HTC EXHIBIT 1011
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`Published by
`Standards Information Network
`IEEE Press
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`HTC EXHIBIT 1011
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`IEEE believes the information in this publication is accurate as of its publication date; such information is subject
`to change without notice. IEEE is not responsible for any inadvertent errors.
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`Othertradenames and trademarks in this document are those of their respective owners.
`
`The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Inc.
`3 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10016-5997, USA
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`Copyright © 2000 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published
`December 2000. Printed in the United States of America.
`
`No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without
`the prior written permission of the publisher.
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`To order IEEE Press publications, call 1-800-675-IEEE.
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`Print: ISBN 0-7381-2601-2
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`SP1122
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`See other standards and standards-related productlistings at: http://standards.iece.org/
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`The publisher believes that the information and guidance given in this work serve as an enhancementto users,
`all parties must rely upon their own skill and judgement when making use of it. The publisher does not assume
`any liability to anyonefor any loss or damage caused by anyerror or omission in the work, whether such error
`or omission is the result of negligence or any other cause. Anyand all suchliability is disclaimed.
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`This work is published with the understanding that the IEEEis supplying information through this publication,
`not attempting to render engineering or other professionalservices. If such services are required,the assistance
`of an appropriate professional should be sought. The IEEEis not responsible for the statements and opinions
`advancedinthis publication.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`IEEE 100: the authoritative dictionary of IEEE standards terms.—7th ed.
`p. cm.
`ISBN 0-7381-2601-2 (paperback : alk. paper)
`1. Electric engineering—Dictionaries. 2. Electronics—Dictionaries. 3. Computer
`engineering—Dictionaries. 4. Electric engineering—Acronyms.5. Electronics—Acronyms.
`6. Computer engineering—Acronyms.I. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
`
`TK9 .128 2000
`621.3’03—dc21
`
`00-050601
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`converse preorder traversal Theprocessoftraversing a binary
`tree in a recursive fashion as follows: the root is visited, then
`the right subtree is traversed,then the left subtree is traversed.
`Contrast: converse inorder traversal; converse postordertra-
`versal. See also: preordertraversal.
`(C) 610.5-1990w
`conversion (1) (software) Modification of existing software to
`enable it to operate with similar functional capability in a
`different environment; for example, converting a program
`from Fortran to Ada, converting a program that runs on one
`computer to run on another.
`(C) 610.12-1990
`(2) A general term covering the processof altering existing
`power switchgear equipment.
`(SWG/PE) C37.100-1992
`(3) The process ofaltering existing power switchgear equip-
`ment from the original manufacturers design.
`(SWG/PE) C37.59-1996
`conversion efficiency (1) (electrical conversion) In alternating-
`current to direct-current conversion equipment, the ratio of
`the product of output direct-current and voltage to input watts
`expressed in percent. Nore:
`It reflects alternating-current
`powercapacity required for a given voltage and current out-
`put and does not necessarily reflect watts lost.
`= Bie (100 percent)
`
`converter, reversible power See: reversible power converter.
`
`all of the frequencies that may affect the result. Note: Unless
`otherwise stated, the term refers to the cases in which the
`input-frequency voltageis of infinitesimal magnitude. All di-
`rect electrode voltages, and the magnitude of the local-oscil-
`lator voltage, must remain constant. See also: transducer;
`modulation.
`(ED) 161-1971w.
`conversion transducer (1) (general) A transducer in which the»
`signal undergoes frequency conversion. Note: The gain or
`loss of a conversion transducer is specified in terms of the
`useful signal. See also: transducer.
`(PE/EEC) [119]
`(2) An electric transducer in which the input and the output
`frequencies are different. Note: If the frequency-changing
`property of a conversion transducer depends upon a generator
`of frequency different from that of the input or output fre-
`quencies, the frequency and voltage or powerofthis generator
`are parameters of the conversion transducer. See also: het-.
`erodyne conversion transducer.
`(ED) 161-197 1w
`conversion voltage gain (conversion transducer) Theratio of
`the magnitude of the output-frequency voltage across the out-.
`put termination, with the transducer inserted betweenthe in-
`put-frequency generator and the output termination” to the
`magnitudeof the input-frequency voltage across the inputter-
`mination of the transducer.
