1
`
`CIP2026
`Argentum Pharmaceuticals LLC v. Cipla Ltd.
`IPR2017-00807
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`

`

`
`
`ALFONSO R GENNARO
`Editor, and Chairman
`of the Editorial Board
`
`
`
`2
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`1985-
`
`MACK PUBLISHiNG COPMANY
`
`Easfon, Pennsyivenio 18042
`
`3
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`

`

`
`
`
`
`Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1885 by Jose
`in the Office of the Librari
`an of Congress, at Washington, DC
`
`All Rights Reserved
`
`Library of Congress Catalog Card No 60-53334
`ISBN 0-912734—03-5
`
`a» 131:?
`
`representations of them here
`prevail.
`
`current official
`ngth, quality, purity, packaging and labeling for drugs and
`in, the context and effect of the official compendia shall
`
`Printed in the United States ofAmerica by theMach Printing Company,Easton, Pennsylvania
`
`4
`
`

`

`
`
`. a treatise on the theory
`.
`Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences .
`and practice of the pharmaceutical sciences, with essential
`information about pharmaceutical and medicinal agents; also a guide
`to the professional responsibilities of the pharmacist as the
`drug-information specialist of the health team .
`.
`. A textbook
`and reference work for pharmacists, physicians, and other
`practitioners of the pharmaceutical and medical sciences.
`
`EDITORS
`
`Alfonso R Gennaro, Chairman
`
`Robert E King
`
`Grafton D Chase
`
`Melvin R. Gibson
`
`C‘ Boyd Granberg
`
`Stewart C Harvey
`
`Alfred N Martin
`
`Thomas Medwick
`
`Ewart A Swinyard
`
`Gilbert L Zink
`
`AUTHORS
`
`The 109 chapters of this edition of Remington ’5 Pharmaceutical
`Sciences were written by the editors, by members of the
`Editorial Board, and by other authors listed on pages ix to xi.
`
`Production Manager
`
`Christine l. Bailey
`
`Directors
`
`William A Thawley, 1980—1983
`
`Allen Misher 1984—1985
`
`Seventeenth Edition -— 1985
`
`Published in the 165th year of the
`PHlLADELPHlA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY AND SCIENCE
`
`5
`
`

`

`Joseph P Remington
`
`Thirteenth Edition. 1965
`
`Editor-in-Chief
`Eric W Martin
`Editors
`
`First Edition. 1086
`Second Edition. 1009
`Third Edition. 1091
`Fourth Edition. 1905
`
`Fifth Edition. 1901
`Sixth Edition. 1911
`
`Seventh Edition. 1926
`
`Editors
`
`E Fullerton Cook
`Charles H LaWall
`
`Eighth Edition. 1956
`
`Editors
`E Fullerton Cook
`Charles H LaWall
`
`Ninth Edition. 1948
`
`Joseph P Remington
`Assisted by
`E Fullerton Cook
`
`Associate Editors
`l-vor Griffith
`
`Adley B Nichols
`Arthur Osol
`
`Editors
`E Fullerton Cook
`Eric W Martin
`
` Remington Historical l Biographical Data
`
`Grafton D Chase
`Herald R Cox
`Richard A Deno
`Alfonso R Gennaro
`
`Stewart C Harvey
`
`Robert E King
`E Emerson Leuallen
`Arthur Osol
`
`Ewart A Swinyard
`Clarence T Van Meter
`Managing Editor
`John E Hoover
`
`Fourteenth Edition. 1910
`
`Chairman, Editorial Board
`Arthur Osol
`Editors
`
`Grafton D Chase
`Richard A Deno
`Alfonso R Gennaro
`
`Robert E King
`Alfred N Martin
`Ewart A Swinyard
`Clarence T Van Meter
`Melvin R Gibson
`Bernard Witlin
`Stewart C Harvey
`Managing Editor
`John E Hoover
`
`Tenth Edition. 1951
`
`Editors
`
`E Fullerton Cook
`Eric \V Martin
`
`Fifteenth Edition. 1915
`
`Chairman, Editorial Board
`Arthur Osol
`Editors
`
`Eleventh Edition. 1956
`
`Editors
`
`Eric W Martin
`E Fullerton Cook
`
`Twelfth Edition. 1961
`
`Editors
`
`Eric W Martin
`E Fullerton Cook
`E Emerson Leuallen
`Arthur Osol
`
`Linwood F Tice
`Clarence T Van Meter
`
`Associate Editors
`E Emerson Leuallen
`Arthur Osol
`Linwood F Tice
`Clarence T Van Meter
`
`Assistant to the Editors
`John E Hoover
`
`John T Anderson
`Cecil l. Bendush
`Grafton D Chase
`Alfonso R Gennaro
`Melvin R Gibson
`
`C Boyd Granberg
`Stewart C Harvey
`Robert E King
`Alfred N Martin
`
`Ewart A Swinyard
`Managing Editor
`John E Hoover
`
`Sixteenth Edition. 1980
`
`Chairman, Editorial Board
`Arthur Osol
`Editors
`
`Grafton D Chase
`Alfonso R Gennaro
`Melvin R Gibson
`
`C Boyd Granberg
`Stewart C Harvey
`
`viii
`
`Robert E King
`Alfred N Martin
`
`Ewart A Swinyard
`Gilbert L Zink
`
`6
`
`

