Exhibit 2010
`
`Exhibit 2010
`
`

`

`Mobile High-Definition Link (MHL)
`
`Technology White Paper
`
`Introduction
`
`In 2009, five key companies in the consumer electronic and mobile device market started work on a new
`standard and introduced the Mobile High-Definition Link (MHL®) specification version 1.0 in June 2010.
`The purpose of the specification was to transport high-quality uncompressed audio and video from a
`mobile source device to a sink display and at the same time provide power to the device. Since its
`launch, hundreds of millions of MHL products have shipped from more than 200 member companies
`and the technology has been designed beyond mobile devices and HDTVs to also include PC monitors,
`A/V receivers, Blu-ray Disc™ players, projectors, and a number of other device types. This establishes
`MHL as the de facto standard for video and audio output from a mobile device.
`
`In August 2013, the MHL Consortium reached another milestone with the release of the MHL 3.0
`specification, a quantum leap in technology. This version of the specification introduces a significant
`increase in video and audio performance to deliver 4K (Ultra HD), expanded functionalities including
`high speed data transfer and support for the latest content protection protocol, while maintaining
`backward compatibility with earlier versions of the specification. MHL 3.0 is here to meet the complex
`and growing demands of consumers and the industry with ease of implementation to continue to grow
`the product ecosystem.
`
`To date there are three generations of specifications for MHL: MHL 1.x, MHL 2.x and MHL 3.0. This white
`paper provides an overview of the technology to future and existing consumer electronics and mobile
`manufacturers and presents an introduction to the consumer. The available features of all three
`versions of the MHL specification are also discussed to show the evolution of the technology and how
`MHL can benefit both consumers and manufacturers alike.
`
`MHL Technology Overview
`
`Familiar Signaling Technology
`MHL is based on Transition Minimized Differential Signaling (TMDS) technology used in HDMI® and DVI,
`which are popular standards found in the consumer electronics and PC industries. Using a proven
`technology, disruptive issues such as Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) design issues and challenges
`are greatly reduced. The technology similarities also allow for straightforward conversion from MHL to
`HDMI through an adapter, inside a TV or a phone design.
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`October 2013
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`Copyright 2013 MHL, LLC
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`1
`VIS EXHIBIT 2010
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`Page 1 of 8
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`Figure 1. MHL Link Overview
`
`The 5-Pin Solution
`MHL is able to deliver all of its features using only five pins in all three generations of the specification.
`Figure 1 illustrates the five pins and the signals associated with MHL technology. Two of the five pins
`provide charging supply and ground. The charging pin Voltage Bus (VBUS) provides up to 10W of power
`in MHL 3.0 to charge an MHL source (for example a smartphone or tablet) from an MHL sink, such as a
`TV.
`
`While the MHL source is charging, all TMDS signaling is carried on one differential pair. This signal pair
`carries video, audio, control data, and infoframes along with the pixel clock. Before transmission to the
`physical pins, the signals are encrypted with HDCP protocol.
`
`The CBUS pin used in the 5-pin solution is a bi-directional control channel to carry data. Using this pin,
`an MHL source is first able to detect an MHL sink using a combination of impedance checking and
`discovery pulses. Once the MHL source and sink connection is established, this pin is for multiple
`functions including reading EDID data from an MHL sink, reading and writing register settings, and
`sharing device capabilities. In MHL 1.x and MHL 2.x, the speed for this pin is 1Mbps. In MHL 3.0, the
`speed on this single wire is increased to 75Mbps and is able to reach 750Mbps using a differential
`implementation. To support higher than 1080p60 resolutions, MHL 3.0 also uses the CBUS pin to carry
`the pixel clock so that the TMDS pins are dedicated to send the video and audio data signals via the
`
`October 2013
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`Copyright 2013 MHL, LLC
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`2
`
`HDCP
`Encryption
`
`HDCP
`Decyrption
`
`GND
`
`Source
`
`5-pin Link
`
`Sink
`
`Video
`
`Audio
`
`Transmitter
`
`Control / Status
`
`TMDS Channel
`
`CBUS
`
`VBUS
`
`Receiver
`
`Video
`
`Audio
`
`Control / Status
`
`EDID ROM
`
`Capability
`Registers
`
`Capability
`Registers
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`Page 2 of 8
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`TMDS pair. With the increased speed, this pin is able to carry additional data including pixel clock or
`other non-MHL data payload.