`(ED) [45]
`convert (data processing) To change the representation of data
`(AES) [41]
`from one form to another, for example, to change numerical
`data from binary to decimal or from cardsto tape.
`(2) (overall) (photoelectric converter) The ratio of available
`(C) [20], [85]
`power output to total incident radiant powerin the active area
`for photovoltaic operation. Note: This dependsonthe spectral
`converter (1) (general) A machine or device for changing al-
`distribution of the source and junction temperature. See also:
`ternating-current power to direct-current poweror vice versa:
`semiconductor.
`(AES) [41]
`(PE) [9]
`(3) (klystron oscillator) The ratio of the high-frequency out-
`(A) (heterodyne reception) (frequency converter) The
`(2)
`put power to the direct-current power supplied to the beam.
`portion of the receiver that converts the incoming signal to
`See also: velocity-modulated tube.
`(Stdi00) [84]
`the intermediate frequency. (B) (data transmission) A device
`(4) (solar cells) The ratio of the solar cell’s available power
`for changing one form of information language to another, so
`output (at a specified voltage) fo the total incident radiant
`as to render the language acceptable to a different machine
`power. Thecell active area shall be used in this calculation;
`(that is, card to tape conversion).
`(PE) 599-1985
`that is, ohmic contact (but no grid lines) areas onthe irradiated
`(3) (facsimile) A device that changes the type of modulation,
`side shall be deducted from the total irradiated cell area to
`See also: facsimile.
`(COM) 168-1956w
`determine active area. The spectral distribution of the source
`(4) A network or device for changing the form of information
`and the junction temperature must be specified.
`or energy.
`CA/ICTL/APP/TAC) [69], [60]
`(AES/SS) 307-1969w
`(5) (test measurement and diagnostic equipment) A device
`conversion factor See: calibration factor.
`that changes the mannerof representing information from one
`form to another.
`(MIL) [2]
`conversion loss (nonlinear, active, and nonreciprocal wave-
`(6) A device that changes electrical energy from one form to
`guide components) In a frequency converter (mixer), the ra-
`another, as from alternating current to direct current.
`tio of the output power at the converted frequency to the
`(NESC/NEC) [86]
`available input powerat the signal frequency; often expressed
`(7) A device that changes electrical energy from one form to
`in decibels.
`(MTT) 457-1982w
`another. A semiconductor converter is a converter that uses
`conversion rate (A) (hybrid computer linkage components)
`semiconductors as the active elements in the conversion pro-
`(analog-to-digital converter) The maximum rate at which
`cess.
`(IA/SPC) 519-1992
`the start conversion commands can be applied to the con-
`(8) A machine or device for changing de power to ac power,
`verter, to which the converter will respond by providing the
`for changing ac powerto de power, or for changing from one.
`desired signal at
`the output
`to within a given accuracy.
`frequency to another. This definition covers several different
`(B) (analog-to-digital converter with multiplexor with
`power conversion functions, each of which is known by a
`sample and hold) The maximum rate at which the start sam-
`separate term. See also: de-de converter; frequency converter;
`ple commands can be applied to the system to which the
`inverter; rectifier.
`(PEL/ET) 388-1992r
`system will respond by providing the desired signal at the
`(9) A device capable of converting impulses from one mode-~
`output to within a given accuracy. (Pre-selected channel).
`to another, such as analogto digital, parallel to serial, or from
`(C) 166-1977
`one code to another. See also: code converter; digital-to-an-
`conversion time (A) (hybrid computer linkage components)
`alog converter; power supply.
`(C) 610.10-1994w
`(analog-to-digital converter) That time required from the
`(10) (self-commutated converters)
`(ac adjustable-speed.
`instant at which a conversion commandis received anda final
`drives) An operative unit for electronic power conversion,
`digital representation is available for external output to within
`comprising one or more electronic switching devices and any.
`a given accuracy.
`(B) (analog-to-digital converter with
`associated components, such as transformers, filters, com-
`multiplexer with sample and hold) Thattime required from
`mutation aids, controls, and auxiliaries. Synonym: converter
`the time at which a sample commandis received andafinal
`equipment.