`

`Editorial Board Members and Editors
`
`Alfonso R Gennaro, PhD / Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science—Director of Graduate
`Studies and Professor of Chemistry. Chairman of the Editorial Board and Editor,
`Remington ’5 Pharmaceutical Sciences.
`
`' Grafton D Chase, PhD / Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science—Professor of Chemistry;
`Chairman, Department of Chemistry, Editor, Part 4, Radioisotopes in Pharmacy and
`Medicine. Author, Chapters 28, 29.
`
`Melvin R Gibson. PhD / Washington State University College of Pharmacy—Professor of
`Pharmacognosy. Editorial Board member. Editor, Part 9, Pharmaceutical Practice.
`Author, Chapters 1, 4.
`
`fl Boyd Granberg, PhD / Drake University College of Pharmacy— Dean and Professor of
`Pharmacy. Editor, Part 1, Orientation. Author, Chapter 7.
`
`Stewart C Harvey. PhD / University of Utah School of Medicine—Professor of Pharmacology.
`Editorial Board member. Editor, Part 6. Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Agents.
`Author, Chapters 37, 40, 42, 45 to 49, 51, 63, 64; Coauthor, Chapters 38, 43, 52.
`
`flobert E King. PhD / Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science—Professor of Industrial
`Pharmacy. Editorial Board member. Editor, Part8, Pharmaceutical Preparations and
`Their Manufacture. Coauthor, Chapter 86.
`
`Alfred N Martin. PhD / University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy—Sublett Professor of
`Pharmaceutics, Drug Dynamics Institute. Editorial Board member. Editor, Part2,
`Pharmaceutics. Coauthor, Chapter 21.
`
`Thomas Medwick. PhD / Rutgers University—Professor and Chairman, Department of
`Pharmaceutical Chemistry. Editorial Board member. Editor, Part 3, Pharmaceutical
`Chemistry, and Part 5, Testing and Analysis, Coauthor, Chapter 30.
`
`Ewart A Swinyard, PhD / University of Utah—Professor Emeritus of Pharmacology, College of
`Pharmacy and School of Medicine. Editorial Board member. Editor, Part 6,
`Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Agents. Author, Chapters 41, 44, 50, 55 to 62, 65, 67,
`72; Coauthor, Chapter 68.
`
`Gilbert I. link. PhD I Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science—Associate Professor of
`Biology, Editor. Part 7, Biological Products. Author, Chapter 73.
`
`ix
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`7
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`