`
`Shared Source Connector
`The MHL specification is connector agnostic and as such does not require specific connector usage. Since
`the five pins fit conveniently into a micro-USB and HDMI Type A connector, most MHL source and sinks
`devices use it. CE manufacturers can share signaling with other connectors as long as the MHL
`compliance requirements are met. This pathway provides a cost-effective and space saving solution on
`both MHL sources and sinks by eliminating the requirement for an additional connector dedicated for
`MHL usage.
`
`MHL 3.0 Features and Benefits Upgrade
`
`MHL 3.0 supports all the features of MHL 1.x and 2.x and is guaranteed to be backward compatible with
`the previous specifications. Table 1 provides an up-to-date feature support list for all three existing
`versions of MHL specification. The following benefits are the new advanced features supported by MHL
`3.0.
`
`Support for 4K Ultra HD Resolution
`In addition to the 2D and 3D video resolutions, MHL 3.0 embraces the 4K revolution with the ability to
`display 3840x2160 (4K Ultra HD) 30fps resolution. With Hollywood studios and major consumer
`electronics manufacturers embracing the high-resolution format for upcoming movies and content, MHL
`3.0 devices meet this challenge and support 4K Ultra HD. Consumers will be able to enjoy stunning video
`at the highest resolution using their future-proof MHL 3.0 device.
`
`Higher Charging Power
`Power requirement for mobile devices are increasing as higher powered processors and higher
`resolution screens for mobile phones are designed. To address the higher power requirement for
`smartphones and tablets, MHL 3.0 provides an option for higher power charging than earlier
`generations of MHL. In addition to providing a minimum of 4.5mW charging, sinks can now provide up
`to 10W. This ensures that even when the power hungry smartphone is operational, the battery is not
`depleted and can be charged at a faster rate.
`
`Figure 2. HID Device Support
`
`Figure 3. Automobile console with touch screen and phone
`
`
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`October 2013
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`Copyright 2013 MHL, LLC
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`Support for HID Components and Automobile Usage
`Human Interface Devices (HID) shown in Figure 2 include classes such as mouse, keyboard, touch screen
`display devices and game controllers. With MHL 3.0, consumers will be able to connect their mouse and
`keyboards to their smartphones or tablets and perform productivity tasks that were commonly used
`with their personal computers. With the simple addition of a gaming controller, mobile devices can be
`transformed into gaming consoles.
`
`By adding touch screen support, consumers have the unique ability to use their smartphone in an
`automobile dock where the car console touch screen (Figure 3) can be used to control the smartphone.
`This provides multiple benefits so that the consumer can access the app purchased on their phone,
`listen to their favorite music, and use the most current maps and GPS feature on their phones without
`interruption.
`
`Figure 4. Multi-Display Support
`
`
`
`
`Multi-Display Support
`Consumer expectation and productivity has risen over time and users now expect to be able to connect
`to multiple monitors or displays for additional screen real estate. MHL 3.0 source devices can output to
`four independent displays using the same resolution. This includes the ability to send different audio
`transmission to each attached display. The image or video displayed can come from the master image,
`which can be mapped into the four displays, or each have an independent image that’s unrelated to the
`other.
`
`Content Protection
`All MHL 3.0 devices have built in support for HDCP 2.2, which is the latest and most advanced version of
`the HDCP technology. HDCP 2.2 provides an advanced video and audio encryption with an AES 128-bit
`security encryption. When connected to an MHL 1.x or MHL 2.x device, MHL 3.0 devices are able to
`operate with HDCP 1.4 protocol, ensuring that the consumer viewing experience is uninterrupted. By
`employing the latest entertainment industry encryption standard, consumers using devices with MHL
`3.0 can enjoy unrestricted, premium content including the latest Hollywood movies, television shows
`and music from their favorite artists.