`(IA/SPC/ID) 936-1987w, 995-1987w
`digital representation is available for external output to within
`(1D)A type of repeater that converts the data signal from one
`a given accuracy. (Pre-selected channel).
`(C) 166-1977
`media to another.
`(C/LM) 8802-5-1998
`conversion transconductance (heterodyne conversion trans-
`converter, analog-to-digital See: analog-to-digital converter.
`ducer) The quotient of (1) the magnitude of the desired out-
`converter, digital-to-analog See: digital-to-analog converter.
`put-frequency componentof currents by (2) the magnitude of
`converter equipment See: converter.
`the input-frequency (signal) component of voltage when the
`impedanceof the output external termination is negligible for
`
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`category entity instance whose values match those in the pri-
`mary key ofa related parent or generic entity instance. A
`foreign key results from the migration of the parent or generic
`entity’s primary key through a generalization structure ora
`relationship.
`(C/SE) 1320.2-1998
`foreign potential Any voltage and resultant current imposed on _
`telecommunications plant or equipment that is not supplied.
`from the central office or from telecommunications equip-
`ment.
`(A/PSB) 1100-1999.
`forensic engineering The application of engineering knowledge
`to questions of law affecting life and property.
`(SWG/PE) C37.10-1995:.
`(C) 610.5-1990w:
`
`format
`
`which highpriority processes or those requiring user inter-
`action are executed. Contrast: background. See also: fore-
`ground processing.
`(C) 610,12-1990
`foreground imageThepart of a display image that can be mod-
`ified. Contrast: background image.
`(C) 610.6-1991w
`foreground job See: foreground process group.
`foreground process A processthatis a memberof a foreground
`process group.
`(C/PA) 9945-1-1996, 9945-2-1993, 1003.5-1999
`foreground process group [foreground job] A process group
`whose member processes have certain privileges, denied to
`processes in background process groups, when accessing their
`forest A set of disjoint trees.
`controlling terminal. Each session that has established a con-
`forestalling switch See: acknowledger.
`nection with a controlling terminal has exactly one process
`For Exposition Only page A modelpagethat containspictorial
`group ofthe session as the foreground process group ofthat
`and graphical information (in contrast to text) abouta specific
`controlling terminal. Synonym: toreground process group.
`diagram. Unlike a diagram, the contents of a For Exposition
`(CPA) 9945-1-1996, 9945-2-1993
`Only page (FEO page) need not comply with IDEFOrules.
`(C/SE) 1320.1-1998
`foreground process group (1) A process group whose member
`fork See: branch.
`processes have certainprivileges, denied to processes in back-
`fork beat See: carrier beat.
`ground process groups, when accessing their controlling ter-
`minal. Each session that has established a connection with a
`form (1) Any article, such as a printing plate, that is used as a
`controlling terminal has exactly one process group ofthe ses-
`pattern to be reproduced.
`(EEC/PE) [119]
`sion as the foreground process group of that controlling ter-
`(2) A medium, sometimes preprinted, on which information
`minal. Synonym: foreground process group.
`is to be printed or plotted. See also: form feed; printed card
`(C/PA) 9945-1-1996, 9945-2-1993
`form; index hole; continuous form.
`(C) 610.10-1994
`(2) A group ofprocesses that have certain privileges, denied
`FORMAC See: FORmula Manipulation Compiler, FORmula
`to processes in background process groups, when accessing
`Manipulation Language.
`their controlling terminal. Each session that has established a
`formalization The precise description of the semantics of a lan-
`comnection with a controlling terminal has exactly one pro-
`guagein terms of a formal language suchasfirst order logic.
`cess group ofthe session as the foreground process group of
`(C/SE) 1320.2-1998
`that controlling terminal.
`(C) 1003.5-1999
`formal language (software) A language whose rules are ex-
`foreground process group ID The process group ID of the
`plicitly established prior to its use. Examples include pro-
`foreground process group.
`gramming languages and mathematical languages. Contrast:
`(C/PA) 1003.5-1999, 9945-1-1996
`natural language.