`
`
`Authors
`
`The following contributors to the Seventeenth Edition of Remington’s Pharmaceutical
`Sciences served as authors or coauthors, along with the editors and members of the
`Editorial Board, of the 109 chapters of this book.
`
`Hamed P Abdou, PhD / Director of Product Quality Control, E R Michael'R Franklin, PhD / Professor of Pharmacology, College of
`Squibb & Sons; Author of Chapter 34, Instrumental Methods
`Pharmacy & School of Medicine, University of Utah, Author of
`of Analysis and Chapter 35, Dissolution.
`Chapter 54, Enzymes.
`John Adams, PhD / Vice President, Scientific & Professional Donald G Fraser, PharmD / Director ofMedical & Clinical Affairs,
`Relations, Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association; Author
`Reid-Provident Laboratories; Author of Chapter of 103, Utili-
`of Chapter 8, Research.
`zation and Evaluation of Clinical Drug Literature.
`Mary Celeste Alessandri, BA / Free Lance Writer; Coauthor of
`James W Freston, MD, PhD / Professor & Chairman, Department
`Chapter 26, Drug Nomenclature and United States Adopted
`ofMedicine, University of Connecticut; Coauthor of Chapter 36,
`Names.
`Diseases: Manifestations and Pathophysiology.
`Joan Anderson, MSc / Clinical Assistant Professor of Pharmacy,
`Philip P Gerbino, PharmD / Professor of Clinical Pharmacy,
`Philadelphia College of Pharmacy & Science; Coauthor of
`Philadelphia College of Pharmacy & Science; Coauthor of
`Chapter 99, Patient Communication.
`Chapter 99, Patient Communication.
`'
`Howard C Ansel, PhD / Professor of Pharmacy & Dean, School of
`Thomas J Gildea, BSc / Manager, Data Quality Assurance & Sci‘
`Pharmacy, University of Georgia; Author of Chapter 101, The
`entific Computing, G D Searle & Company; Coauthor of Chapter
`Prescription.
`.,
`11, Computer Science.
`Kenneth E Avis, DSc / Goodman Professor and Chairman, De-
`Robert L Giles, BA/ Vice President & General Manager, Glenn
`partment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University
`Beall Engineering Co, Gurnee IL; Coauthor of Chapter 81, Plastic
`of Tennessee; Author of Chapter 85, Parenteral Preparations.
`Packaging Material.
`Leonard Bailey, PhD / Associate Professor of Pharmaceutical
`Harold N Godwin, MS / Professor & Director of Pharmacy, Uni~
`Chemistry, Rutgers University College of Pharmacy; Author of
`varsity of Kansas; Author of Chapter 95, Institutional Patient
`Care.
`Chapter 33, Chromatography.
`‘
`Thomas Blake, RPh / Director, Regulatory Drug Affairs, Pharma-
`ceutical Division, Ciba-Geigy Corp; Author of Chapter 5, Phar-
`macists in Industry.
`Lawrence H Block, PhD / Professor of Pharmaceutics, Duquesne
`University College of Pharmacy; Author of Chapter 88, Medi-
`cated Applications.
`Joseph B Bogardus, PhD / Associate Director, Pharmaceutical
`Research 8: Development, Bristol Myers Co; Coauthor of Chapter
`18, Reaction Kinetics.
`‘
`John A Basso, PharmD / Associate Professor of Clinical Pharmacy,
`College of Pharmacy, University of Utah; Coauthor of Chapter
`36, Diseases: Manifestations and Pathophysiology.
`Arthur A Cammarata, PhD / Professor of Physical Medicinal
`Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Temple University; Author of
`Chapter 15, Thermodynamics.
`Alan Cheung, PharmD / Deputy Director, Pharmacy Service,
`Veterans’ Association, Washington DC; Coauthor of Chapter 96,
`Long- Term Care Facilities.
`Joseph L Ciminera, DSc / Director, Biometrics Long Term Plan-
`ning, Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories; Author of
`Chapter 10, Statistics.
`'
`Anthony J Cutie, PhD / Director of Pharmaceutics & Industrial