`
`
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`October 2013
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`Copyright 2013 MHL, LLC
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`Blu-ray Multi-Channel Audio Format Support
`MHL 3.0 supports lossless Blu-ray audio formats allowing the transport of up to eight channels of
`lossless Dolby® TrueHD and DTS HD Master audio streams, producing an audio nirvana for consumers.
`This new feature closes the gap between HDMI Blu-ray audio capability and MHL portable sources so
`that consumers do not have to compromise on lower resolution audio from their smartphones or
`tablets.
`
`Extended Color Space
`Extended Gamut YCC (xvYCC) is an enhancement over the standard YCC encoding used in TVs and
`camcorders. With this new standard, consumers are able to view a wider color range up to 1.8 times
`better than the non-enhanced color scheme. MHL 3.0 provides full support for this new standard at the
`hardware level. When an MHL 3.0 source device is connected to an MHL 3.0 sink supporting xvYCC,
`consumers can experience color that’s more true to life.
`
`Table 1. MHL 1.x, 2.x and 3.0 Technology Features Matrix
`
`Features
`
`Guaranteed Charging
`Power
`
`MHL 1.x
`
`2.5W
`
`MHL 2.x
`
`MHL 3.0
`
`4.5W minimum with up to
`7.5W
`
`4.5W minimum with
`up to 10W charging
`
`Remote Control Codes
`(via RCP)
`
`Up to 8 channel Audio
`
`1080p60 Video
`
`HDCP
`
`Bidirectional Data
`(CBUS)
`
`UCP
`
`3D Video Modes
`
`4K Ultra HD 30fps Video
`Modes
`
`High Definition Blu-ray
`Audio
`
`Multi-display Support
`
`xvYCC
`
`HID Support
`
`
`
`√
`
`√
`
`√
`
`1.4
`
`√
`
`√
`
`√
`
`1.4
`
`√
`
`√
`
`√
`
`1.4 and 2.2 (128-bit
`encryption)
`
`√(1Mbps)
`
`√(1Mbps)
`
`√(75Mbps,
`750Mbps)
`
`√
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`√
`
`√
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`√
`
`√
`
`√
`
`√
`
`√
`
`√
`
`√
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`October 2013
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`Copyright 2013 MHL, LLC
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`MHL 1.x and 2.x Features and Benefits
`
`Full HD and 3D Support with Zero Lag
`MHL 1.3 and 2.x supports a multitude of CE friendly video resolutions up to 1080p/60Hz delivering
`uncompressed video playback. Since all video is sent uncompressed there is no lag. This ensures
`support for all HDTVs in the market. Additionally MHL 2.x can support multiple 3D formats to provide
`consumers with a thrilling multidimensional video experience.
`
`Big Screen 3D Experience
`from Mobile Device
`
`
`
`Figure 5. 3D Experience from MHL Source to MHL Sink
`
`Multi-Channel Audio Format Support
`MHL 1.x and 2.x can transport digital audio up to a 192 kHz sampling rate with as many as eight
`channels. With the proper application, users can send multi-channel sound from their MHL phone to an
`MHL A/V receiver or docking station.
`
`Charging Capability
`MHL specifies a minimum amount of power to be delivered through a dedicated five volt wire from an
`MHL sink to source. MHL 1.x requires a minimum of 2.5W, while MHL 2.x raises minimum power supply
`from the MHL sink to 4.5W for more power hungry MHL 2.x sources. By keeping the power on a
`separate wire, charging does not affect signaling and signaling does not affect charging. Guaranteeing a
`minimum charging power makes it easy for the design of source devices. This is especially important for
`devices where operation relies solely on the power delivery of the MHL connection, which includes
`direct-attach sources and other powered accessories.