`(C) 610.12-1990, 610.13-1993w
`foreground processing The execution of a high-priority process
`formal logic The study of the structure and form of valid ar-
`while lower-priority processes await the availability of com-
`gument without regard to the meaning of the terms in the
`puter resources,or the execution of processesthat require user
`argument.
`(C) [20], [85]
`interaction. Contrast: background processing.
`formal parameter (software) A variable used in a software
`(C) 610.12-1990
`module to represent data or program elements that are to be
`foreign area (telephone switching systems) A numbering plan
`passed to the module byacalling module. Contrast. argu-
`ment.
`(C) 610.12-1990
`area other than the one in which the calling customeris lo-
`cated.
`(COM) 312-1977w
`formalqualification review (FQR) Thetest, inspection,or an-
`alytical process by which a group of configuration items com-
`foreign data dictionary A data dictionary developed by a non-
`prising a system are verified to have met specific contractual
`Intelligent Transportation Systems (TS) community.
`(SCC32) 1489-1999
`performance requirements. Contrast: requirements review,
`test readiness review; design review; code review.
`foreign data source A data dictionary or message set developed
`(C) 610.12-1990
`by a non-ITS community.
`(SCC32) 1488-2000
`formal specification (A) (software) A specification written
`foreign exchange An exchange that connects a customer’s lo-
`and approved in accordance with established standards:
`cation to a remote customer.
`(C) 610.7-1995
`(B) (software) A specification written in a formal notation,
`foreign exchange circuit A circuit that provides foreign ex-
`often for use in proof of correctness.
`(C) 610,12-1990
`changeservice. See also:dial-up circuit; simplex circuit; four-
`formal testing (software) Testing conducted in accordance
`wire circuit; two-wire circuit; leased circuit.
`with test plans and procedures that have been reviewed and
`approved by a customer, user, or designated level of man-
`agement. Contrast: informaltesting.
`(C) 610,12-1990
`formaltest specification A specification of the assertion test
`using a formal method specified by the test method specifi-
`cation. The test method specification shall specify whether
`the formal test specification is normative or informative.
`(C/PA) 2003-1997
`format (1) (computers) The general order in which information |
`appears on the input medium.
`(2) (data transmission) Arrangement of code characters
`(COM) [49]
`within a group, such as a block or message.
`(3) Physical arrangement of possible locations of holes’ or
`magnetized areas. See also. address format.
`(MAG/EEC) 296-1969w,[74]
`(4) (data management) The arrangement, order, or layout of |
`data in or on a data medium. See also: variable format; fixed é
`format.
`(C) 610.5-1990W
`
`(C) 610.7-1995
`foreign exchange line (1) (data transmission) A subscriber
`line by meansof which service is furnished to a subscriber at
`his request from an exchange other than the one from which
`service would normally be furnished.
`(PE) 599-1985w
`(2) (telephone switching systems) A loop form an exchange
`other than the one from which service would normally be
`furnished.
`(COM) 312-1977w
`foreign exchange service A service that provides a connection
`between a customer and a central office other than the one
`that serves the exchange area in which the customer is lo-
`cated.
`(C) 610.7-1995
`foreign key (1) (A) An attribute that is a primary key, not to
`the record it is in, but to some related record. (B) In a rela-
`tional data model, nonprimeattributes of somerelation that
`is defined on the same domain as a primeattribute of another
`relation.
`(C) 610.5-1990
`
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`
`
`
`
`alues match those in the pri-
`r generic entity instance. A
`ation of the parent or generic
`generalization structure or a
`(C/SE) 1320.2-1998
`resultant current imposed on
`uipmentthat is not supplied
`telecommunications equip-
`(A/PSE) 1100-1999
`on of engineering knowledge
`: and property.
`(SWG/PE) C37.10-1995
`(C) 610,5-1990w
`
`dger.
`al page that containspictorial
`ntrast to text) about a specific
`contents of a For Exposition
`comply with IDEFOrules.
`(C/SE) 1320.1-1998
`
`inting plate, that is used as a
`(EEC/PE) [119]
`tinted, on which information
`also: form feed; printed card
`Tm.
`(C) 610.10-1994w
`yulation Compiler; FORmula
`
`tion of the semantics of a lan-
`uage such asfirst order logic.