`Pharmacy, Professor of Pharmaceutics, Anna and Marie
`Schwartz College of Pharmacy; Coauthor of Chapter 93, Aero-
`sols.
`
`Frederick J Goldstein, PhD / Professor of Pharmacology, Phila-
`delphia College of Pharmacy & Science; Coauthor of Chapter 71,
`Pharmacological Aspects of Drug Abuse.
`.
`Larry D Grieshaher, PhD / Veterans Administration Medical
`Center, St Louis MO; Coauthor of Chapter 3, Ethics.
`Frank E Halleck, PhD / Corporate Director for Scientific Affairs,
`American Sterilizer Corporation; Coauthor of Chapter ’79,
`Sterilization.
`
`.
`
`William I Higuchi, PhD / Distinguished Professor & Chairman,
`Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University
`of Utah; Coauthor of Chapter 21, Particle Phenomena and
`Coarse Dispersions.
`Norman F H Ho, PhD / Professor of Pharmaceutics, College of
`Pharmacy, University of Michigan; Coauthor of Chapter 21,
`Particle Phenomena and Coarse Dispersions.
`Daniel A Hussar, PhD / Remington Professor of Pharmacy, Phil—
`adelphia College of Pharmacy & Science; Author of Chapter 100,
`Patient Compliance and Chapter 102, Drug Interactions.
`Joseph B Jerome, PhD / Secretary Emeritus, United Adopted
`Names Council; Coauthor of Chapter 26, Drug Nomencla-
`ture—United States Adopted Names.
`*Lloyd Kennon, PhD / Associate Professor industrial Pharmacy
`Program Director, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Phar-
`macy & Health Sciences; Coauthor of Chapter 13, Molecular
`Structure, Properties, and States of Matter.
`Adelbert M Knevel, PhD / Professor of Medicinal Chemistry &
`Associate Dean, School of Pharmacy & Pharmacal Sciences,
`Purdue University; Author of Chapter 78, Separation.
`Harry B Kostenbauder, PhD / Associate Dean for Research, College
`of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky; Author of Chapter 18,
`‘ Reaction Kinetics.
`Richard Kronenthal, PhD / Director of Research, Ethicon Inc;
`Author of Chapter 105, Surgical Supplies.
`Austin H Kutscher, DDS / Professor of Dentistry (in Psychiatry)
`and Director, New York State Psychiatric Institute Dental
`Service, School of Dental 8; Oral Surgery, Columbia University;
`Author of Chapter 109, Dental Services.
`Eric J Lien, PhD / Professor of Pharmacy 8: Pharmaceutics, School
`of Pharmacy, University of Southern California; Coauthor of
`Chapter 13, Molecular Structure, Properties, and States of
`Matter.
`
`Joseph A Linkewich, PharmD / Director, Pharmacy Service, Jeanes
`Hospital, Philadelphia 19111, PA; Author of Chapter 69, Adverse
`Effects of Drugs.
`‘
`* Deceased
`
`Ara Der Marderosian, PhD / Professor of Pharmacognosy, Phila-
`delphia College of Pharmacy & Science; Author of Chapter 66,
`Pesticides.
`
`Anthony B DiSanto, PhD / Director, Clinical Biopharmaceutics/
`New Formulation Development, The Upjohn Co; Author of
`Chapter '77, Bioaoailability and Bioequivalency Testing.
`Clarence A Discher, PhD / Professor Emeritus, Rutgers University;
`Author of Chapter 23, Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry.
`Barry N Eigen, MBA / President, Sickroom Service, Milwaukee WI;
`Author of Chapter 104, Health Accessories.
`Clyde R Erskine, BSc / Director, Corporate Quality Assurance,
`SmithKline Beckman Corporation; Author of Chapter 83,
`Quality Assurance and Control.
`Lorraine Evans, BS, H(ASCP) / Clinical Pathology, Bristol-Myers
`Co; Coauthor of Chapter 32, Clinical Analysis.
`Joseph L Fink III, BS(Pharm), JD / Assistant Dean & Professor,
`College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky; Coauthor of
`Chapter 107, Laws Governing Pharmacy.
`
`
`
`8
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`

