephone switching systems) A numbering plan
`area other than the one in which the calling customer is lo-
`cated.
`(COM) 3l2—l977w
`foreign data dictionary A data dictionary developed by a non-
`Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) community.
`(SCC32) 1489-1999
`foreign data source A data dictionary or message set developed
`by a non-ITS community.
`(SCC32) 1488-2000
`foreign exchange An exchange that connects a customer’s lo-
`cation to a remote customer.
`(C) 6107-1995
`foreign exchange circuit A circuit that provides foreign ex-
`change service. See also: dial-up circuit; simplex circuit; four-
`wire circuit; two—wire circuit; leased circuit.
`
`(C) 6l0.7—l995
`foreign exchange line (1) (data transmission) A subscriber
`line by means of which service is furnished to a subscriber at
`his request from an exchange other than the one from which
`service would normally be furnished.
`(PE) 599—1985w
`(2) (telephone switching systems) A loop form an exchange
`other than the one from which service would normally be
`furnished.
`(COM) 312-1977w
`foreign exchange service A service that provides a connection
`between a customer and a central office other than the one
`that serves the exchange area in which the customer is lo-
`cated.
`(C) 6lO.7—1995
`foreign key (1) (A) An attribute that is a primary key, not to
`the record it is in, but to some related record. (B) In a rela-
`tional data model, nonptime attributes of some relation that
`is defined on the same domain as a prime attribute of another
`relation,
`(C) 6105-1990
`
`category entity instance whose values match those in the pri-
`mary key of a related parent or generic entity instance. A _
`foreign key results from the migration of the parent or generic
`entity’s piirnary key through a generalization structure or a
`relationship.
`(C/SE) 1320.2-1998
`foreign potential Any voltage and resultant current imposed on '
`telecommunications plant or equipment that is not supplied
`from the central office or from telecommunications equip
`ment.
`(IA/PSE) 1100-1999 A
`forensic engineering The application of engineering knowledge _
`to questions of law affecting life and property.
`(SWG/PE) C37.10-1995 .
`(C) 610.5—l99()w
`
`forest A set of disjoint trees.
`forestalling switch See: acknowledger.
`For Exposition Only page A model page that contains pictorial
`and graphical information (in contrast to text) about a specific
`diagram. Unlike a diagram, the contents of a For Exposition
`Only page (FEO page) need not comply with IDEFO rules.
`(C/SE) 1320.1-1998
`fork See: branch.
`fork beat See: carrier beat.
`form (1) Any article, such as a printing plate, that is used as a
`pattern to be reproduced.
`(EEC/PE) [119]
`(2) A medium, sometimes preprinted, on which information
`is to be printed or plotted, See also: form feed; printed card
`form; index hole; continuous form.
`(C) 6l0.10—1994w
`FORMAC See: FORmula Manipulation Compiler; FORn1ula
`Manipulation Language.
`formalization The precise description of the semantics of a lan-
`guage in tenns of a formal language such as first order logic.
`(C/SE) 1320.2-1998
`formal language (software) A language whose rules are ex-
`plicitly established prior to its use. Examples include pro-
`gramming languages and mathematical languages. Contrast:
`natural language.
`(C) 6l0.l2—1990, 6l0.l3—l993w
`formal logic The study of the structure and form of valid ar-
`gument without regard to the meaning of the terms in the
`argument,
`(C) [20], [85]
`formal parameter (software) A variable used in a software
`module to represent data or program elements that are to be
`passed to the module by a calling module. Contrast: argu-
`ment.
`(C) 610.12-1990
`formal qualification review (FQR) The test, inspection, or an-
`alytical process by which a group of configuration items com-
`prising a system are verified to have met specific contractual
`performance requirements. Contrast: requirements review;
`test readiness review; design review; code review.
`(C) 610.12-1990
`formal specification (A) (software) A specification written
`and approved in accordance with established standards;
`(B) (software) A specification written in a formal notation,
`often for use in proof of correctness.
`(C) 610.12-1990
`formal testing (software) Testing conducted in accordance
`with test plans and procedures that have been reviewed and
`approved by a customer, user, or designated level of man-
`agement. Contrast: informal testing.
`(C) 610.12-1990
`formal test specification A specification of the assertion test
`using a formal method specified by the test method specifi-
`cation. The test method specification shall specify whether
`the formal test specification is normative or informative.
`(C/PA) 2003-1997
`format (1) (computers) The general order in which information ,
`appears on the input medium.
`(2) (data transmission) Arrangement of code characters
`(COM) [49]
`within a group, such as 21 block or message.
`(3) Physical arrangement of possible locations of holes or
`magnetized areas. See also; address format.