`(C/SE) 1320.2-1998
`anguage whose rules are ex-
`use. Examples include pro-
`2matical languages. Contrast:
`610.12-1990, 610.13-1993w
`ructure and form of valid ar-
`meaning of the terms in the
`(C) [20], [85]
`. variable used in a software
`gram elements that are to be
`ling module. Contrast: argu-
`(C} 610.12-1990
`R) Thetest, inspection, or an-
`xp of configuration items com-
`have met specific contractual
`wmtrast; requirements review;
`sview; code review.
`(C) 610.12-1990
`vare) A specification written
`with established standards.
`( written in a formal notation,
`>tness.
`(C) 610.12-1990
`ing conducted in accordance
`; that have been reviewed and
`, or designated level of man-
`:sting.
`(C) 610.12-1990
`cification of the assertion test
`ed by the test method specifi-
`fication shall specify whether
`normative or informative.
`(C/PA) 2003-1997
`eral order in which information
`
`angement of code characters
`kor message.
`(COM) [49]
`possible locations of holes or
`ddress format.
`(MAG/EEC) 296-1969w,[74]
`rangement, order, or layout of
`See also: variable format; fixed
`(C) 610.5-1990w
`
`storage medium, file, field, or page of text. (B) To establish
`or change the structure or appearance of an object as in def-
`inition (A). See also: high-level format; low-level format.
`(C) 610.10-1994
`format character A control character used to control a printer.
`(C) 610.5-1990w
`format classification (numerically controlled machines) A
`means, usually in an abbreviated notation, by which the mo-
`tions, dimensional data, type of control system, number of
`digits, auxiliary functions, etc., for a particular system can be
`denoted.
`(MAG/EEC) 296-1969w, [74]
`format detail (numerically controlled machines) Describes
`specifically which words and of what length are used by a
`specific system in the format classification.
`(IA) [61], [84]
`format effector character Any control character used to con-
`trol the positioning of printed, displayed, or recorded data.
`Synonym: layout character. See also: backspace character.
`(C) 610.5-1990w
`formationlights (iNuminating engineering) A navigation light
`especially provided to facilitate formation flying.
`(EEC/TE) [126]
`formation voltage The final impressed voltage at which the film
`is formed on the valve metal in an electrochemical valve. See
`also: electrochemical valve.
`(EEC/PE) [119]
`format status line A line displayed by many word processing
`systems that shows the currentsetting of text formatting pa-
`rameters such as tabulation stops and margin positions.
`(C) 610.2-1987
`formatted (A) Pertaining to magnetic media, such as tapes or
`diskettes, that have beeninitialized and prepared to accept
`and store data. (B) Pertaining to text that has been organized
`into a particular arrangement for output or display.
`(C) 610.2-1987
`formatted information Information that has been arranged into
`discrete units and structures in a manner that facilitates its
`access and processing. Contrast: narrative information.
`(C) 610.5-1990w
`form C converter A single converter unit in which the direct
`current can flow in one direction only and which is capable
`of inverting energy from the load to the ac supply.
`(IA/ID) 995-1987w
`form designation (watthour meter) An alphanumeric desig-
`nation denoting the circuit arrangement for which the meter
`is applicable andits specific terminal arrangement. The same
`designation is applicable to equivalent meters of all manu-
`facturers.
`(ELM) C12.1-1982s
`formed character printer A printer in which each character is
`a fully formed entity on a slug, drum, mask or other medium.
`Contrast: dot matrix printer.
`(C) 610.10-1994w
`formette See: form-wound motorette.
`form factor (1) (electric process heating) Coil ratio of con-
`ductor width to turn to turn space. See also: coil shape factor.
`(IA) 54-1955w
`(2) (illuminating engineering) (f,_,) The ratio of the flux
`directly received by surface 2 (and due to lambertian surface -
`1) to the total flux emitted by surface 1. It is used in flux
`transfer theory.
`(EEC/TE) [126]
`(3) (overhead power lines) (dc electric-field strength and
`ion-related quantities) An empirical parameter representing
`the increased electric field at the surface of a de field meter
`that is mounted above the ground plane. The increased field
`is due to field perturbation by the instrument. In a uniform
`field, the unperturbed electric field is given by the measured
`field divided bythe form factor for the instrument.