`

`»f
`If
`
`Carl J Lintner, PhD 1" Lintner Associates, Kalamazoo MI; Author
`of Chapter 82, Stability of Pharmaceutical Products.
`Mark A Longer, BSc / Research Assistant, School of Pharmacy,
`University of Wisconsin; Coauthor of Chapter 92, Sustained
`Release Drug Delivery Systems.
`Werner Lowenthal, PhD / Professor of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutics,
`School of Pharmacy, Commonwealth University of Virginia;
`Author of Chapter 9, Metrology and Calculation and Coauthor
`of Chapter 68, Pharmaceutical Necessities.
`~
`John D Mullins, PhD / Director, Pharmaceutical Services, Alcon
`Laboratories, Fort Worth TX; Author of Chapter 87, Ophthalmic
`Preparations.
`Marvin C Myer, PhD / Professor of Pharmaceutics and Associate
`Dean for Graduate & Research Programs, College of Pharmacy,
`University of Tennessee; Author for Chapter 14, Complexe—
`tion.
`Maven J Myers, JD, PhD / Dean of Health Sciences & Professor
`of Pharmacy Administration, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy
`& Science; Coauthor of Chapter 3, Ethics.
`J G Nairn, PhD/ Professor of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy,
`University of Toronto; Author of Chapter 84, Solutions, Emul-
`sions, Suspensions, and Extractives.
`Paul J Niebergall, PhD / Professor of Pharmaceutics & Director
`for Pharmaceutical Development, Medical University of South
`Carolina; Author of Chapter 17, Ionic Solutions and Electrolytic
`Equilibria.
`Steven J Padilla, MD / Instructor, Department of Medicine, Uni-
`versity of Connecticut Health Center; Coauthor of Chapter 36,
`Diseases: Manifestations and Pathophysiology.
`Richard W Pecina, PhD / President, Richard W Pecina & Asso-
`ciates, Waukegan IL; Coauthor of Chapter 81, Plastic Packaging
`Materials.
`G Briggs Phillips, PhD / Senior Vice President for Scientific Affairs,
`Health Industries Manufacturers Association; Coauthor of
`Chapter 79, Sterilization.
`Nicholas G Popovich, PhD / Associate Professor of Pharmacy
`Practice, School of Pharmacy & Pharmacal Sciences, Purdue
`University; Author of Chapter 94, Ambulatory Patient Care.
`Stuart C Porter, PhD / COLORCON Inc, Author of Chapter 91,
`Coating of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms.
`James W Ravin, MBA / Professor of Pharmacy Administration,
`College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan; Author of Chapter
`108, Pharmaceutical Economics and Management.
`Edward W Rippie, PhD / Professor of Pharmaceutics, College of
`Pharmacy, University of Minnesota; Author of Chapter 12,
`Calculus and of Chapter 89, Powders.
`Joseph R Robinson, PhD / Professor of Pharmacy, School of
`Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin; Coauthor of Chapter 92,
`Sustained Drug Delivery Systems.
`Frank Roia, PhD / Dean of Students and Professor of Biology,
`Philadelphia College of Pharmacy & Science; Author of Chapter
`74, Immunizing Agents and Diagnostic Skin Antigens.
`Douglas E Rollins, MD, PhD / Associate Professor of Medicine,
`School of Medicine & College of Pharmacy, University of Utah;
`Author of Chapter 39, Clinical Pharmacokinetics.
`G Victor Rossi, PhD / Vice President for Academic Affairs and
`Professor of Pharmacology, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy
`8; Science; Author of Chapter 31, Biological Testing and Coau—
`thor of Chapter 71, Pharmacological Aspects of Drug Abuse.
`Paul G Sanders, MS / Consulting Biostatistician, G D Searle 8: Co;
`Coauthor of Chapter 11, Computer Science.
`Hans Schott, PhD / Professor of Pharmaceutics, School of Phar-
`macy, Temple University; Author of Chapter 20, Colloidal Dis-
`persions and of Chapter 22, Rheology.
`Joseph B Schwartz, PhD / Professor of Pharmaceutics, Philadel-
`phia College of Pharmacy & Science; Coauthor of Chapter 90,