`(MAG/EEC) 296—l969w, [74]
`(4) (data management) The arrangement, order, or layout of ‘
`data in or on a data medium. See also: variable format; fixed f
`format.
`(C) 610.5-l990w -
`
`_
`
`Page 4 of 5
`
`

`

`alues match those in the pri-
`r generic entity instance. A
`ation of the parent or generic
`generalization structure or a
`(C/SE) 1320.2-1998
`resultant current imposed on
`uipment that is not supplied
`telecommunications equip-
`(IA/PSE) 1100-1999
`on of engineering knowledge
`: and property.
`(SWG/PE) C37.l0—l995
`(C) 610.5—1990w
`
`dger.
`el page that contains pictorial
`ntrast to text) about a specific
`contents of a For Exposition
`comply with IDEFO rules.
`(C/SE) 1320.1-1998
`
`inting plate, that is used as a
`(EEC/PE) [119]
`rinted, on which information
`also: form feed; printed card
`-rm.
`(C) 610.10-1994w
`rulation Compiler; FORmula
`
`tion of the semantics of a lan-
`uage such as first order logic.
`(C/SE) 1320.2-1998
`anguage whose rules are ex-
`use. Examples include pro-
`zmatical languages. Contrast:
`610.12-1990, 610.13-1993w
`ructure and form of valid ar-
`meaning of the terms in the
`(C) [20], [85]
`. variable used in a software
`Jgrarn elements that are to be
`ling module. Contrast: argu-
`(C) 610.12-1990
`R) The test, inspection, or an-
`rp of configuration items com-
`have met specific contractual
`mtrast: requirements review;
`:view; code review.
`(C) 610.12-1990
`vare) A specification written
`with established standards.
`1 written in a formal notation,
`zmess.
`(C) 610.12-1990
`ing conducted in accordance
`. that have been reviewed and
`, or designated level of man-
`:sting.
`(C) 61012-1990
`cification of the assertion test
`ed by the test method specifi-
`fication shall specify whether
`normative or informative.
`(C/PA) 2003-1997
`eral order in which information
`
`lngement of code characters
`k or message.
`(COM) [49]
`possible locations of holes or
`ldress format.
`(MAG/EEC) 296—l969w, [74]
`rrangement, order, or layout of
`fee also: variable format; fixed
`(C) 610.5—1990w
`
`storage medium, file, field, or page of text. (B) To establish
`or change the structure or appearance of an object as in def-
`inition (A). See also: high—level format; low—1evel format.
`(C) 61010-1994
`format character A control character used to control a printer.
`(C) 610.5—1990w
`format classification (numerically controlled machines) A
`means, usually in an abbreviated notation, by which the mo-
`tions, dimensional data, type of control system, number of
`digits, auxiliary functions, etc., for a particular system can be
`denoted.
`(MAG/EEC) 296-l969w, [74]
`format detail (numerically controlled machines) Describes
`specifically which words and of what length are used by a
`specific system in the format classification.
`(IA) [61], [84]
`format effector character Any control chzmacter used to con-
`trol the positioning of printed, displayed, or recorded data.
`Synonym: layout character. See also: backspace character.
`(C) 610.5-l990w
`formation lights (illuminating engineering) A navigation light
`especially provided to facilitate formation flying.
`(EEC/IE) [126]
`formation voltage The final impressed voltage at which the film
`is formed on the valve metal in an electrochemical valve. See
`also: electrochemical valve.
`(EEC/PE) [119]
`format status line A line displayed by many word processing
`systems that shows the cunent setting of text formatting pa-
`rameters such as tabulation stops and margin positions.
`(C) 6102-1987
`formatted (A) Pertaining to magnetic media, such as tapes or
`diskettes, that have been initialized and prepared to accept
`and store data. (B) Pertaining to text that has been organized
`into a particular arrangement for output or display.
`(C) 6102-1987
`formatted information Information that has been arranged into
`discrete units and structures in a manner that facilitates its
`access and processing. Contrast: narrative information.
`(C) 610.5-l990w
`form C converter A single converter unit in which the direct
`current can flow in one direction only and which is capable
`of inverting energy from the load to the ac supply.
`(IA/ID) 995-1987w
`form designation (watthour meter) An alphanumeric desig-
`nation denoting the circuit arrangement for which the meter
`is applicable and its specific terminal arrangement. The same
`designation is applicable to equivalent meters of all manu-
`facturers.
`(ELM) Cl2.1-19825
`formed character printer A printer in which each character is
`a fully formed entity on a slug, drum, mask or other medium.
`Contrast: dot matrix printer.
`(C) 6l0.l0—l994w
`formette See: form—wound motorette.
`form factor (1) (electric process heating) Coil ratio of con-
`ductor width to turn to turn space. See also: coil shape factor.