`(T&D/PE) 539-1990, 1227-1990r
`(4) (of a periodic function) (ff)Theratio of the rms value to
`the average absolute value Jf = Yuns/YAay-
`(PE/PSIM) 120-1989r
`(5) (periodic function) The ratio of the root square value to
`the average absolute value, averaged over a full period of the
`function.
`(IA/PSE) 1100-1999
`
`that printing should start on the next page of an output device.
`The (ferm-feed) shall be the character designated by ‘\£°
`in the C-language binding. If (gorm-feed) is not the first
`character of an outputline, the result is unspecified. It is un-
`specified whether this character is the exact sequence trans-
`mitted to an output device by the system to accomplish the
`movementto the next page.
`(C/PA) 9945-2-1993
`form feed A command or signal sent to a printer to instruct it
`to eject the current page and go to the top of the next page.
`See also: tractor feed.
`(C) 610.10-1994w
`form feed character (1) A formateffector character that causes
`the print or display position to moveto the next predetermined
`first line on the next form, the next page, or the equivalent.
`Synonyms: paper throw character; page eject character.
`(C) 610.5-1990w
`(2) A format effector characterthat instructs a device to move
`to the top of the next page orscreen.
`(C) 610.10-1994w
`form,fit, and function In configuration management, that con-
`figuration comprising the physical and functional character-
`istics of an item as an entity, but not including any charac-
`teristics of the elements making up the item. See also:
`configuration identification.
`(C) 610.12-1990
`forming (1) (electrical) (semiconductor devices) The process
`of applying electric energy to a semiconductor device in order
`to modify permanently the electric characteristics. See also:
`semiconductor.
`(TA)
`[12]
`(2) (semiconductorrectifiers) The electrical or thermal treat-
`ment, or both, of a semiconductorrectifier cell for the purpose
`of increasing the effectiveness of the rectifier junction. See
`also: rectification.
`(IA} 59-1962w,[12]
`(3) (electrochemical) The process that results in a change in
`impedanceat the surface of a valve metal to the passage of
`current from metal to electrolyte, when the voltage is first
`applied. See also: electrochemical valve.
`(EEC/PE) [119]
`forming shell A metal structure designed to support a wet-niche
`lighting fixture assembly and intended for mounting in a
`swimming pool structure.
`(NESC/NEC) [86]
`form letter See: iterative document.
`form overlay A pattern used as a background image. For ex-
`ample, drawing format, report form,title block.
`(C) 610.6-1991w
`FORmula Manipulation CompilerPORMAC)An extension
`of PL/1 used to perform symbolic manipulation of mathe-
`matical expressions.
`(C) 610.13-1993w
`FORmula Manipulation Language (FORMAC)Anextension
`of FORTRANused to perform formal algebraic manipula-
`tions.
`(C) 610.13-1993w
`FORmula TRANsiator (FORTRAN(Fortran)) A high-order
`programming language used widely for solving scientific,
`mathematical and numerical problems. Note, At the time that
`this standard was written, FORTRAN 77 and Fortran 90 were
`both accepted IEEE languagestandards. See also: FORAAL;
`common language; FOIL; algebraic language; DYNAMO;
`GASP IV.
`(C) 610.13-1993w
`form-wound (rotating machinery) (performed winding) Ap-
`plied to a winding whosecoils are formedessentially to their
`final shape prior to assembly into the machine. See alsa: sta-
`tor; rotor.
`(PE)
`[9]
`form-wound motorette (rotating machinery) (formette) A
`motorette for form-woundcoils. See also: asynchronous ma-
`chine; direct-current commutating machine.
`(PE)
`[9]
`FORTHA high-order programming language that can be used
`for a wide range of applications due to its ability to be used
`as an interpreter, command language, and even an operating
`system. Note: FORTHis not an acronym.See also;extensible
`language; Polyforth.
`(C) 610.13-1993w
`Forth word See: command.
`FORTRAN66A dialect of FORTRANdevelopedas a standard
`language in 1966.
`(C) 610.13-1993w
`FORTRAN77A dialect of FORTRAN developedas a standard
`language in 1977.
`(C) 610.13-1993w
`
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