`Oral Solid Dosage Forms.
`
`John J Sciarra, PhD / Executive Dean & Professor of Industrial
`Pharmacy, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy &
`Health Sciences; Coauthor of Chapter 93, Aerosols.
`John H Shinkai, PhD / Associate Professor of Pharmaceutical
`Chemistry, Rutgers University; Coauthor of Chapter 24, Organic
`Pharmaceutical Chemistry.
`Richard H Shough, PhD / Associate Dean and Professor, College
`of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma; Author of Chapter 75,
`Allergenic Extracts.
`Frederick P Siege], PhD / Professor of Pharmacy, College of
`Pharmacy, University of lllinois; Author of Chapter 80, Tonicity,
`Osmoticity, Osmolality, and Osmolarity.
`Anthony P Simonelli, PhD / Professor of Pharmaceutics, School
`of Pharmacy and Institute of Material Science, University of
`Connecticut; Coauthor of Chapter 21, Particle Phenomena and
`Coarse Dispersions.
`Larry M Simonsmeier, BS, PharmD / Dean & Associate Professor,
`College of Pharmacy, Washington State University; Coauthor
`of Chapter 107, Laws Governing Pharmacy.
`Milton W Skolaut, BSc / Director, Department of Pharmacy, Duke
`University Hospital; Author of Chapter 6, Pharmacists in Gov—
`ernment.
`Robert D Smyth, PhD / Vice President, Research Support, Bris—
`tol-Myers Co; Coauthor of Chapter 32, Clinical Analysis.
`Theodore D Sokolosln', PhD / Professor of Pharmacy, College of
`Pharmacy, Ohio State University; Author of Chapter 16, Solu-
`tions and Phase Equilibria.
`Glenn Sonnedecker, PhD / Professor, History of Pharmacy, School
`of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin; Author of Chapter 2,
`Evolution of Pharmacy.
`Frederick J Spencer, MB, BS, MPH / Professor & Chairman,
`Department of Preventative Medicine, School of Medicine,
`Medical College of Virginia; Author of Chapter 97, The Phar—
`macist and Public Health.
`James Swarbrick, DSc, PhD / Professor & Chairman, Division of
`Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of North Car-
`olina; Coauthor of Chapter 21, Particle Phenomena and Coarse
`Dispersions.
`Anthony R Temple, MD/ Medical Director, McNeil Consumer
`Products; Author of Chapter 106, Poison Control.
`John P Tischio, PhD/ Director, Clinical Drug Testing, Pragma
`Bio—Tech lnc; Author of Chapter 70, Pharmacogenetics.
`Salvatore J Turco, PharmD / Professor of Pharmacy, Temple
`University; Coauthor of Chapter 86, Intravenous Mixtures.
`John W Turczan, BS / NMR Spectroscopist, Food & Drug Ad-
`ministration, Brooklyn NY; Coauthor of Chapter 30, Analysis
`of Medicinals.
`Vincent S Venturella, PhD / Senior Technical Fellow, Roche Re-
`search Center, Hoffman-LaRoche Inc; Author of Chapter 25,
`Natural Praducts.
`Peter H Vlasses, PharmD / Associate Director, Clinical Pharma—
`cology & Associate Professor of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson
`University College of Medicine; Coauthor of Chapter 96, Long—
`Term Care Facilities.
`Albert J Wertheimer, PhD / Professor & Director, Department of
`Graduate Studies in Social & Administrative Pharmacy, College
`of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota; Author of Chapter 98,
`The Patient: Behavioral Determinants.
`Dean D Withrow, PhD / Associate Professor of Pharmacology,
`School of Medicine, University of Utah; Coauthor of Chapter 39,
`Basic Pharmacokinetics; Chapter 43, Cardiovascular Drugs; and
`Chapter 52, Hormones.
`Murray Zanger, PhD / Professor of Chemistry, Philadelphia College
`of Pharmacy 8: Science; Author of Chapter 27, Structure-Ac-
`tivity Relationship and Drug Design.
`George Zografi, PhD / Professor, School of Pharmacy, University
`of Wisconsin; Author of Chapter 19, Interfacial Phenomena.
`
`xi
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`9
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`