`
`Mandatory Remote Control Support
`MHL includes a mandatory Remote Control Protocol (RCP) bus of over 80 unique commands. This
`protocol is carried by a parallel bi-directional control channel. MHL source and sink devices are required
`to support a minimum consumer friendly set of remote control codes, which means that users can count
`on this feature to access, playback and navigate content on the MHL source device using the TV remote
`control.
`
`Content Protection
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`October 2013
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`Copyright 2013 MHL, LLC
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`MHL provides perfect reproduction of source content such as movies, TV shows and other forms of
`audio/visual entertainment from all the major Hollywood studios. To protect copyrighted source
`material from duplication, the entertainment industry has mandated a strong protection mechanism
`using a technology called HDCP. MHL 1.x and 2.x have built-in support for HDCP 1.4 to block
`unauthorized transmission and reproduction of protected video and audio content. Consumers will be
`able to enjoy premium content without restriction on the MHL sources and sinks.
`
`Character String Transport
`Both MHL 2.x and MHL 3.0 provide a bi-directional protocol for sending not only text but the complete
`character set between an MHL source and sink. Using the UTF-8 Character Protocol (UCP) characters
`may be sent from a smartphone to a TV to pop-up messages such as “incoming phone call” or an MHL
`phone may transmit strings – even Unicode international language strings – to a TV to render as closed
`captions on the screen.
`
` A
`
` Thriving Ecosystem
`
`
`Maturity of any standard is gauged by the number and types of devices offered by the market. The MHL
`ecosystem supports a diverse set of products with a growing installed base of hundreds of millions
`consumer devices and accessories. The MHL standard has been adapted to multiple device types
`including:
`
`
` Mobile devices such as smartphones, tablets
` Media Devices including Audio/Video receivers, automobile consoles
` Sink devices such as HDTVs, monitors, projectors
` Accessories such as adapters, docks, video processors, passive cables
` Media playback devices such Blu-ray players, set-top boxes
`
`All devices can be found in major retail markets across the globe with components manufactured by the
`largest and most respected consumer electronics manufacturers. MHL technology is also Operating
`System (OS) agnostic, and as such the technology can be ported into any available system with or
`without an OS. MHL source and sink components with a different OS will work with one another without
`any compatibility issues, offering huge benefits to both consumers and manufacturers.
`
`Compliance Testing
`
`Compliance testing of products before they launch is especially important for connectivity standards
`such as MHL. To that end, the MHL Consortium has established Authorized Test Centers (ATC)
`worldwide to perform compliance testing of products entering the market. Compliance on both sides of
`the link is critical to interoperability between MHL devices and provides a consistent consumer
`experience.
`
`Each MHL member company must submit their device for testing and pass all of the mandatory tests in
`the MHL Compliance Test Specification (CTS) in order to be certified as an MHL-compliant product.
`Multiple test equipment companies have provided certified equipment to perform testing, including
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`October 2013
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`Copyright 2013 MHL, LLC
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`electrical, protocol and system-level tests. Each product certified by the ATC is acknowledged by the
`MHL, LLC before it enters the market.
`
`Summary
`MHL technology was invented to transmit video/audio from a mobile source device while being charged.
`Basing the technology on TMDS and using a connector agnostic approach, MHL technology benefits
`manufacturers since it is easy and cost-effective to implement. While MHL 3.0 marks a significant
`upgrade, all versions of the MHL specification are backward compatible ensuring consumers will be able
`to use older MHL devices with new devices. The MHL standard is widely adopted with a large ecosystem
`of hundreds of millions of MHL devices and continues to grow. To ensure robust interoperability, there
`are Authorized Testing Centers across the globe for members to test their products before reaching
`consumers. MHL technology is a standard that continues to evolve to stay ahead of the technology
`curve and bridges the gap between mobile devices and non-mobile devices.
`
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`October 2013
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`Copyright 2013 MHL, LLC
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