`(IA) 54—l955w
`(2) (illuminating engineering) (f1_2) The ratio of the flux
`directly received by surface 2 (and due to lambertian surface v
`1) to the total flux emitted by surface 1. It is used in flux
`transfer theory.
`(EEC/IE) [126]
`(3) (overhead power lines) (dc electric-field strength and
`ion-related quantities) An empirical parameter representing
`the increased electric field at the surface of a dc field meter
`that is mounted above the ground plane. The increased field
`is due to field perturbation by the instrument. In a uniform
`field, the unperturbed electric field is given by the measured
`field divided by the form factor for the instrument.
`(T&D/PE) 539-1990, 1227—1990r
`(4) (of a periodic function) (1ff)The ratio of the nns value to
`the average absolute value ff = yum/yAAV.
`(PE/PS]_1Vl) 120—1989r
`(5) (periodic function) The ratio of the root square value to
`the average absolute value, averaged over a full period of the
`function.
`(IA/PSE) 1100-1999
`
`that printing should start on the next page of an output device.
`The (:‘orm—feed) shall be the character designated by '\:"
`in the C—language binding. If (iorm-feed) is not the first
`character of an output line, the result is unspecified. It is un-
`specified whether this character is the exact sequence trans-
`mitted to an output device by the system to accomplish the
`movement to the next page.
`(C/PA) 99/15-2-1993
`form feed A command or signal sent to a printer to instruct it
`to eject the current page and go to the top of the next page.
`See also: tractor feed.
`(C) 6l0.l0-l994W
`form feed character (1) A format effector character that causes
`the print or display position to move to the next predetermined
`first line on the next form, the next page, or the equivalent.
`Synonyms: paper throw character; page eject character.
`(C) 610.5—1990w
`(2) A format effector character that instructs a device to move
`to the top of the next page or screen.
`(C) 6l0.10—1994w
`form, fit, and function In configuration management, that con-
`figuration comprising the physical and functional character-
`istics of an item as an entity, but not including any charac-
`teristics of the elements making up the item. See also:
`configurationidentification.
`(C) 6l0.l2—l990
`forming (1) (electrical) (semiconductor devices) The process
`of applying electric energy to a semiconductor device in order
`to modify permanently the electric characteristics. See also:
`semiconductor.
`(IA) [12]
`(2) (semiconductor rectifiers) The electrical or thermal treat-
`ment, or both, of a semiconductor rectifier cell for the purpose
`of increasing the effectiveness of the rectifier junction. See
`also: rcctification.
`(IA) 59-l96Zw, [12]
`(3) (electrochemical) The process that results in a change in
`impedance at the surface of a valve metal to the passage of
`current from metal to electrolyte, when the voltage is first
`applied. See also: electrochemical valve.
`(EEC/PE) [119]
`forming shell A metal structure designed to support a wet—niche
`lighting fixture assembly and intended for mounting in a
`swimming pool structure.
`(NESC/NEC) [86]
`form letter See: iterative document.
`form overlay A pattern used as a background image. For ex-
`ample, drawing format, report form, title block.
`(C) 610.6-l99lw
`FORmula Manipulation Compiler (FORMAC) An extension
`of PL/1 used to perform symbolic manipulation of mathe-
`matical expressions.
`(C) 610.13-l993w
`FORmula Manipulation Language (FORMAC) An extension
`of FORTRAN used to perfonn formal algebraic manipula-
`tions.
`(C) 610.13—1993w
`FORmula TRANslator (FORTRAN (Fortran)) A high-order
`programming language used widely for solving scientific,
`mathematical and numerical problems. Note: At the time that
`this standard was written, FORTRAN 77 and Fortran 90 were
`both accepted IEEE language standards. See also: FGRAAL;
`common language; FOIL; algebraic language; DYNAMO;
`GASP IV.
`(C) 610.13—1993w
`form-Wound (rotating machinery) (performed winding) Ap-
`plied to a winding whose coils are formed essentially to their
`final shape prior to assembly into the machine. See also: sta-
`tor; rotor.
`(PE)
`[9]
`form-Wound motorette (rotating machinery) (formette) A
`motorette for form-wound coils. See also: asynchronous ma-
`chine; direct—current commutating machine.
`(PE)
`[9]
`FORTH A high—order programming language that can be used
`for a wide range of applications due to its ability to be used
`as an interpreter, command language, and even an operating
`system. Note: FORTH is not an acronym. See also: extensible
`language; Polyforth.
`(C) 610.13—1993w
`Forth Word See: command.
`FORTRAN 66 A dialect of FORTRAN developed as a standard
`language in 1966.
`(C) 610.13-l993w
`FORTRAN 77 A dialect of FORTRAN developed as a standard
`language in 1977.
`(C) 610.13—1993w
`
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