`

`The rapid and substantial progress made in Pharmacy
`within the last decade has created a necessity for a work
`treating of the improved apparatus, the revised processes, and
`the recently introduced preparations of the age.
`The vast advances made in theoretical and applied chem-
`istry and physics have much to do with the development of
`pharmaceutical science, and these have been reflected in all
`the revised editions of the Pharm
`'
`
`the chair of Theory and Practice of Pharmacy in the Phila-
`delphia College of Pharmacy, the outlines of study which had
`been so carefully prepared for the classes by his eminent
`predecessors, Professor William Procter, Jr, and Professor
`Edward Parrish, were feund to be not strictly in accord, either
`in their arrangement of the subjects or in their method of
`treatment. Desiring to preserve the distinctive characteristics
`of each, an effort was at once made to frame a system which
`should embody their valuable features, embrace new subjects,
`and still retain that harmony of plan and proper sequence
`which are absolutely essential to the success of any system.
`The strictly alphabetical classification of subjects which is
`now universally adopted by pharmacopoeias and dispensa-
`tories, although admirable in works of reference, presents an
`effectual stumbling block to the acquisition of pharmaceutical
`knowledge through systematic study; the vast accumulation
`of facts collected under each head being arranged lexically,
`they necessarily have no connection with one another, and
`thus the saving of labor effected by considering similar groups
`together, and the value of the association of kindred subjects,
`are lost to the student.
`In the method ofgrouping the subjects
`which is herein adopted, the constant aim has been to arrange
`the latter in such a manner that the reader shall be gradually
`led from the consideration of elementary subjects to those
`which involve more advanced knowledge, whilst the groups
`themselves are so plaCed as to follow one another in a natural
`sequence.
`.
`
` Preface to the First Edition
`
`printed in bold type near the margin, and arranged so as to
`fit them for quick and accurate reference.
`Part III treats of Inorganic Chemical Substances. Prece—
`dence is of course given to official preparation in these. The
`descriptions, solubilities, and tests for identity
`impurities
`of each substance are systematically tabulated under its
`proper title.
`It is confidently believed that by this method
`of arrangement the valuable descriptive features of the
`Pharmacopoeia will be more prominently developed, ready
`reference facilitated, and close study of the details rendered
`easy. Each chemical operation is accompanied by equations,
`whilst the reaction is, in addition, explained in words.
`The Carbon Compounds, or Organic Chemical Substances,
`are considered in Part IV. These are naturally grouped ac-
`cording to the physical and medical properties of their prin—
`cipal constituents, beginning with simple bodies like cellulin,
`gum, etc, and progressing to the most highly organized alka—
`loids, etc.
`Part V is devoted to Extemporaneous Pharmacy. Care has
`been taken to treat of the practice which would be best
`adapted for the needs of the many pharmacists who conduct
`operations upon a moderate scale, rather than for those of the
`few who manage very large establishments.
`In this, as well
`as in other parts ofthe work, operations are illustrated which
`are conducted by manufacturing pharmacists.
`Part VI contains a formulary of Pharmaceutical Prepara-
`tions which have not been recognized by the Pharmacopoeia.
`The recipes selected are chiefly those which have been here-
`tofore rather difficult of access to most pharmacists, yet such
`as are likely to be in request. Many private formulas are
`embraced in the collection; and such ofthe preparations ofthe
`old Pharmacopoeias as have not been included in the new
`edition, but are still in use, have been inserted.
`In conclusion, the author ventures to express the hope that
`the work will prove an efficient help to the pharmaceutical
`student as well as to the pharmacist and the physician. Al-
`though the labor has been mainly performed amidst the har-
`assing cares of active professional duties, and perfection is
`known to be unattainable, no pains have been spared to dis
`cover and correct errors and omissions in the text. The au-
`thor’s warmest acknowledgments, are tendered to Mr A B
`Taylor, Mr Joseph McCreery, and Mr George M Smith for
`their valuable assistance in revising the proof sheets, and to
`the latter especially for his work on the index. The outline
`illustrations, by Mr John Collins, were drawn either from the
`actual objects or from photographs taken by the author.
`Philadeiphia, October, 1885
`JPR.
`
`The work is divided into six parts. Part I is devoted to
`detailed descriptions of apparatus and definitions and com-
`ments on general pharmaceutical processes.
`The Official Preparations alone are considered in Part II.
`Due weight and prominence are thus given to the Pharma-
`copoeia, the National authority, which is now so thoroughly
`recognized.
`In order to suit the convenience of pharmacists who prefer
`to weigh solids and measure liquids, the official formulas are
`expressed, in addition to parts by weight, in avoirdupois
`weight and apothecaries’ measure. These equivalents are
`
`10
`
`xii
`
`10
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`

`

`Preface to the Seventeenth Edition
`
`A number of trite phrases may be penned to recognize the
`100th anniversary of Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences
`(nee Practice of Pharmacy); “The Second Hundred Years,”
`“One Century Down and Still Counting,” etc. It is remark-
`able, due to the “faddish” philosophy of the American public,
`not excluding the scientific community, that a building, a
`park, a national treasure, or a book manages to survive for
`even one lifetime. Why is “Remington” alive and well going
`into its second century? It is for the reader to provide an
`answer.
`
`In the year 1885, Joseph Price Remington, then Dean of the
`Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, published the first edition,
`as the sole author. He edited and authored five additional
`revisions in 1889,1894, 1905, 1907, and 1917 until his death
`in 1918. The Seventh edition was produced by two of Rem-
`ington’s colleagues, who in their own right were men of stature
`in the reaches of pharmacy, and was published in 1926.
`The two aforementioned authors, E Fullerton Cook and
`Charles H LaWall, also were coeditors of the 8th edition
`published in 1936. Over 30 contributors assisted with this
`latter edition, the editors recognizing that due to the bur—
`geoning growth of pharmacy, one or two authors could no
`longer cope with the extensive coverage necessary to compile
`such a comprehensive text.
`When his coauthor, Dean LaWall, died in 1937 Professor
`Cook began efforts to convince the heirs to the Remington
`copyright that perpetuation of the book would best be ac-
`complished by assigning the copyright to PCP&S. This was
`finalized in 1940 with the stipulation that a Remington Chair
`of Pharmacy be established at the College and funded through
`the income from the sale of the book. Due to the intervention
`of World War II the 9th edition was not published until 1948
`with Dr Eric Martin and Professor Cook as coeditors. With
`the death of Dr Cook in 1961, Dr Martin assumed the burden
`of sole editorship. Having been associated with Remington
`since the 9th edition, Dr Martin was up to the task.
`With the 13th edition Dr Martin recognized the need to
`alter again the composition of the editorial staff and a separate
`editor was appointed for each of the 9 Parts and a separate
`author(s) for each of the 100 chapters. The wisdom of this
`organization has been proved by its successful implementation
`for the 13th through 17th editions.
`It is noteworthy to reproduce one sentence from the Preface
`of the 13th edition, but to add an additional phrase (in italics)
`to contemporize the statement.
`
`“This textbook has gradually evolved from a practical
`manual for the retail pharmacist into a comprehensive,
`treatise covering the scientific foundations of pharma~
`ceutical research, development, control, manufacture,
`and clinical and community practice.”
`
`The 14th, 15th, and 16th editions of Remington were pre—
`pared under the able guidance of Dr Arthur 0301, one who had
`been associated with his predecessors since the time of La-
`Wall. Under his direction the philosophy of the book was
`transformed from an essentially scientific/industrial/academic
`View of pharmacy to one which also incorporated the more
`contemporary role of the Clinical and Cemmunity Practi-
`tioner.
`Generally, the seventeenth edition is organized as its imme-
`diate predecessors adhering to the concept of division into 9
`Parts, each subdivided into several chapters. Every chapter
`11
`
`in the book has been revised, rewritten, and updated where
`necessary.
`Only one completely new chapter appears, Dissolution
`(Chapter 35) authored by Dr Hamed Abdou. The editors
`deemed the existing Section and Chapter headings were ad-
`equate to incorporate the essential new material covering the
`science and practice of pharmacy as required by the philoso-
`phy of this text.
`'
`When a great number of authors contribute individual
`chapters to compile this rather large tome, it is inevitable that
`duplication of concepts will be found. Not that duplication
`is without merit, but excessive repetition serves no pedagogical
`purpose and should be avoided when possible. During revi-
`sion, the several chapters which constitute the first five parts
`were thoroughly reviewed to eliminate unessential duplication
`of material and thus recover space sorely needed for new
`material. Perhaps the reader may still uncover a few pockets
`of duplication, but the editors have determined it is essential
`to remain.
`A number of halftone photographs have been deleted en—
`tirely, or replaced by schematic drawings or “blow-apart”
`drawings which better explain the construction or operation
`of a piece of equipment or apparatus.
`Practically all the structural formulas depicted in the drug
`monographs have been replaced with standard USAN struc-
`tures, when available, for uniformity and clarity. At the
`discretion of the editors many systematic chemical names,
`which appeared directly beneath the structural formulas in
`the monographs, have been deleted if the names were merely
`the inverted form of the previously listed name; a space—saving
`concept without loss of information.
`All CAS Registry numbers and molecular formulas were
`checked and molecular weights recalculated by computer to
`insure accuracy to the number of significant figures indi-
`cated.
`This edition will contain about 100 pages of additional
`material besides that gained through streamlining the several
`chapters.
`It is estimated that almost 200 pages of new ma-
`terial has been incorporated in the book with an actual
`physical increase of fewer than 100 pages.
`The number of authors has increased by 7 from the previous
`edition to a total of 97 for the 109 chapters. A new member
`of the Editorial Board, Dr Thomas Medwick of Rutgers
`University, is to be welcomed. Dr Medwick supplements the
`expertise of the other members of the Board with his extensive
`experience in the area of Pharmaceutical Chemistry.
`In Part 2, Pharmaceutics, the chapters on Drug Information
`{Chapter 7), Statistics (Chapter 10), Computer Science
`(Chapter 11), Structure, Properties, and States of Matter
`(Chapter 13), Complexation (Chapter 14), and Reaction Ki-
`netics (Chapter 18) have been revised extensively. For Part
`3, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, all of the chapters essentially
`have been rewritten, many by new authors with interesting
`and pertinent concepts, such as the prediction of pK from the
`structural formula for a molecule, in Chapter 24, Organic
`Pharmaceutical Chemistry. Chapters 30 and 32 to 34 are
`completely redone by new authors and Chapter 35 is the new
`addition, Dissolution, in Part 5.
`A portion of the information presented in Part 6 has been
`rearranged for a neater pharmacological grouping of some of
`the drugs presented, to reflect current thinking and uses.
`Every monograph in this section has been thoroughly dis-
`
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`sected and updated to confirm uses, dosages, and dosage
`forms. The section of each chapter which deals with general
`information of the specific drug classes has been amplified to
`provide the pharmacist with additional, useful, fundamental
`information.
`
`In Part 8 a number of new authors bring fresh, contempo-
`rary concepts to the section on Pharmaceutical Preparations
`and their Manufacture. Two chapters in this section bear
`new names to better describe the entire gamut of drug dosage
`forms included. These are Chapter 90, Oral Solid Dosage
`Forms, to replace the title, Tablets, Capsules, and Pills of
`RPSIB and Sustained Release Drug Delivery Systems
`(Chapter 92) in place of Prolonged Action Pharmaceuticals
`of the previous edition.
`The Wisdom of creating an editorial board to share the
`burden of producing a voluminous text has been demonstrated
`adm